Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사의 예후인자

김준형,김희정,구남수,김영근,최준용,신소연,박윤선,김연아,김명수,정수진,최희경,송영구,이경원,김준명 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

배경 : Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사(Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea; CDAD)는 임상 경과가 다양하다. 최근에 유럽과 북미에서 C. difficile 감염의 발생률이 증가하고 고전적 치료에 잘 반응하지 않으며 이환률이 증가하였고, 이러한 원인이 새로운 균주의 탄생에 기인한다고 보고되었다. CDAD의 예후에 영향을 미치는 세균성 요인과 숙주 요인을 확인하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 CDAD가 진단된 20세 이상인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 Cohort 연구를 하였다. 세균성 요인을 확인하기 위해 cdt A, cdtB, tcd A, tcd A rep 그리고 tcd B 유전자(binary toxin)를 확인하였다. 설사가 치료 시작 후 11일 이상 지속되거나, 2달 이내에 재발하거나, 수술 혹은 다른 시술이 필요한 경우, 사망한 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 115예에서 toxin을 생성하는 C. difficile가 동정되었으며, Toxin A와 toxin B 모두 양성인 균이 91예, toxin B만 양성인 균이 24예였다. Toxin A 생성 여부가 예후에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 제산제를 사용한 환자에서 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 toxin B만 양성인 균이 많이 동정되었다(P<0.05). 예후가 좋지 않은 경우는 39예(33.9%)였고 76예(66.1%)에서 예후는 양호하였다. 단변량 분석에서 70세 이상의 고령, 남성, 증상 발현 후 사용한 항생제의 개수 사용, 증상 발현 후 carbapenem, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide 사용, 당뇨 및 뇌졸중 병력이 있는 경우, 그리고 높은 Charlson index가 불량한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. 그러나 독립적인 예후 인자를 조사했을 때에는70세 이상의 고령(odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009), 증상 발현후 carbapenem 사용(odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001)이 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 확인되었다. 결론 : 70세 이상의 고령과 증상 발현 후 carbapenem 사용이 CDAD 독립적인 불량한 예후인자이다. Background : Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prognostic factors of CDAD are not fully understood. Materialsand Methods : A retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with CDAD from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2003 was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors of CDAD. Bacteriologic factors were determined by detecting the binary toxin gene, tcd A, tcd A rep and tcd B gene. Poor prognosis was defined as diarrhea more than 10 days even with classic treatment, recurrence, death, and moribund discharge. Results : Approximately 79% of isolated strains were toxin A+/B+ strains and 21% were toxin A-/B+ strains. There was no difference in prognosis between toxin A+ and toxin A- strains. 39 (33.9%) cases showed poor prognosis and 76 (66.1%) cases showed good prognosis. Univariate analyses revealed that the poor prognostic factors were old age over 70 years old, male, the number of antibiotics used after onset of symptom, the administration of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides after onset of symptom, history of DM and stroke, and high Charlson comorbidity index. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified old age over 70 years old (odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009) and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom (odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001) as the independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion : Old age over 70 and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom were the poor prognostic factors for CDAD caused by none-binary toxin producing strains.

A novel mode of TRPML3 regulation by extracytosolic pH absent in the varitint-waddler phenotype

Kim, Hyun Jin,Li, Qin,Tjon-Kon-Sang, Sandra,So, Insuk,Kiselyov, Kirill,Soyombo, Abigail A,Muallem, Shmuel Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 The EMBO journal Vol.27 No.8

