Examining the Generative Artificial Intelligence Landscape: Current Status and Policy Strategies

강형구,문아람,전성민 한국경영정보학회 2024 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.34 No.1

This article proposes a framework to elucidate the structural dynamics of the generative AI ecosystem. It also outlines the practical application of this proposed framework through illustrative policies, with a specific emphasis on the development of the Korean generative AI ecosystem and its implications of platform strategies at AI platform-squared. We propose a comprehensive classification scheme within generative AI ecosystems, including app builders, technology partners, app stores, foundational AI models operating as operating systems, cloud services, and chip manufacturers. The market competitiveness for both app builders and technology partners will be highly contingent on their ability to effectively navigate the customer decision journey (CDJ) while offering localized services that fill the gaps left by foundational models. The strategically important platform of platforms in the generative AI ecosystem (i.e., AI platform-squared) is constituted by app stores, foundational AIs as operating systems, and cloud services. A few companies, primarily in the U.S. and China, are projected to dominate this AI platform squared, and consequently, they are likely to become the primary targets of non-market strategies by diverse governments and communities. Korea still has chances in AI platform-squared, but the window of opportunities is narrowing. A cautious approach is necessary when considering potential regulations for domestic large AI models and platforms. Hastily importing foreign regulatory frameworks and non-market strategies, such as those from Europe, could overlook the essential hierarchical structure that our framework underscores. Our study suggests a clear strategic pathway for Korea to emerge as a generative AI powerhouse. As one of the few countries boasting significant companies within the foundational AI models (which need to collaborate with each other) and chip manufacturing sectors, it is vital for Korea to leverage its unique position and strategically penetrate the platform-squared segment-app stores, operating systems, and cloud services. Given the potential network effects and winner-takes-all dynamics in AI platform-squared, this endeavor is of immediate urgency. To facilitate this transition, it is recommended that the government implement promotional policies that strategically nurture these AI platform-squared, rather than restrict them through regulations and stakeholder pressures.

한-미 텔레비전 정치광고와 후보자 토론의 언어적 메시지 분석

강형구 한국언론학회 2006 한국언론학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

11.15 지진 사례를 통한 지진피해 시설물 위험도 평가 체계 개선

강형구,윤누리,김다위,이정한,김혜원,오금호 한국지진공학회 2018 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

Post-earthquake risk assessment technique in Korea is developed in 2013 by National Disaster Management Research Institute, at the same time, related manual and standard regulation is distributed to every local government by National Emergency Management Agency. The objectives of this research are to investigate and evaluate the post-earthquake risk assessment of 9.12 Earthquake (M5.8, Gyeongju City, 2016) and 11.15 Earthquake (M5.4, Pohang City, 2017). To suggest and improve the assessment process of post-earthquake risk, first post-earthquake risk assessment method of advanced foreign countries including US, New Zealand and Japan are compared, and post-earthquake evaluation activities in 9.12 Earthquake and 11.15 Earthquake are analyzed. From the results, it is needed to expand the adapted building and structure types and strengthen the earthquake disaster response capacity of local government.

