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Kim, Hyun Soo,Kim, Yong Tae,Hwang, Ha Sub,Sung, Man Young Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.8 No.3
One of the candidate materials for phase-change memory, In3Sb1Te2 (IST), shows multilevel phase transformations from amorphous to several crystalline materials of IST, intermediate phases such as InSb, SbTe and InTe. However, its volume can change abruptly in the multilevel phase transformation, and this change can lead to vacancy movement and atomic migration, which are related to failures and reliability issues. We propose the carbon-incorporated In3Sb1Te2 (IST-C) alloy, which has higher retention ability than the IST ternary alloy. Carbon atoms delay crystallization and prevent volume change during the set/reset operation. The carbon concen- tration is 12.5%, and the activation energy increases from 5.1 eV to 5.4 eV. ((c) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kim, K.-J.,Yoo, H.,Jeong, S.-W.,Roh, Y. Wiley (John WileySons) 2010 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.207 No.7
<P>We report the roles of post-deposition annealing of PVP/pentacene double-layered films on the electrical properties of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Data obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques demonstrate that both the grain size and the (001) peak intensity of pentacene films increase as the annealing temperature increases, resulting in clear dendrite structure after annealing at 100 degrees C in N(2) ambient. These physical properties were also confirmed by electrical conductivity (EC) of pentacene films. The electrical properties of OTFTs were improved with increasing the annealing temperature in general: Especially, mobility and on/off ratio of the OTFTs subjected to the 100 degrees C annealing process were 0.32 cm(2)/Ns and 10(6), respectively, which were both improved at least one order of magnitude as compared to those measured from the samples without annealing. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</P>
Park, Min Hyuk,Kim, Han Joon,Kim, Yu Jin,Jeon, Woojin,Moon, Taehwan,Hwang, Cheol Seong Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.8 No.6
The effect of the top electrode (TE) on the ferroelectric properties and switching endurance of thin Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films was examined. The TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN capacitor can endure electric cycling up to 10(9) times, which is promising for the next-generation memory. RuO2 TE was reduced during annealing due to the reactive TiN bottom electrode, resulting in the degradation of the ferroelectric properties and endurance. In addition, the endurance of the TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN capacitors was optimized by changing the film thickness and the postannealing temperature. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Park, Ju Hyun,Kim, Hee-Dong,Hong, Seok Man,Yun, Min Ju,Jeon, Dong Su,Kim, Tae Geun Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.8 No.3
The improvement of resistive switching (RS) phenomena of silicon-nitride (SiNx)-based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells through oxygen doping process was investigated. As a result, compared to un-doped SiNx films, the oxygen doped SiNx (SiNx:O-2)-based ReRAM cells show a lower current (approximate to 0.3 A) level at a high resistance state and a smaller variation of operating voltage through the reduction of leakage current in the SiNx:O-2 film by combining silicon dangling bonds and doped oxygen ions. Therefore, we believe that the oxygen doping process in SiNx films can effectively improve the RS characteristics of SiNx-based ReRAM cells. ((c) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kim, Seong J.,Yim, Eun C.,Park, In T.,Kim, Si W.,Cho, Hoon Wiley (John WileySons) 2011 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol.30 No.12