<P>TRPML3 belongs to the TRPML subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The A419P mutation in TRPML3 causes the varitint-waddler phenotype as a result of gain-of-function mutation (GOF). Regulation of the channels and the mechanism by which the A419P mutation leads to GOF are not known. We report here that TRPML3 is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel with a unique form of regulation by extracytosolic (luminal) H(+) (H(+)(e-cyto)). Regulation by H(+)(e-cyto) is mediated by a string of three histidines (H252, H273, H283) in the large extracytosolic loop between transmembrane domains (TMD) 1 and 2. Each of the histidines has a unique role, whereby H252 and H273 retard access of H(+)(e-cyto) to the inhibitory H283. Notably, the H283A mutation has the same phenotype as A419P and locks the channel in an open state, whereas the H283R mutation inactivates the channel. Accordingly, A419P eliminates regulation of TRPML3 by H(+)(e-cyto), and confers full activation to TRPML3(H283R). Activation of TRPML3 and regulation by H(+)(e-cyto) are altered by both the alpha-helix-destabilizing A419G and the alpha-helix-favouring A419M and A419K. These findings suggest that regulation of TRPML3 by H(+)(e-cyto) is due to an effect of the large extracytosolic loop on the orientation of fifth TMD and thus pore opening and show that the GOF of TRPML3(A419P) is due to disruption of this communication.</P>

Base-pair opening dynamics of the microRNA precursor pri-miR156a affect temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis

Kim, Hee-Eun,Kim, Wanhui,Lee, Ae-Ree,Jin, Suhyun,Jun, A.Rim,Kim, Nak-Kyoon,Lee, Joon-Hwa,Ahn, Ji Hoon Academic Press 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Internal and environmental cues, including ambient temperature changes, regulate the timing of flowering in plants. Arabidopsis miR156 represses flowering and plays an important role in the regulation of temperature-responsive flowering. However, the molecular basis of miR156 processing at lower temperatures remains largely unknown. Here, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance studies to investigate the base-pair opening dynamics of model RNAs at 16 °C and investigated the <I>in vivo</I> effects of the mutant RNAs on temperature-responsive flowering. The A9C and A10CG mutations in the B5 bulge of the lower stem of pri-miR156a stabilized the C15∙G98 and U16∙A97 base-pairs at the cleavage site of pri-miR156a at 16 °C. Consistent with this, production of mature miR156 was severely affected in plants overexpressing the A9C and A10CG constructs and these plants exhibited almost no delay in flowering at 16 °C. The A10G and A9AC mutations did not strongly affect C15∙G98 and U16∙A97 base-pairs at 16 °C, and plants overexpressing A10G and A9AC mutants of miR156 produced more mature miR156 than plants overexpressing the A9C and A10CG mutants and showed a strong delay in flowering at 16 °C. Interestingly, the A9AC mutation had distinct effects on the opening dynamics of the C15∙G98 and U16∙A97 base-pairs between 16 °C and 23 °C, and plants expressing the A9AC mutant miR156 showed only a moderate delay in flowering at 16 °C. Based on these results, we propose that fine-tuning of the base-pair stability at the cleavage site is essential for efficient processing of pri-miR156a at a low temperature and for reduced flowering sensitivity to ambient temperature changes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A mutation in pri-miR156a B5 affected base-pairing stability at the cleavage site. </LI> <LI> Mutations in the B5 bulge increased base-pair stabilities and decreased miR156. </LI> <LI> The A9AC mutation affected opening dynamics between 16 and 23 °C. </LI> <LI> Cleavage site base-pair stabilities reflected miR156 levels and flowering time. </LI> </UL> </P>

A rationally designed small molecule for identifying an <i>in vivo</i> link between metal–amyloid-β complexes and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Beck, Michael W.,Oh, Shin Bi,Kerr, Richard A.,Lee, Hyuck Jin,Kim, So Hee,Kim, Sujeong,Jang, Milim,Ruotolo, Brandon T.,Lee, Joo-Yong,Lim, Mi Hee Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical Science Vol.6 No.3

