한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

담낭 방선균증 1예

김형수,정진원,김양수,우준희,송현순,류지소,김명환,김남중 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

저자들은 우상복부 통증과 소화불량을 주소로 내원한 83세 여자 환자에서 국내 최초로 담낭 방선균증을 진단하고 치료 관찰 중으로 이에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative and granulomatous disease, characterized by abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. Actinomycosis of the gallbladder is very rare and has not yet been reported in Korea. We report a case of actinomycosis of the gallbladder in an 80-year-old women with history of cholelithiasis for 3 years, preoperatively misidentified as gallbladder cancer. Histologic section of the gallbladder showed Gram-positive branching bacilli compatible with actinomyces. After cholecystectomy, the patient received intravenous ampicillin for 4 days, followed by amoxicillin for 4 months thereafter.

일부 농약 취급 근로자들의 성호르몬 상태

이원진,김청식,김형수,이창훈,김진석 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objective : This study was carried out to determine the effects of occupational pesticides exposure on the level of serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone in male workers. Methods : Twenty-two male workers exposed to pesticides were compared with twenty-eight male workers at same factory who were not exposed to pesticides. The selected variables for studying reproductive hormones were LH, FSH and testosterone. As part of the baseline health status, subjects were asked medical history. Results : There were no statistically significant differences on the level of LH, FSH, testosterone between the exposed and non-exposed group. Also the level of sex hormones were not significant difference with each department in exposed group. And the level of LH, FSH positively correlated with age. Conclusions : These results indicate that there are no alterations in LH, FSH, testosterone at workers exposed to pesticides. But our findings are highly preliminary because of a small sample size. Thus it calls for furthur investigation of the hormonal effects at workers exposed to pesticides.

수술실 오염도감소를 위한 수술실공조시스템에 대한 연구

김천숙,박은정,강규식,김지은,안기량,권진형,유시현,주영철,권순정 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background: The OR(operating room) should provide an optimum environment that is safe for the patient and the working personnel. The air ventilation system of OR has been studied to decrease the contamination of air. We investigated the flow and contamination of the air in OR at our hospital. Method: Cultures in OR were made and the number of bacteria and fungi were calculated. A two-dimensional model for the cross-section of an operation room is developed for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The characteristics of air flow in the empty operation room and in the occupied operation room are calculated by using a CFD program. Results: The current air ventilation system of our hospital does not deliver the clean air to the operating site efficiently in occupied OR. Conclusions: We suggested a new location of air ventilation system which improves air venting with little increase of the cost of equipment.

急性精神分裂障碍患者의 Haloperidol 治療時 臨床 好轉度와 血中 Prolactin 濃度의 關係

김성윤,주진형,우종인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.2

저자들은 혈청 PRL농도가 급성 정신증에서의 haloperidol의 치료 반응에 대한 지표로서 임상적으로 이용가능한가를 규명하기 위하여 22명(남자 4, 여자 7)의 초발 정신분열양장애 환자들을 대상으로 하여 이 중 10명의 남자 환자군에 대해서는 11명의 남자 대조군과 기저 혈청 PRL치의 비교를 하였고 경구 haloperidol 치료를 받은 11명(남자 4, 여자 7)에 대해서는 치료전과 4주째의 혈청 PRL치와 haloperidol의 혈중 농도를 측정하고 동시에 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)로 정신병리를 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 남자 환자군 10명의 치료전 혈청 PRL치는 정상 대조군의 혈청 PRL치와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 환자군에서 치료 개시전 PANSS로 측정한 정신상태 중 음성증상 subscale만이 혈청 PRL치와 유의한 상관관계(r=0.6636, p<0.05)를 보였다. 2) 4주간의 치료후 PANSS 점수 변화율은 기초 및 4주째의 혈청 PRL치와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았고 PRL치의 변화율 및 변화치와도 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 3) 4주간의 HALOPERIDOL 치료를 통해 PANSS 전체 점수는 유의한 감소를 보였으며(p<0.05), 양성증상(p<0.05)과 일반정신병리(p<0.05) subscale 점수상에서도 유의한 감소를 보였다. 혈청 PRL치도 기초 측정치에 비하여 4주째 혈청 PRL치, PRL치의 변화율 또는 변화치와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. Objects : The authors investigated to evaluated the clinical utillity of serum prolactin(PRL) level as a therapeutic index of haloperidol treatment for acute psychotic patients. Methods : 22 patients(10 males, 12 females) first-onset schizophreniform disorder were studied. Among them 10 male patients' baseline PRL levels were compared to those of 11 agematched male volunteers and 11 patients who were treated with oral haloperidol(4 males, 7 females) were studied by measuring baseline and 4the week levels of serum PRL and haloperidol and administering Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) concurrently. Results : 1) The serum PRL level of 10 male patients showed no statistical difference from 11 healthy males. Only the patients' pre-treatment PANSS negative subscale score had significant correlation with the baseline serum PRL level. 2) Percentage of PANSS score change didn't show significant correlation with the baseline and 4th-week serum PRL level nor with amount and percentage of serum PRL level change. 3) The total PANSS score decreased significantly after 4 week treatment with haloperidol s well as positive symptoms subscale and general psychopathology(all, p<0.05), and 4th-week serum PRL level significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with the baseline. 4) The 4th-weeks plasma haloperidol level didn't show correlation with serum PRL level nor with amount and percentage of serum PRL level change. Conclusions : The findings suggest that serum PRL level has limitation for use as therapeutic index of haloperidol treatment for acute psychotic patients.

