Aptamer‑linked immobilized sorbent assay for detecting GMO marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)

Woo‑Ri Shin,Mun‑Jong Lee,SEKHONSIMRANJEET SINGH,Ji Hun Kim,Sun Chang Kim,Byung‑Kwan Cho,Ji‑Young Ahn,Yang‑Hoon Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Development of genetically modified crops has rapidly increased in last few years. The most widely grown GM crops express genes that confer herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Detection system of GM crops is important for safety evaluation before its consumption. Objective The purpose of this research is to detect GM crops, especially PAT, in food-samples. Results The bar gene (PAT protein, herbicide resistant) was cloned in pGEX-4T-1 and expressed by E. coli. The high-affinity PAT-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were obtained from a random DNA library. MOE docking study was performed to identify the potential binding region of the selected aptamers on PAT. Aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA) method was used to detect PAT. Conclusion We screened aptamer against PAT for developing an efficient detection method. The selected PAT specific aptamers, HRPA-05 and HRPA-07, showed the distinct target binding behaviors, and detected PAT protein by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay method with high efficiency and selectivity.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

뇌실외 배액술 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 : 원인균주와 경험적 치료약제의 적절성

도병훈,김신우,오종택,손종원,하상우,이응갑,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌실외 배액술을 시행한 신경외과 환자들에서 뇌실염 발생 빈도, 원인균주와 감수성 추이 및 경험적 치료로 사용되는 항생제인 ceftazidime과 vancomycin의 적절성 여부에 대하여 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2000년 12월부터 2003년 10월까지 EVD를 시행한 경북대학교병원 신경외과 입원환자 340명 중 뇌실염이 발생한 39명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 340명 중 39예 (11.5%)에서 뇌실염이 발생하였고 이들 가운데 4명이 뇌실염과 연관하여 사망하였다(10.3%). EVD 시행일로부터 뇌실염 발생까지는 평균 8.4일이었다. 원인균은 33예(87.1%)에서 확인되었으며 Aci-netobacter (19예, 45%), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (9예, 22%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (9예, 22%) 등의 순이었다. 가장 많이 동정된 Acinetobacter 19예 중에서 8예(42.1%)가 ceftriaxone에 내성을 보였으며 현재 경험적으로 널리 사용되는 ceftazidime에 대해서는 11예중 3예(27%)가 내성을 보였다. 결론 : 최근 EVD 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 뇌실염 최근 그람음성 non-fermenter 특히 Acinetobacter에 의한 경우가 증가하고 있으며, 이들 그람음성 non-fermenter는 현재까지 경험적으로 사용되는 ceftazidime에 점차 내성을 보이고 있다. 경험적 치료제에 대한 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 각 병원별 내실염의 원인균주의 감수성에 대한 검사가 필요하겠다. Purpose : To investigate the etiologic microorganisms of external ventricular drain (EVD)-related ventriculitis and the appropriateness of using ceftazidime and vancomycin as an empiric therapy in neurosurgical patients with EVD-related ventriculitis. Materials and Methods : Retrospective analysis of 39 patients with EVD-related ventriculitis among 340 neurosurgical patients to whom EVD had been placed during December 2000 and October 2003 at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results : Thirty-nine EVD-related infections (39/340, 11.5%) occurred and the attributable mortality rate was 10.3% (4/39). The average duration from the ventricular catheter placement to the development of ventriculitis was 8.4 days. All patients with EVD infection had fever and 89.7% (35/39) of the patients showed nuchal rigidity. The positive culture rate in CSF was 87.1% (34/39) and the frequency of individual organism is as follows : Acinetobacter 45% (19 cases), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus 22% (9 cases), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22% (9 cases), Enterococcus 5% (2 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3% (1 case), non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli 3% (1 case). The polymicrobial infection rate was 15.4% (6/39). Among 19 cases of Acinetobacter infection, 42.1% (8/19) of the strains showed resistance to ceftriaxone and 15.7% (3/11) to ceftazidime. However, all cases were sensitive to meropenem. Conclusion : These findings show that the major etiologic organisms causing EVD-related ventriculitis have recently changed to Gram-negative non-fermenters, especially Acinetobacter. Because Gram-negative non-fermenting rods resistant to ceftazidime are increasing, an immediate change from ceftazidime plus vancomycin, the widely accepted empiric antibiotic therapy, to meropenem plus vancomycin should be considered when clinical symptoms and signs show no improvement or even deterioration.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