<▼1><P>An <I>in vivo</I> chemical tool designed to target metal–Aβ complexes and modulate their activity was applied to the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) demonstrating the involvement of metal–Aβ in AD pathology.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Multiple factors, including amyloid-β (Aβ), metals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metal ions can interact with Aβ species generating toxic oligomers and ROS <I>in vitro</I>; however, the involvement of metal–Aβ complexes in AD pathology <I>in vivo</I> remains unclear. To solve this uncertainty, we have developed a chemical tool (<B>L2-b</B>) that specifically targets metal–Aβ complexes and modulates their reactivity (<I>i.e.</I>, metal–Aβ aggregation, toxic oligomer formation, and ROS production). Through the studies presented herein, we demonstrate that <B>L2-b</B> is able to specifically interact with metal–Aβ complexes over metal-free Aβ analogues, redirect metal–Aβ aggregation into off-pathway, nontoxic less structured Aβ aggregates, and diminish metal–Aβ-induced ROS production, overall mitigating metal–Aβ-triggered toxicity, confirmed by multidisciplinary approaches. <B>L2-b</B> is also verified to enter the brain <I>in vivo</I> with relative metabolic stability. Most importantly, upon treatment of 5XFAD AD mice with <B>L2-b</B>, (i) metal–Aβ complexes are targeted and modulated in the brain; (ii) amyloid pathology is reduced; and (iii) cognition deficits are significantly improved. To the best of our knowledge, by employing an <I>in vivo</I> chemical tool specifically prepared for investigating metal–Aβ complexes, we report for the first time experimental evidence that metal–Aβ complexes are related directly to AD pathogenesis.</P></▼2>

