http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
陸相元,李光揆,愈閏朝 대한한의진단학회 1998 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.2 No.2
Young Chou Pyeong In Jul Gok deals with in Chapter 1 the size of stomach and the volume that contains water and food, and in Chapter 2, deals with the size of small intestine, large intestine, and anus, and also volume that contains water and food, and in Chapter 3, deals with the biological function of stomach and provides the reason that an ordinary man ought to die if he does not eat anything for seven days. Therefore this point is a very valuable material through which one can realize the degree of anatomical recognition about body of old oriental. The following result is gotten from the study of this remarks. 1. It is considered that 7 lit(three mals and five measures) is based upon the body alive not dead. 2. The whole length ,of small and large intestine-about 13m(five jang and five chuk and eight chi is calculated according to a tradition that I chuk is taken for 23.1cm during West Han dynasty) is about 3.55-5.6m longer than 8.40-9.45m in contemporary anatomy. 3. Small intestine includes a part of the duodenum, jejunum, large intestine, and large intestine is from the middle to descending colon, and anus is considered to include sigmoid colon and rectum. 4. It is not considered true that an ordinary man ought to die if he doesn't eat anything for seven days because in fact there are cases around that a few people have survived after fast for over 40 days.
아젭틴 정(염산아젤라스틴 1 mg)에 대한 아젤라 정의 생물학적 동등성
조혜영,윤지훈,서유리,오인준,이성관,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-
Azelastine, a phthalazinone derivative, is an antiallergic agent which demonstrates histamine H_1-receptor antagonist activity and also inhibits histamine release from mast cells following antigen and non-antigen stimuli. Thus, azelastine may be useful in the management of both asthma and allergic disorders. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two azelastine hydrochloride tablets, Azeptin^TM (Bu Kwang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Azela^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 22.44±2.01 years in age and 61.99±6.18㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 1㎎ of azelastine hydrochloride per tablet were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of azelastine in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets were -6.45%, -2.60% and -7.14%, respectively, when calculated against the Azeptin^TM tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_max were 96.65% and 88.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.40% and 17.65% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -14.87∼1.97 and -12.92∼7.72 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Azela^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Azeptin^TM tablet.
뇌졸중 위험인자를 가진 어지럼 환자에서의 확산강조 자기공명영상
강형구,윤유상,이진희,박인철,이경룡,정상원,구홍두,김승호 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4
Background: The management of vertiginous patients is a great challenge to emergency physicians. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a diffusion-weighted image(DWI) in differentiating central vertigo from the peripheral vertigo in patients who presented no neurological symptoms other than risk factors for stroke. Methods: From March 2000 to February 2001, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 68 patients who visited the emergency department with symptoms of isolated vertigo and who had risk factors for stroke. DWIs, computed tomograms(CT), and medical records were reviewed, and the final diagnose, the DWIs and the CT readings, the risk factors for stroke, and the time it took waiting for a DWI or CT scan were analyzed. Results: Of the 68 patients, 21(30.8%) had central vertigo: 15 vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks(VB-TIA), 4 brain stem infarctions, 1 cerebellar infarction, and 1 cerebellopeduncular infarction. The DWI showed a 28.6% sensitivity, a 97.9% specificity, and an 85.7% positive predictive value in diagnosing central vertigo. It also had a 100% sensitivity in detecting infarctions. Conclusion: A DWI had a comparable sensitivity to MRI in detecting central vertigo and small, but potentially, lethal infarctions in our patient population. We recommend clinical application of DWI in the emergency department evaluation of isolated vertigo patients with risk factors for stroke.
Interleukin-1β에 의하여 치주인대세포에서 유리된 cytokine이 파골세포형성에 미치는 영향
이종갑,곽월아,유윤정,이승일,김태선 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.1
Tooth movement is induced by bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Bone remodeling is regulated by various cytokines. Especially interleukin-1 (IL-1β), a cytokine present in periodontal ligaments of experimentally moved teeth, elicits bone resorption. In these processes, IL-1-induced bone resorption is mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating fector (GM-CSF) secreted from osteoblasts. Periodontal ligament cells, which function as an anchorage for tooth, lie between alveolar bone and cementum. Therefore cytokines produced in the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells may also directly affect alveolar bone resorption in orthodontic tooth movement. Here I have examined whether PDL cells express IL-1β,interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA and secrete those cytokines in response to IL-1β. Finally I have investigated whether IL-6 produced from PDL cells induces osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow cell cultures. The expression of mRNA was estimated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The concentration of cytokines was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent method and the osteoclasts in bone marrow cultures were identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain. As results of these studies, IL-1βstimulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF mRNA in PDL cells. 0.05 ng/ml IL-1βalso induced maximum production of Il-6 and GM-CSF in these cells. After an addition of IL-1β(0.05 ng/ml), IL-6 production increased from 2 hours to 8 hours and GM-CSF production also increased from 4 hours to 8 hours. IL-6 (100 ng/ml) increased the number of TRAP positive multinucleated cells in the presence of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R, 100 ng/ml). These results suggest that IL-1βmay stimulate alveolar bone resorption by inducing IL-6 and GM-CSF production in PDL cells which enhance osteoclast differentiation and IL-6 enhances osteoclast formation in the presence of sIL-6R. And this process by IL-1βmay be closely associated with alveolar bone resorption induced by orthodontic force.
열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구
배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2
Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.