한국비서자격시험의 개선점과 비교연구

남자현,이미정,이미영,이아영,정해금,최유정,이미숙,전인선,정혜림 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

백혈병 세포에서 Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 (mdr1)의 과발현이 ^99m Tc-sestaMIBI 섭취에 미치는 영향

천경아,이재태,이상우,강도영,손상균,이종기,정준기,전수한,이규보 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: To determine whether 99mTc-MIBI is recognized by the multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp), we have measured quantitatively 99mTc-MIBI uptake in cancer cells. The effects of various Pgp reversing agents on cellular 99mTc-MIBI uptake were also investigated in the presence of multidrug resistance gene-1(mdr1 gene) overexpression. Materisls and Methods: We measured percentage uptake of 99mTc-MIBI at different incubation temperatures both in mdr1 positive and negative cells. The effects of verapamil, cyclosporin, and dipyridamole on cellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI were also evaluated with or withouts overexpression of mdr1 gene in Cultured murine leukemia L1210 cells. Results: The mdr1 gene expressing cell lines were effectively induced in in vitro with continuous application of low-dose adriamycin or vincristine. Cellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI was higher in mdr1 negative L 1210 cells than those of mdr1 positive cells, and higher when incubated in 37℃ than 4℃. In the presence of verapamil, cyclosporin or dipyridamole, 99mTc-MIBI uptake was increased upto 604% in mdr1 positive cells. Conclusion: Cellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI is lower in leukemia cells over-expressing mdr1 gene, and MDR-reversing agents increase cellular uptake. These results suggest that 99mTc-MIBI can be used for characterizing Pgp expression and developing MDR-reversing agents in vitro. (Korean J Nucl Med 1999;33: 152-62)

In vivo study for the hemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of a new powder-type polysaccharide hemostatic agent

Yoonhyeong Byun,Eun Jin Kim,Areum Lee,Young-Ah Suh,Hee Ju Sohn,Jung Min Lee,Jae Seung Kang,Yoo Jin Choi,Youngmin Han,Hongbeom Kim,Wooil Kwon,Jin-Young Jang 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.102 No.2

Purpose: Various hemostatic agents have been introduced in therapy as postoperative bleeding is a poor prognostic factor for postoperative outcomes. These products can be divided into those that directly promote the hemostatic cascade and those that physically form a barrier by absorbing blood. The latter, powder-type hemostatic agents have the advantages of being inexpensive and more absorbable with less foreign body reactions (FBRs) and are applicable to a relatively wide area. This study was conducted to verify the safety and efficacy of a newly invented polysaccharide product (OOZFIX, Theracion Biomedical), which improves blood absorption and hemostatic effects. Methods: Two separate animal experiments were performed. The first evaluated FBRs histologically at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, after implantation of OOZFIX in rats, and the second compared hemostatic performance of OOZFIX and Arista AH (Bard) in the porcine liver punch biopsy model. Results: We found minimal FBRs in the 3-day group and no reactions in both the 2-week and 4-week groups after implantation of hemostatic agents. The time to hemostasis of OOZFIX was not significantly different from that of Arista AH (median [interquartile range]: 9 [6–10] minutes vs. 8 [6–10] minutes, respectively; P = 0.522). When comparing the serial bleeding grade tendency, there was no statistical difference between OOZFIX and Arista AH (P = 0.656). Conclusion: OOZFIX caused a minimal FBR that disappeared within 2 weeks in vivo, and its hemostatic performance was comparable with that of an existing agent, Arista AH. Further clinical studies are required in the future.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Predicting postoperative total calcium requirements after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism

( Byung Heon Kang ),( Soon Young Hwang ),( Jeong Yeop Kim ),( Yu Ah Hong ),( Mi Yeon Jung ),( Eun Ah Lee ),( Ji Eun Lee3 ),( Jae Bok Lee ),( Gang Jee Ko ),( Heui Jung Pyo ),( Young Joo Kwon ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: To prevent hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy (PTX), parenteral calcium is required in addition to oral calcitriol and calcium. After switching to oral calcium, patients can be discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PTX performed at a single Korean center and to investigate the associated laboratory factors used to analyze the total amount of postoperative calcium required. Methods: We enrolled 91 hemodialysis patients undergoing PTX from November 2003 to December 2011. We collected clinical and laboratory data preoperatively, 12 and 48 hours postoperatively, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: In total, 59 patients underwent PTX with autotransplantation (AT), 6 underwent total PTX without AT, 11 underwent subtotal PTX, and 15 underwent limited PTX. Total PTX without AT showed the lowest recurrence rate. At all postoperative time points, the mean levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) decreased significantly, compared with preoperative levels; however, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly from 48 hours postoperatively to discharge (p < 0.001). On multiple linear regression analysis, the total amount of injected calcium during hospitalization showed a significant correlation with preoperative ALP (p < 0.001), preoperative iPTH (p = 0.037), and Δphosphorus at 48 hours (p < 0.001). We developed an equation for estimating the total calcium requirement after PTX. Conclusions: Preoperative ALP, preoperative iPTH, and Δphosphorus at 48 hours may be significant factors in estimating the postoperative calcium requirement. The formula for postoperative calcium requirement after PTX may help to predict the duration of postoperative hospitalization.