<P>Acute toxicity assessments of new algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to the marine ecological system were conducted. The toxicity assessments were performed using two of the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods employing Ulva pertusa Kjellman and three species representative of the marine ecological system, with the results compared by calculating the 50% effective concentration (EC50), 50% lethal concentration (LC50), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), and predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). In the acute toxicity assessment using the Kjellman, the EC50, NOEC, and PNEC of TD53 were 1.65 ?M, 0.08 ?M, and 1.65 nM, and those of TD49 were 0.18 ?M, 0.63 ?M, and 0.18 nM. In the assessments using Skeletonema costatum, Daphnia magna, and Paralichthys olivaceus fry, the EC50 or LC50 of TD53 were 1.53, 0.61, and 2.14 ?M, respectively, indicating that D. magna was the most sensitive. The calculated NOEC and PNEC to D. magna were 0.25 ?M and 6.10 nM, respectively. The LC50s (or EC50) of TD49 for the three species were 0.34, 0.68, and 0.58 ?M. The NOEC and PNEC to S. costatum, the most sensitive species, were 0.2 ?M and 3.4 nM, respectively. The slight difference in the chemical structures of the algicides caused significantly different sensitivities and specificities in the toxicities to the employed species. The results of the toxicity assessments showed that application concentrations for algiciding of red tide blooms were higher than the corresponding PNEC values. Therefore, we suggest that a formulization study of the algicides with high specificity should be conducted to reduce the surrounding ecological toxicity.</P>
Quantitative analyses of individual sugars in mixture using FRET-based biosensors
Ha, Jae-Seok,Gam, Jongsik,Choi, Su-Lim,Oh, Ki-Hoon,Ro, Hyeon-Su,Song, Jae Jun,Shin, Chul Soo,Lee, Seung-Goo Wiley (John WileySons) 2012 Biotechnology progress Vol.28 No.5
<P>Molecular biosensors were developed and applied to measure individual sugars in biological mixtures such as bacterial culture broths. As the sensing units, four sugar-binding proteins (SBPs for allose, arabinose, ribose, and glucose) were selected from the Escherichia coli genome and connected to a cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein via dipeptide linkers (CFP-L-SBP-YFP). The putative sensors were randomized in the linker region (L) and then investigated with regard to the intensity of fluorescence resonance energy transfer on the binding of the respective sugars. As a result, four representatives were selected from each library and examined for their specificity using 16 available sugars. The apparent dissociation constants of the allose, arabinose, ribose, and glucose sensors were estimated to be 0.35, 0.36, 0.17, and 0.18 μM. Finally, the sugar sensors were applied to monitor the consumption rate of individual sugars in an E. coli culture broth. The individual sugar profiles exhibited a good correlation with those obtained using an HPLC method, confirming that the biosensors offer a rapid and easy-to-use method for monitoring individual sugars in mixed compositions.</P>
Lee, Eun-Jung,Paek, Kee-Yoeup Wiley (John WileySons) 2012 Biotechnology progress Vol.28 No.2
<P>Ammonium to nitrate ratios of 0:30, 5:25, 10:20, 15:15, 20:10, 25:5, and 30:0 mM were tested to determine the optimal NH(4)(+) :NO(3)(-) ratio for improving biomass and bioactive compound production in Eleutherococcus koreanum Nakai adventitious roots using 3-L bulb-type bubble bioreactors. A high ammonium nitrogen ratio had a negative effect on root growth, and the highest fresh and dry weights were obtained when NH(4)(+):NO(3)(-) ratios were 5:25 and 10:20 (mM) after 5 weeks of culture. Although the total production of eleutherosides B and E was slightly higher at the 10:20 ratio than at the 5:25 ratio (NH(4)(+):NO(3)(-)), we proposed that the optimal NH(4)(+):NO(3)(-) ratio was 5:25 mM. This ratio achieved both the highest total production of five target bioactive compounds (eleutherosides B and E, chlorogenic acid, total phenolics, and flavonoids) and the highest root biomass. Furthermore, increasing NH(4)(+):NO(3)(-) ratios to 10:20 decreased pH in the medium, interrupted the absorption of essential minerals from the culture medium, and resulted in low biomass and increased relative oxidative stress levels, which were evaluated by determining 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Therefore, nitrate rather than ammonium nitrogen was more essential not for only biomass production but also for bioactive compound production in E. koreanum adventitious root cultures. The optimal nitrogen source ratio produced 5.63 g L(-1) of biomass and 24.41 mg of the five total bioactive compounds per gram of biomass (dry weight basis). The development of such in vitro culture technology will benefit the pilot-scale production of E. koreanum-based bioactive compounds for commercialization.</P>