DACUM 기법에 의한 병원 임상영양사의 직무기술서 개발

차진아 ( Jin A Cha ),김강은 ( Kang Eun Kim ),김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),박미선 ( Mi Sun Park ),박유경 ( Yoo Kyoung Park ),백희준 ( Hee Joon Baek ),이송미 ( Song Mi Lee ),최수경 ( Soo Kyong Choi ),서정숙 ( Jung Sook Seo ) 대한영양사협회 2013 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구에서는 DACUM 기법을 통해 국내 병원 임상영양사의 직무를 조사 및 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 도출된 임상영양사의 직무기술서를 평가함으로써 병원 임상영양사를 위한 직무기술서를 개발하고자 하였다. 2011년 7월초에 DACUM 워크숍을 통해 1차적으로 직무기술서를 도출하고 전문가 집단의 자문회의와 Delphi 조사 방법을 적용한 표적집단 면접을 통해 수정 및 보완 작업을 거쳐 직무기 술서를 도출하였다. DACUM 위원회의 패널로는 3차 의료기관에 종사하고 있는 현직 임상영양사 9인과 임상영양학을 전공하는 교수 4인, 직무분석을 담당하는 교수 1인 등 총 14명이 참여하였다. 전문가 자문단을 별도로 구성하였으며, 의사 1인, 간호사 1인, 임상영양분야 실무자 및 교수 5인이 포함된 전문가의 의견을 추가적으로 수렴하였다. 도출된 직무기술서는 2011년 7∼8월까지 전국 500병상 이상의 종합 병원 90개 중 설문조사에 응답한 46개 병원에서 각각 임상영양 실무책임자 1인으로부터 수집한 자료를 분석하여 현장 적합성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에서 DACUM 기법에 의해 처음 도출된 직무는 총 8개의 직무, 33개의 과업, 114개의 과업요소였으나 수정 보완작업을 거쳐 총 7개의 직무, 27개의 과업과 93개의 과업요소로 재분류되었다. 최종적으로 병원 임상영양사의 직무는 영양판정(A), 영양진단(B), 영양중재(C), 영양모니터링ㆍ평가(D), 자문ㆍ협력(E), 영양연구(F), 자기계발(G)로 도출되었다. 2. 각 직무영역별로 세부내용을 보면, (A) 영양판정은 A1. 영양 초기평가하기, A2. 식품영양관련 자료 수집·평가하기, A3. 의학적 자료 점검하기, A4. 신체계측 자료 수집·평가하기, A5. 신체증상 자료 점검하기, A6. 개인력 및 과거력 점검하기, A7. 영양 요구량 결정하기, A8. 영양판정 기록하기의 8개의 과업으로 구분하였다. (B) 영양진단은 B1. 영양진단 도출하기, B2. 우선순위 정하기, B3. 영양진단 기록하기로 나뉘었고, (C) 영양 중재는 C1. 영양중재 계획하기, C2. 영양처방 관리하기, C3. 영양상담하기, C4. 영양교육하기, C5. 영양집중지원하기, C6. 영양중재 기록하기로 구분 하였다. (D) 영양모니터링·평가는 4개의 과업으로 D1. 영양상태 모니터하기, D2. 영양중재과정 모니터하기, D3. 영양중재 결과 평가하기, D4. 영양모니터링·평가 기록하기로 구분하였다. (E) 자문·협력은 E1. 영양자문하기, E2. 협력관계 구축 및 유지하기로 (F) 영양연구는 F1. 질 향상 활동하기, F2. 연구 활동하기로 분류하였다. 마지막으로 (G) 자기계발은 G1. 전문성 향상, G2. 자기관리가 포함되었다. 3. 도출된 임상영양 직무기술서에 대한 평가를 위해 설문조사에 참여한 대상 병원의 유형은 상급종합 병원이 65.2%를 차지하였으며, 종합병원은 34.8%였다. 병원의 재원일수는 8.0±1.5일이었으며 병원 조직에서 영양부서는 6곳을 제외한 39개의 병원에서 진료부서 또는 진료지원부서에 속하였다. 또한 병원에서 영양부서가 단독으로 편제되어 있는 경우가 93%로 높은 비율을 보였다. 병원 임상 영양사의 성별은 여자가 100%로 나타났으며, 연령별 분포는 40∼49세가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 근무경력은 10년 이상인 경우가 50% 이상을 차지하였고 최종학력은 석사졸업이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 전체 과업요소의 인지된 중요도를 비교하면 6개의 과업요소를 제외한 대부분의 과업요소들이 4.0점 이상이었고 총 7개 직무영역에 대한 중요도는 ‘영양중재’가 4.6±0.6점으로 가장 중요도가 높게 나타났으며, ‘영양진단’과 ‘영양모니터링·평가’의 직무가 4.5점 이상으로 비교적 높게 조사 되었다. 전체 과업요소 중 수행도가 4.5점 이상으로 매우 자주 수행되는 과업요소가 13개, 4.0점 이상의 자주 수행되는 과업도 29개의 과업요소로 나타났으며, 직무영역 중 ‘영양중재’가 4.2±1.0점으로 높게 나타났다. 직무영역별 난이도를 조사한 결과에서는 ‘영양연구’ 업무가 4.1±0.9점으로 가장 높게 조사되었다. ‘영양진단’과 ‘자문·협력’은 각각 3.8±1.0점, 3.7±0.9점으로 비교적 어렵게 인식되는 직무로 나타났다. 직무영역별 과업요소 전체의 중요도, 수행도, 난이도의 평균은 각각 4.5±0.8점, 3.7±1.3점, 3.5±1.0점으로 나타났으며 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(P<0.001). 5. 임상영양사 업무의 중요도와 수행도 사이의 관계를 나타낸 격자도 분석에서 영양 초기평가하기, 영양요구량 결정하기, 영양판정 기록하기, 영양진단 도출하기, 영양중재 계획하기, 영양처방 관리하기, 영양교육하기, 영양집중지원하기, 영양중재 기록하기, 영양상태 모니터하기, 영양중재 과정 모니터하기는 중요도와 수행도가 모두 높은 영역(doing great)에, 식품영양관련 자료수집·평가하기, 의학적 자료 점검하기, 신체계측 자료수집·평가하기, 신체증상 자료 점검하기, 개인력 및 과거력 자료 점검하기, 영양진단의 우선순위 정하기, 영양진단 기록하기, 영양상담하기, 영양 모니터링·평가 기록하기는 수행도는 높으나 중요도가 낮은 영역(overdone)에 속하였다. 중요도가 높으나 수행도가 낮은 영역(focus here)에는 협력관계 구축 및 유지하기, 질 향상 활동하기가 속하였고, 중요도와 수행도가 모두 낮은 영역(low priority)은 영양중재 평가하기, 영양 자문 활동하기, 연구 활동하기, 전문성 향상하기, 자기관리하기가 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 본 연구에서 DACUM 기법에 의해 개발된 병원 임상영양사의 직무기술서는 현장에서 임상영양서비스를 수행하는데 가이드라인으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨지며, 인지된 중요도가 평균 이상으로 높지만 그에 비해 수행도가 미흡한 과업들에 대하여는 임상영양사에 대한 교육 실시, 업무 분담, 적정인원 배치 등 제도적인 뒷받침을 마련하여 수행도를 높일 수 있는 방안이 강구 되어야 할 것이다. 또한 질병별 맞춤형 임상영양 업무에 관한 후속연구를 통하여 보다 전문적인 환자 영양치료가 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. The present study was conducted to develop a standardized job description for clinical dietitians working in hospitals. A developing curriculum (DACUM) method was used for the job analysis of clinical dietitians. Based on DACUM analysis with 14 members, including clinical dietitians and professors majoring in clinical nutrition and job analysis, information on the duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians was determined. To verify the job descriptions derived from DACUM analysis, a total of 46 tertiary and general hospitals with over 500 beds were recruited for the survey. The final developed job description for clinical dietitians included 7 duties, 27 tasks, and 93 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring·evaluation, consultation·cooperation, nutrition research, and self-development. The mean scores of perceived importance, performance, and difficulty on the clinical dietitian`s task elements (out of a maximum score of 5.0) were 4.5, 3.7, and 3.5, respectively, with significant differences between the items (P<0.001). The perceived importance and performance grid of clinical dietitian`s tasks showed that “construction and maintenance of collaboration” (E2) and “activity of quality improvement” (F1) received relatively low scores for performance despite their high importance scores; thus the performance of these tasks requires significant improvement. In conclusion, the job descriptions of clinical dietitians developed from this study are useful for the qualitative improvement of clinical nutrition services in hospitals.