열공성 뇌경색과 뇌내출혈의 위험인자 비교

이장준,이현아,최종환,이형,임정근,이상도,박영춘 계명대학교 의과학연구소 2000 계명의대학술지 Vol.19 No.2

Cerebral small vessel disease is the most important cause of lacunar infarction (LI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It is generally postulated that, in its early stages, the vascular lesion engenders vessel wall fragility and ICH. But if rupture dose not occur, segmental vessel occlusion evolves, producing LI. It may be a common aging phenomenon that is exacerbated by hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study was performed to evaluate risk factors of LI and ICH. We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 690 patients (254 LI, 436 ICH) with stroke who were admitted to Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center from January 1995 to December 1998. The major risk factors including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and several minor risk factors were analyzed in these patients. Older age (p<0.01), male sex(p<0.01), hypertension with treatment(p<0.01), hypertension with long duration(p<0.01) and hypertriglyceridemia(p<0.01), cigarette smoking(p<0.01) were significantly more frequent in LI. Younger age(p<0.01), female sex(p<0.01) and hypertension without treatment(p<0.01), hypertension with short duration(p<0.01) were more frequent in ICH. The prevalence, duration and treatment of diabetes mellitus were not different between these two groups. This study show that the age, sex, treatment of hypertension, duration of hypertension and cigarette smoking seem to be significant risk factors between LI and ICH.

20세기 초 현대 미술이 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인 (Visual communication design)에 끼친 영향에 관한 연구 : 입체파를 중심으로