모형폐에서 폐유순도 변화가 기계적 조절환기에 미치는 영향

신우종,승익상 한양대학교 의과대학 1995 한양의대 학술지 Vol.15 No.1

Patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation often undergo general anesthesia and surgery. The clinical feature of acute lung injury includes hypoxemia, hypercarbia, reduction in lung compliance and increase in work of breathing. In mechanical ventilation for these patients considerable volume from the anesthesia ventilator is not delivered to the lung, especially with lower complicance. In this study the effect of increasing respiratory frequency and tidal volume on the mechanical controlled ventilation of Draeger Remus A ventilator(Ventilog 2) was compared to identify minute volume and plateau inspiratory pressure by measuring at distal near the lung simulator and proximal end near the ventilator of breathing circuit in the 3 different states of lung compliance. Minute volume and plateau inspiratory pressure were simultaneously measured at the proximal end of breathing circuit near the ventilator and it's distal one near lung simulator under three study conditions using a simulated lung : 1) 50 ml/cmH2O of lung compliance and 5 cmH2O/1/sec of airflow resistance 2) 20 ml/cmH2O of lung compliance and 5 cmH2O of airflow resistance 3) 10 ml/cmH2O of lung compliance and 5 cmH₂O of airflow resistance. The results were as follows; 1. During controlled mechanical ventilation using anesthesia ventilator with any respiratory frequency and tidal volume, the change of intrapulmonary and total respiratory minute volume were directly related to the states of pulmonary compliance(p<0.05). 2. During controlled mechanical ventilation using anesthesia ventilator with any respiratory frequency and tidal volume in constant lung compliance, intrapulmonary minute volume was markedly less than total respiratory minute volume(p<0.05). 3. Generally there were differences between intrapulmonay and total respiratory minute volume and preset minute volume, and the difference was inversibly related to respiratory frequency and tidal volume, but proportional to lung compliance. 4. Intrapulmonary plateau inspiratory pressure in 20 and 10 ml/cmH2O of lung compliance was increased to approximately 1.5 to 2.0 and 2.5 to 3.0 times those in 50ml/cmH₂O of lung compliance respectively and about 0.5 to 1.5 times in total respiratory plateau inspiratory pressure. The above results suggest that there are statistically significant differences in minute volume and plateau inspiratory pressure between intrapulmonary and total respiratory system and that delivered minute volume to the lung actually did not reach to the level of preset minute volume especially in the lung with severe lowered lung compliance while it would increase for plateau intrapulmonary pressure to damage to the lung tissue.

지속가능한 산림경영을 위한 기준 및 지표의 산림기능구분에 대한 적용성 연구

우종춘,장재영,신현지 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2005 Journal of Forest Science Vol.21 No.-

지속가능한 산림경영을 위하여 우리나라는 여러 가지 프로세스 중에 몬트리올 프로세스를 채택하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에 적용 가능한 7개 기준. 27개 지표를 산림의 6가지 기능에 적용하였다. 산림기능에 대표성, 적합성, 가능성 기준과 지표를 각각의 산림 상태와 목표로 하는 방향을 고려하여 가장 비중 있게 적용되는 기준과 지표를 선정하였다. 그리고 각각 다른 산림에 모두 같은 기준과 지표를 가지고 산림을 평가할 수는 없으며 이를 적용하기 위해서는 산림에 대한 정확한 데이터와 지식이 필요 하다고 사료된다. To be a sustainable forest management, Korea took a Montreal process in many proccsses. This study applied seven criterias. twenty-seven indicators that are applicable indicators to the forest function type. Forest function type choose representation. suitability, possibility criterias and indicators that forest conditions are thought a great deal of wegit on th forest by a goal. And we can't estimate many forest with same criteria and indicators every time, to apply them need correct data and knowledge about forest.

Fluoranthene 독성에 기인하는 비정상적 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석

신성우,조현덕,전태수,김정상,이성규,고성철 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Fluoranthene, a common polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), exhibits phototoxicity which may affect aquatic organisms, The eventual goal of this study is to develop a biomarker of Japanese medaka (Oryzias iatipes) used in monitoring hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem. In this study we investigated neural toxicity of fluoranthene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) along with comparative analysis of corresponding behavioral responses. The untreated individuals showed normal behavioral characteristics (i.e' smooth and linear movements). The treated fish, however, showed stopping and abrupt change of orientation (100 ppb), and severely reduced locomotive activity and enhanced surfacing activity (1,000ppb). Treatment of the medaka fish with fluoranthene caused a significant suppression of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in the body portion but not in the head portion. When fish were exposed to 1,000pph of fluoranthene for 24hr, the body AChE activities decreased from 126.±31.89 (nmoles substrate hydrolyzed per min per mg protein) 10 49.51 ± 11.99. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head and body portions were comparatively analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Five organs of the medaka fish showing a strong TH protein expression were the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using fish as a model organism.

인듀서 내부의 캐비테이션 유동과 흡입성능에 관한 연구

申澈洙,金鍾喆,姜宇政,李先基 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In order to understand the influence of the inducer inlet angle on cavitation and suction performance, experiments were carried out for two kinds inducer, which have the same outlet angle distribution, length and number of inducer blades. The results showed that the change of inducer inlet angles influenced not only internal flow conditions but also cavity flow and suction performance. The improvement of suction performance by using inducer were also discussed.

구리 독성에 기인하는 비정상적인 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석

신성우,조현덕,전태수,김정상,이성규,고성철 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr, The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e., smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000ppb, activity decreased, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0, 100 and 1,000 pph) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body(kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothaiamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,0M ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used as a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.