Biochanin A의 미백 효과에 관한 연구

박성하 ( Sung Ha Park ),김아현 ( A Hyun Kim ),박병준 ( Byoung Jun Park ),김진준 ( Jin Jun Kim ) 대한화장품학회 2013 대한화장품학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구는 미백 소재 개발을 위하여 강진향(Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen) 추출물에서 분리한 활성물질인 biochanin A의 멜라닌 생성에 연관된 효과를 알아보았다. Biochanin A는 B16F1 melanoma 세포에서 농도의존적으로 멜라닌 양을 억제하였으며, 멜라닌 생합성 저해 효과는 10 μg/mL 농도에서 멜라닌 생성 억제율이 48%로 나타났다. Western blot을 이용하여 microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase, Trp-1와 Trp-2의 발현을 억제함을 확인하였다. 따라서 biochanin A는 미백 효능을 갖는 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다. To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of biochanin A on melanogenesis. The biochanoin A is an active component in the extracts of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen. It reduced melanin contents of B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased to about 48% at a concentration 10 μg/mL. It also inhibited the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase, Tyrosinase related protein 1 (Trp-1), and Tyrosinase related protein 2 (Trp-2) in melanocytes. The results suggested that biochanin A has considerable potential as a cosmetics ingredient with a whitening effect.