불완전계약 이론에 기반한 중소기업 정책금융의 새로운 역할 - 중소기업진흥공단의 역할과 기능 재고찰을 중심으로 -

강형구,빈기범,한병석 한국재무학회 2017 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.05

본 연구에서는 불완전계약이론(incomplete contract)을 국내 정책금융에 관한 논의 에 최초로 적용하였다. 그간 중소기업에 대한 정부의 재정자원을 활용한 정책자금 지원의 필요성에 관한 연구는 많이 있었다. 그러나 그 불완전 계약의 문제를 어떻게 해소할 것인지에 대한 연구는 상당히 부족했다. 따라서 정책자금 공급이라는 본연의 목적을 충실히 달성하면서 기존 연구의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 대안을 검토하는 것 은 학문적, 정책적으로 매우 큰 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 목적을 달성 하기 위해 불완전계약이론을 바탕으로 중소기업 정책자금 제도 개선에 관한 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 불완전계약에 기반한 새로운 정책금융 계약의 도입을 위해 정책자금 공급자(집행기관)가 가질 수 있는 법률에 근거한 권한 설정과 이의 행사를 위한 전문성 확보 관점에서 개 선방안을 제시한다. 이상의 논의를 통해 본고는 정책적, 학술적으로 다음과 같은 기여를 하였다: (i) 먼 저 중소기업과 정책금융에서 발생하는 불완전계약의 문제 해결을 위한 제도 개선 사 항을 검토하여 정책자금의 공급을 적극적으로 확대할 수 있는 이론적 근거를 제시하 였다. (ii) 이 과정에서 정책자금과 정책금융기관이라는 이분법적 접근방식이 더 이상 유효하지 않음을 논증하였다. (iii) 자금공급자의 권한 행사에 따른 지배구조 관련 시 장의 활성화를 통해 국내 자본시장의 발전에 기여할 수 있는 논거를 마련하였다. 한 편 본 연구는 정책적 시사점의 제시에 그치지 않고 국내 중소기업 정책자금 공급의 큰 축을 담당하는 중소기업진흥공단의 사례를 예로 들어 실무 적용성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 함께 검토하 였다. This study is the first to apply incomplete contract theory to policy funding in Korea. There have been many studies on the necessity of policy funding for SMEs. However, there is a lack of research on how to resolve the asymmetry of information, which is the root cause of the need. Therefore, it is a very meaningful to study alternatives that can fill the gaps of existing studies while achieving the purpose of policy funding. The purpose of this study is to derive policy implications of policy funding for SME based on incomplete contract theory. Specifically, we have proposed ways to establish legal rights of policy fund provider and secure expertise for implementing the rights. Through these discussions, we have made the following contributions. First, we review the policy improvements to mitigate the asymmetry of information and suggest the rationale for expanding the supply of policy funding. In this process, we also argued that the dichotomy of policy funding and policy fund provider is no longer valid and provided practical basis for development of domestic capital market through revitalization of market for corporate control. In addition, we have examined ways to maximize the applicability of implications with the example of SBC(Small Business Corporation). This study has significance both in regard to pioneering a new field of study related to incomplete contracts in Korea as well as providing theoretical grounds with policy funding for SMEs, which could not be supported by governments under incumbent system.

(주)에이알텍

강형구 한국조명·전기설비학회 2016 조명.전기설비 Vol.30 No.1

The Use of Lung Ultrasound in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

강형구,소효진,김덕희,구현경,박혜경,이성순,정훈 대한중환자의학회 2017 Acute and Critical Care Vol.32 No.4

Background: Pulmonary complications including pneumonia and pulmonary edema frequently develop in critically ill surgical patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly used as a powerful diagnostic tool for pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to report how LUS is used in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients who underwent LUS in surgical ICU between May 2016 and December 2016. Results: The indication for LUS included hypoxemia (n = 44, 65.7%), abnormal chest radiographs without hypoxemia (n = 17, 25.4%), fever without both hypoxemia and abnormal chest radiographs (n = 4, 6.0%), and difficult weaning (n = 2, 3.0%). Among 67 patients, 55 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary edema (n = 27, 41.8%), pneumonia (n = 20, 29.9%), diffuse interstitial pattern with anterior consolidation (n = 6, 10.9%), pneumothorax with effusion (n = 1, 1.5%), and diaphragm dysfunction (n = 1, 1.5%), respectively, via LUS. LUS results did not indicate lung complications for 12 patients. Based on the location of space opacification on the chest radiographs, among 45 patients with bilateral abnormality and normal findings, three (6.7%) and two (4.4%) patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. Furthermore, among 34 patients with unilateral abnormality and normal findings, two patients (5.9%) were finally diagnosed with pulmonary edema. There were 27 patients who were initially diagnosed with pulmonary edema via LUS. This diagnosis was later confirmed by other tests. There were 20 patients who were initially diagnosed with pneumonia via LUS. Among them, 16 and 4 patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. Conclusions: LUS is useful to detect pulmonary complications including pulmonary edema and pneumonia in surgically ill patients.

Effects of Enhanced pCO2 and Temperature on Reproduction and Survival of the Copepod Calanus sinicus

강형구,Chang-Rae Lee,김동선,유신재 한국해양과학기술원 2016 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.38 No.4

We tested the combined effects of increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and temperature on the reproduction and survival of the copepod Calanus sinicus from Asan Bay, the Yellow Sea under laboratory conditions to understand the impact of acidification on copepods. Egg production rate, survival rate, and fecal pellet production of C. sinicus were not affected by 1305 ppm pCO2 or with combined treatments of temperature and pCO2, including 8oC and 289 ppm pCO2 (ambient), 8oC and 753 ppm pCO2 (high pCO2), 12oC and 289 ppm pCO2 (high temperature), and 12oC and 753 ppm pCO2 (greenhouse), for 5 or 10 d of exposure. However, egg hatching success of C. sinicus decreased significantly in the greenhouse treatment compared with the ambient or the high pCO2 treatments. These results suggest that a combined treatment (pCO2 and temperature) affected egg viability more than a single treatment (pCO2).