전자토모그래피의 정량적 분석에서 대물렌즈 조리개의 영향

김진규,이상희,권희석,정종만,정원구,이수정,주형태,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.4

Electron tomography의 정량적 분석을 위해서 대물렌즈 조리개가 투과빔의 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. Electron tomography에 도입되는 Beer’s law의 올바른 적용을 위해서는 투과빔은 시료의 기울기에 따른 mass thickness의 변화에 의한 효과만을 반영해야 한다. 그러므로 빔 경로상의 대물렌즈 조리개, 홀더 등에 의한 다른 효과는 제거되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 대물렌즈 조리개의 cut-off 효과를 120 kV TEM과 Quantifoil holey 카본 시료를 이용하여 상세히 평가하였다. 대물렌즈 조리개를 사용하지 않은 경우와 비교할 때, 30 μm 크기의 대물렌즈 조리개를 통과한 투과전자빔의 강도는 약 16.7%의 감소가 일어난다. 또한 55˚이상의 고경사각 기울기에서는 대물렌즈 조리개의 cut-off 효과에 의해 14.2%의 강도 감소가 추가적으로 발생함을 알 수 있었다. Electron tomography에서 정량적 분석을 위해서는 이러한 대물렌즈 조리개의 영향을 고려해야만 한다. 또한 Beer’s law의 올바른 적용을 위해서는 일련의 기울기에 따른 2차원적 영상은 가능하면 대물렌즈 조리개를 사용하지 않은 상태에서 획득하는 것이 바람직하다. We have evaluated the effects of experimental factors on transmitted electron beam intensities for quantitative analysis in electron tomography. For the correct application of Beer’s law in electron tomography, the transmitted beam intensity should reflect the net effect of mass properties on beam path. So, the any other effects of the objective aperture and the specimen holder on beam path should be removed. The cut-off effects of objective aperture were examined using Quantifoil holey carbon film and a transmission electron microscope operated at 120 kV. The transmitted beam intensities with 30 μm objective aperture dropped about 16.7% compared to electron beam intensities without the objective aperture. Also, the additional losses of about 14.2% at high tilt angles were occurred by cut-off effects of the objective apertures. For the precise quantitative analysis in electron tomography, the effect of the objective aperture on transmitted electron beam intensities should be considered. It is desirable that 2-D tilt series images are obtained without the objective aperture for correct application of Bee’s law.

브라우워의 수 개념과 심리학주의 문제

김진형 중앙대학교 중앙철학연구소 2006 철학탐구 Vol.20 No.-

브라우워가 수를 개념이 아닌 직관으로 간주한다는 것은 그가 수를 정신적 실재물로 파악함을 의미한다. 그런 까닭에 그의 직관주의는 경험 심리학적인 것으로 해석되는 경향이 있다. 논자는 이러한 견해에 반대하여 브라우워의 '나' 혹은 '자아'를 후기 후썰의 '선험적 주관'으로 해석함으로써 그의 수 이론은 밀 혹은 초기 후썰의 수학적 심리학주의가 아니라는 것을 보일 것이다. 이 결론을 강화하기 위해 나는 그의 수 개념은 프레게의 두 조건, 즉 수를 단위로 정의하는 데 필요한 '동일성'과 '구별불가능성'을 만족시킬 수 있음을 주장할 것이다. 이를 통해 논자는 브라우워의 직관주의는 반플라토니즘의 한 유형이라는 것과 함께 그의 의도는 수학의 올바른 경계 설정과 수학자가 나아가 길을 분명히 밝히는 데 있었음을 강조할 것이다. Brouwer understands 'numbers' as intuition, not concept. For him, numbers are conceived of mental entities. There has been an inclination to interpret his intuitionism as empirical psychology. Contrary to this view, I argues that Brouwer's number theory is not a version of Millian, or early Husserlian mathematical psychologism by showing that his 'I' or 'ego' can be identified with the 'transcendental subject' of late Husserl. In order to strengthen my conclusion, I will argue that his notion of natural numbers can satisfy Frege's two conditions, 'identity' and 'distinguishability,' which is necessary to define number as units. I emphasize in the course that Brouwer's intuitionism is a version of anti-Platonism, and that Brouwer intended to establish the appropriate boundary of mathematics and define the way mathematicians must go.