Effect of Apoptosis Induction of Ailanthus altissima on Human Lung Carcinoma Cells

Yu-Jin Hwang,Hye-Im Woo,Inhye Kim,Dong-Sik Park,Jaehyun Kim,Ae-Son Om,Kyung-A Hwang 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.5

We investigated the inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from Ailanthus altissima in A549 human lung cancer cell. A. altissima has been recognized as a traditional healthy food due to its various biological activities against hypertension, strokes, fever, pain, neuralgia, inflammation, and cancer effects. Recently, it has been reported that the extracts of various wild vegetables show strong anti-cancer properties by induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells have been poorly understood. The present study was investigated the effects of solvent extracts from A. altissima on cell growth and apoptosis on A549 human lung cancer cells. A treatment of A. altissima inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. Especially, the chloroform fraction showed the highest anti-cancer effect among five kinds of fractions. And also, induction of apoptosis by chloroform fraction were associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. From these results, A. altissima may have a therapeutic potential in human lung cancer cells and as a functional food.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Studies on Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophyll a and b, Pheophorbide a, and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina Products

이영자,김소희,김진숙,한정아,서해점,임효정,최수영,Lee Young Ja,Kim So Hee,Kim Jin-Sook,Han Jeong A,Seo Hae Jeom,Lim Hyo Jeong,Choi Soo Young The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2005 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.20 No.3

역상 컬럼을 이용하여 건강기능식품 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 함유되어 있는 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴의 HPLC동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 첨가농도 $50\;\mug/ml$에서 엽록소 a, b, 페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴에 대한 회수율시험결과, 각각 2.8, 6.0, 10.6 및 $10.4\%$의 상대표준편차와 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 및 $90.5\%$의 회수율을 각각 나타냈다. 이때 검출한계는 $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$, 정량한계는 $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$이었으며 검량선 상관계수도 0.995 이상의 직선성을 보여주었다. 국내유통 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 대한 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a및 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량을 분석한 결과 엽록소 a $121.g\sim543$, 엽록소 b $0.6\sim160.0$, 페오포르바이드 a 및 P-카로틴 $383.6\sim1713.7mg/ml$ 수준으로 나타났다. 엽록소 b의 함유량은 클로렐라제품에서 평균 374.0 mg/100 g 으로 스피루리나제품의 평균 10.5 mg/100 g 보다 30배 이상 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량은 스피루리나제품이 평균 1335.4 mg/100 g 로 클로렐라제품의 평균 495.0 mg/100 g 보다 평균 함유량에서 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 건강기능식품공전 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품의 엽록소 a b, 및 페오포르바이드 항목의 규격검사를 본 연구의 동시분석법으로 개정함으로써 각 성분 함량의 정량, 분석시간의 단축 및 비용절감 둥 시험방법을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

고온환경 하에서 착용하는 인체냉각 보조도구로서의 Cooling Vest 연구(1) : Local Cooling에 따른 인체의 온열생리학적 특성 Thermophysiological Response of Human Body in Local Cooling

권오경,김진아,김태규 한국의류산업학회 2000 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.2 No.3

Heat stress results in fatigue, a decline in strength, alertness., and mental capacity The problem is compounded when high humidity exists. To help relieve worker heat stress, many types of cooling units are marketed. While workers may experience some cooling, critical body core temperatures often continue to elevate. This study was designed to find the effects of three kinds of cooling vest with portable frozen gel strips on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperature as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 80 min in 5 healthy males. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating thermal, humidity comfort, and fatigue sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature was the lowest in garb A1, intermediate in garb A, and the highest in garb A2 throughout the experiment. And mean skin temperature was the lowest in garb A, intermediate in garb A1, and the highest in garb A2; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing (back) were garb in Al, intermediate in garb A, and the highest in garb A2. But the temperature and humidity within clothing (chest) were garb in A, intermediate in garb A1, and the highest in garb A2; (c) Most participants (4 out of 5 persons) answered that they felt more comfortable and fatigueless in garb A1 than in garb A and A2. It is concluded that local cooling in garb A1 of the upper torso could physiological reduce the thermal strain in participants wearing cooling vest.