이정아,장순석 동덕여자대학교 디자인 연구소 2001 디자인포럼21 Vol.4 No.-

현대 미술은 과거의 어떠한 모습들과도 다르게 전개되었다. 과거의 모습과는 완전히 단절된 모습을 보여주며 새로운 방향으로 나아갔다. 이러한 20세기의 현대 미술은 시각예술의 중심이 미술에서의 공리성을 중요하게 여기는 것으로 바뀌며 그것이 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인으로 발전하게 되었다. 그리고, 이제 또 다른 새로운 시대의 시작에 있는 지금 그들이 보여준 변화에 대한 대처 모습들은 앞으로 디자인이 어떠한 방향으로 나아갈 것인가에 대해서도 말해준다. 결국, 그들이 생각했고 나타내려 했던 것에 중심에는 인간이 있었다 또한 테크놀로지가 발달하고 글로벌화된 시대인 지금에도 역시 인간이 그 중심에 있다. 더불어 디자인이 추구하는 "새로움" 역시 변치 않았으며 아이디어와 컨셉을 시각적인 형태로 옮기고 정보에 질서를 부여하는 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션의 본질은 원시시대부터 지금까지 이어져 오고 있다. 20세기 초반과 21세기를 시작하는 현재의 모습은 너무도 닮아있다. 그 상황이 전개 되는 것은 각각 틀리지만, 많은 정치적, 경제적, 사회적 변화 속에 있는 것은 같은 모습을 하고 있는 것이다. 이와 같은 혼란 속에서 문화는 더욱 중요하고 예술은 문화를 윤택하게 하고 생활을 풍요롭게 아름답게 만든다. 예술은 새로운 매체를 통하여 새롭게 태어났고 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인은 20세기 초까지 미술이 했던 역할을 수행하며 발전하였다. 그러나, 그럼에도 불구하고 20세기 초에 일어났던 현대미술과 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인은 우리에게 교훈이 되고 있다. 산업혁명 이후에 인류에게 가장 큰 디지털 혁명의 시대가 되었다. 새로운 디지털 시대에 맞는 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인으로 발전되는 모습을 찾고 또 앞으로 다가올 새로운 또 다른 시대에 오래도록 남을 수 있는 비쥬얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인이 무엇인가를 20세기 초반의 모습을 살펴서 미래의 모습까지 투영해 보고 디자인이 나아갈 방향을 살펴본다. The modern arts early in the 20th century developed differently from any other form of the past. It marched toward a new direction, showing extremely broken appearance from the past. In this modern arts, the focus of visual arts changed to regard utility in arts important, which developed into a visual communication design. Among the various trends of arts early in the 20th century, especially cubism, futurism, dadaism, surrealism, and constructionism have developed centering around do stijl, laying emphasis on the art`s utilitarian aspect in human life. The prior style of them had influence on the posterior one another, assuming to reverse the thoughts like the social appearance in the 20th century. They also influenced on the current visual communication design, and these characteristics are closely related to the social phenomenon. In particular, since design is contacting the object 'consumer' at the nearest place, it cannot develop nor change if it neglects the social phenomenon. Like this, the visual communication design early in the 20th century suffered from the World War I and II, and developed in the vortex of political circumstances and values and chaos. The modern senses they showed have taken effect to us who are living in the 21st century to the full until now. And now when we are preparing another new millenium, their coping with the changes are guiding the direction to which the design should advance in the future. In the long run, there was a human being in the center of their thoughts and intentions. In addition, even now when technology has developed and globalized, there`s a human being in the center. Also the "newness" what the design pursues does not change the essence of visual communication which conveys idea and concept into a visual form and endows information with order from the primitive days until now. The appearances of that time early in the 20th century and now in the 21st century are much alike. Though the situation which has been unfolded is different each other, they assume a same appearance in lots of political, economical and social changes. In this chaos, culture becomes more important and art makes the culture more plentiful and life more affluent and beautiful. Art is born again through new medium and the visual communication design has performed the role which was played by the art until early in the 20th century. Nonetheless, the modern art and visual offers us instruction. It became an era of largest digital revolution to human kind Since the Industrial Revolution. Thus, this thesis aims at defining for the visual communication design which will fit for another new era to come and investigating the design`s way to go by projecting its appearance in the future.

팔굽관절에서 측정방법에 따른 고유수용성감각 차이

이정아,김덕화,신화경,최규환,권오윤 한국전문물리치료학회 2003 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.10 No.3

국내외 ‘영아’ 관련 연구물의 최근 동향 분석 : 2000년~2013년 발간 논문을 대상으로

이승연,권수현,권연정,김언경,나영이,유주연,최정아 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2015 교육과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine research trends in infant research published from 2000 to 2013, in order to understand overall aspects in research topics, methods, and subjects in infant research and to suggest directions for future infant research. A total of 2916 journal articles and theses/dissertations, both domestic and foreign, were selected for the analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: First, for the 14 year period, 737 domestic articles, 634 domestic theses/ dissertations, 1242 foreign articles, and 303 foreign dissertations on infant research were published, and there was a steady increase in the number of articles and theses/dissertations over the years. Second, in terms of research topics, different patterns were found between the domestic ones and the foreign ones; the topic of “education and teachers” in the domestic ones and “development” in the foreign ones occurred most frequently. Third, in terms of research methods, the domestic ones employed “survey” the most, and the foreign ones employed “experiment” the most among quantitative research methods; when analyzing the relation between methods and topics, the foreign ones showed clear matches between topics and research methods, while the domestic ones preferred “survey” regardless of the topics. Fourth, in terms of subjects/participants, “infants” were the most researched in both the domestic ones and the foreign ones, followed by “parent” and “teachers.” Among the infants, the domestic ones focused on 25~36-month olds the most, while the foreign ones focused most on 0~12-month olds. In addition, in all types of infant research, there were more single subject studies than multiple subject ones.

고무 밴드 자극과 범실횟수 기억이 탁구선수의 범실 줄이기에 미치는 효과

이에리사,이경선,성정아 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rubber band stimulation on the wrist and memorization of frequency of errors on reducing errors. The subjects were three table tennis players in a University. An alternating treatments design, one of single subject design was employed in order to examine the effect of two treatments. The following conclusion was drawn based on the results and discussion; the rubber band stimulation on the wrist and memorization of frequency of errors during training had a little influence partially on reducing players' errors. But taken as a whole, it can be said to have no effects in reducing errors. When applying error-reduction program to players, levels of technique, skill, mental maturity, and preference should be considered.