여자체조선수의 등속성 근력에 관한 연구

김진수,김태형 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1999 體育學論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to compare the specific character of health and isokinetic strength in elite and non-elite female gymnasts. Flexion of wrist joint, should or joint and hip joint, peak torque of extension, average power and so on are measured using Cybex 770 dynamometer. The results of two groups are compared. The results are as follow . 1.Back strength is higher significant(p〈.001) comparing with control. 2.Flexion at Peak torque of shoulder at 60deg/sec in female gymnast is highly significant(p〈.05) comparing with control. Extension at perk torque of shoulder at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec in female gymnast is highly significant(p〈.05) comparing with control. 3.Flexion at peak torque % body weight of shoulder ratio at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec is highly significant(p〈.01, p〈.05) comparing with control enter Flexion at peak torque % body weight of hip ratio at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec, 240deg/sec in female gymnasts is highly significant(p〈.01, p〈.05) comparing with control. Extension at ratio of shoulder, hip and wrist at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec in female gymnasts is highly significant(p〈.05) comparing with control. 4.Flexion of average power at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec, 240deg/sec in shoulder is highly significant (p〈.01, p〈.05) comparing with control. Flexion of average power at 240deg/sec in hip is highly significant(p〈.01, p〈.05) comparing with control. Flexion of average power at 60deg/sec, 180deg/sec in extension is highly significant(p〈.01, p〈.05) comparing with control. 5.Shoulder flexion of average power % body weight at 60deg/sec in female gymnast is highly significant(p〈.05) comparing with control. Hip extension of average power % body weight at 187deg/sec, 240deg/sec in female gymnast is highly significant(p〈.75) comparing with control. Wrist of average power % body weight at 90deg/sec, 180deg/sec in female gymnasts is highly significant(p〈.05) comparing with control.

연 폭로가 남성호르몬에 미치는 영향

김형수,장성훈,이원진,최재욱,박종태,백남원,김록호 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구는 직업성 연 폭로근로자에서 연폭로가 남성 생식기계 독성중 성호르몬에 미치는 영향과 그 정도를 평가하고자 시도되었다.방 법 1998년 하반기에 실시한 일반, 특수건강진단자중 경기도 지역 직업성 연 폭로 근로자 33명과 과거 직업력에서 연 폭로가 없었던 사무직 근로자 33명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연의 생물학적지표로는 혈색소, ZPP, 혈중 연, 및 요중 연을 이용하였으며, 성호르몬으로는 LH, FSH, testos-terone, SHBG 및 FTI를 이용하였다. 연 폭로 지표와 성호르몬과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 연의 생물학적 지표중 혈색소는 폭로군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았으며, ZPP, 혈중 연및 요중 연등은 폭로군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다. 성호르몬에서 FSH, testosterone, SHBG및 FTI는 모두 폭로군에서 대조군보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 폭로군의 성호르몬중에서 연령은 FSH 및 FTI, ZPP는 FSH, 혈중 연은testosterone과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 대조군에서 연령은 FSH, testosterone, SHBG 및 FTI와 흡연량은 FSH와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 연령군별 폭로군과 대조군의 성호르몬 비교에서 30-39세군의 FTI에서 폭로군이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았으며 그 밖의 호르몬에서는 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 연 폭로군의 FSH, Testosterone, SHBG 및 FTI가 대조군에 비교하여 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 그러나 폭로군에서 연의 생물학적 지표와 일부 성호르몬간에 유의한 상관관계를보였으며 이는 본 연구 대상 근로자의 연 폭로 수준이 일부 성호르몬에 영향이 있음을 보여주는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 진행되어 야 할 것이다. Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between biological markers of lead exposure and level of sex. hormones in men occupationally exposed to lead. Methods : In this study, 33 male workers who employed at smelting and battery factories were compared with 33 male workers who were not exposed to lead. As biological markers of lead exposure, hemoglobin, ZPP, blood lead and urine lead were measured. As sex hormones, FSH, LH, testosterone, SHBG and FTI were determined. Results : Hemoglobin level was significantly lower in exposed than in nonexposed group. Level of ZPP, blood lead, and urine lead were significantly higher in exposed than in nonexposed group. There was a trend that level of FSH, testosterone, SHBG, and FTI was lower in exposed than in nonexposed group respectively, but there were no statistical significance. In exposed group, FSH level was correlated with age, ZPP, and blood lead; testosterone level was correlated with hemoglobin, blood lead, urine lead, and SHBG ; and FTI level was correlated with age. Conclusions : Level of some sex hormones were lower in exposed than in nonexposed group but there were no statistical significance between the exposed and the nonexposed group. But level of sex hormones were correlated with several biological markers of lead in exposed group. It suggests that occupational lead exposure might affect sex hormones.

에타놀 섭취 후 두부 상하위시 혈역학적 변화

김지영,김형진,홍정길 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1