각국 상속법 비교 연구 및 국내 상속법에의 함의

강형구,이창민 한국법경제학회 2014 법경제학연구 Vol.11 No.1

This paper suggests implications on the revision of current law of succession in Korea by comparing the law of succession in different countries. According to the current law of succession, each child succeeds by equal proportion of inherited estate. The legal proportion of spouse inheritance is calculated by adding 0.5 to the proportion of the child inheritance. However, compared with other countries, the legal proportion of spouse inheritance is small. In addition, in the aspects of supporting for surviving spouse and liquidation of estate, the debate on the revision of the current law of succession that would increase the legal proportion of spouse inheritance is needed. 본 논문은 각국 상속법의 비교 분석을 통하여 현행 국내 상속법의 개정방향에 대한 함의를 제공하고자 한다. 현 상속법에 따르면 피상속인이 사망한 후 생존배우자와 자녀가 공동상속인으로서 피상속인의 재산을 상속받는데 그 비율은 자녀들은 각각 동등한 비율로 상속받고 생존배우자는 자녀의 상속비율에 5할을 가산하여 상속한다. 각국 상속법 분석 결과 생존배우자의 상속분이 외국의 입법례와 비교해볼 때 부족하다. 또한 상속재산에 대한 생존배우자의 기여의 청산, 피상속인 사망 후 생존배우자의 부양 등의 관점에서 볼 때 상속배우자의 상속분을 늘리는 방향으로 현행 상속법의 개정 논의가 필요하다.

온라인 플랫폼의 분류 프레임워크: 국내 플랫폼 사례연구를 중심으로

강형구,강창모,전성민 한국정보시스템학회 2022 情報시스템硏究 Vol.31 No.1

Purpose This paper presents a new method of classifying online platforms. It also explains how to apply the framework using case studies and generate new insight about platform strategies and policy development. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the relationship between platforms, especially the hierarchy and power relations, and broadly classifies platforms as follows: content/services, meta information, app stores, operating systems, and cloud. Both the content/service platform and the meta information platform have matching as their main function. However, most content/services tend to collect and access information through meta-information platforms, so meta-information platforms are closer to infrastructure than content/service platforms. App store, operating system, and cloud can be said to be platforms of platforms. A small number of companies in the US and China dominate platforms of platforms, and become the recent development and regulatory targets of their respective governments. Findings We should be wary of the attempts to regulate domestic platforms by importing foreign regulations that ignore the hierarchical structure that our framework highlights. We believe that Korea's strategy to become a true platform powerhouse is clear. As one of the few countries with significant companies in the area of meta information platforms, it will be necessary to fully utilize the position and advance into the strategically important area of platforms of platforms. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage world-class companies to appear in Korea in the app store, operating system, and cloud. To do so, the government needs to introduce promotion policies to strategically nurture such platforms rather than to regulate them.

봄철 부산 연안의 요각류 Calanus sinicus의 길이-무게 관계식

강형구,김가람,이연정 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.44 No.3

We derived a length-weight relationship for Calanus sinicus off Busan, Korea in spring to estimate the biomass of the C. sinicus population around Korean waters, and compared it with the previously derived equations. The developmental stages and prosome length of C. sinicus used in the relationship ranged from 1,376–1,540 µm for copepodite 4 (CIV), 1,753–1,971 µm for copepodite 5 (CV), and 2,160–2,283 µm for adults (CVI). Dry weight and carbon content were measured from a total of 26 replicates. Length-weight relationships derived in the present study are as follows: log C = 3.342 log PL - 9.449, log DW = 3.394 log PL -9.219, where C is carbon content (µg), DW is dry weight (µg), and PL is prosome length (µm). When comparing the present regression equation of length-weight for C. sinicus with the previous one, our regression equation showed an average carbon estimate to a given range of mean prosome length. The length-weight relationship of C. sinicus in the present study can be used to better estimate the biomass of the C. sinicus population in the coastal waters of Korea.