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이승연,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2019 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.9 No.3
Objective: To identify the effect of orthognathic surgery on patients’ self-esteem, effects of surgery, motivations, and perception of treatment methods. Methods: A survey was conducted in patients who received orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment, and the results of the survey were analyzed using the SAS System for Windows V 9.3 program. Results: Of the 208 respondents (83 men, 125 women), the majority of patients selected overcoming inferiority complexes and recovering self-confidence as motivations and improvements after the surgery. The improvements in self-esteem and masticatory function after orthognathic surgery were statistically significant. More than half of the respondents answered that the possibility of post-surgical effects was the factor they were most worried about before surgery. Moreover, the number of patients that felt change in pronunciation after surgery was 1.5 times more than those that did not. As for treatment methods, the majority preferred a surgery-first approach, and regarding considerations, most answered that choosing between surgery-first/orthodontic correction-first was not a decisive factor. Conclusion: The results could be used as a reference to explain treatment plans to patients requiring surgery. Subsequent studies about several variables related to the psychological effects caused by 2-jaw surgery are required.
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이승연 한국중세사학회 2023 한국중세사연구 Vol.- No.75
During the Goryeo Dynasty, Seon Buddhist temples underwent significant transformation, breaking away from ancient norms and adopting a new appearance, thanks to the influence of Seon Buddhism, the support of kings and local nobility. It developed a spatial configuration that could accommodate various functions required for the collective life of monks while maintaining its status and harmony. In recent times, easier access to historical documents and the gradual increase in excavation data have made comprehensive research possible little by little. This article focuses on the excavation findings of Seon Buddhist temples from the late Silla period to the early Joseon era, examining the key characteristics and evolutionary processes of Korean Seon temples. It also explores the significance and value of the spatial configuration of Hoeamsa Temple, a temple founded during the late Goryeo period, along with late Goryeo period historical records. The spatial configuration of Seonjongsa Temples from the late Silla period to the early Joseon era saw the preservation of some aspects of ancient layouts while differentiating the central axis and circulation systems. It expanded with the construction of various buildings centered around the beopdang, the abbot’s hall the ancestral hall, meeting the needs of monks for their practice and communal life. Notably, the formation of mutiple functional Areas through the dismantling of the upper area, the development of large meditation halls combined with ondol heating systems, and the expansion of the area centered around kitchens and storage areas are significant features. Hoeamsa Temple, a representative Seonjongsa Temple from the late Goryeo to the early Joseon era, showed similarities in terms of building hierarchy, size, orientation, and layout when compared to the buildings described in the late Goryeo documents “Suseonsahyungjian” and “Daeanasahyungjian.” As Hoeamsa Temple grew with royal support on a new site, it introduced the “garam” system, unique to large Seon temples, on top of the existing Goryeo architectural technology. This demonstrates an important empirical evidence of the introduction and adaptation of the Chinese Seon temple system, at a time when the original forms of medieval East Asian Seon temples are no longer extant.
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8세기 전후 주자학의 지역적 전개에 관한 일 고찰-정만양·정규양 형제의 「의례통고」를 중심으로
이승연 동양사회사상학회 2008 사회사상과 문화 Vol.18 No.-
This paper follows and analyzes the aspect of propagation which Josun’s Juja School took, centering around [Eui Rieh Tong Go], the work by the Chung brothers who actively played the part in the region of Young Chun, circa 18th century. The Chung brothers’ contemporary, second-half 17thcentury was not only the period in which Young Nam Southerners suffered the downfall in the political struggle, but also the time in which they suffered the economic ruin, largely due to the ascension of the commercial and manufacturing classes, and of the nouveau-landowners. While some of the Young Nam Southerners attempted to maintain their base by joining the Westerners, or sought to seize the political power via the radical method of Mu Shin Ran [military coup d’état], the Southerners emigrated to Hoeng Gieh Ri, and there they focused on academia and endeavored to raise the younger generation of scholars. Eui Rieh Tong Go may be assessed as the crystallization of their study, and it illustrates so well the development process of the contemporary Rieh Study, and their works, Hyang Rieh and Hak Rieh, which they strived to establish anew, and especially for the fact that they contain the ideals of Juja School, they are worthy of the attention. Juja School is structured with the concentric order that expands from Family to Region, to Nation, and to Universe. Although its interest in Family is original to the Confucianism, the fact that Juja poured out his passion on the establishment of Academy [Seo Won], the operation of Sang Pyung Chang, and the popularization of the Regional Medicine [Hyang Yak], in order to restructure the regional order, is worth special mentioning. It is understood that the reason why the Chung brothers focused on Hak Rieh and Hyang Rieh in the 18th century, in which the traditional local noblemen’s power rapidly declined and the despotism of the appointed officials began, reflected these characteristics of the Juja School of thought. It is for this reason that this paper follows Josun Juja School’s aspect of propagation. Therefore, the present paper seeks to summarize the overall specialties of the Oui Rieh Tong Go, and to re-illuminate the Chung brothers’ Rieh School’s historical significance or the location in history. To add one point, it is held that Josun’s commonly spoken Juja School’s commonerization or popularization was carried out by the defeated Yang Ban [Scholar Class]. The point that the defeated Yang Ban was given the task of the era, and that was one cause that Juja School of Thought could rise as the hegemonial ideology of Josun, is attempted by this paper to clarify. 이 글은 18세기 전후 영천지역을 중심으로 활약하였던 정만양·정규양 형제의 「의례통고」를 중심으로 조선 주자학의 전개양상을 추적·분석한 것이다. 정만양·정규양 형제가 살았던 17세기 후반은 영남 남인이 서인과의 정쟁에서 패배하여 정치적으로 몰락한 시기였을 뿐 아니라, 상공업 계층과 신흥지주들의 등장으로 경제적으로도 몰락한 시기였다. 그러나 일부 영남 남인들이 서인세력에 동조하여 자기 기반을 유지하려 하거나 무신란과 같은 급진적인 방법으로 정권 탈취를 기도한 반면, 정만양·정규양 형제는 횡계리로 이주하여 학문에 전념하며 후학양성에 힘썼다. 그들 학문의 결정체라고 할 수 있는 「의례통고」는 당시 예학의 발전과정을 잘 보여 줄 뿐만 아니라, 특히 그들이 새롭게 제작하고자 한 향례와 학례에는 그들이 추구한 주자학적 이상이 담겨 있다는 점에서 주목할 만한 가치가 있다. 주자학은 <가>에서 <향>·<국>·<천하>로 확대되는 원심론적 질서체제를 구비하고 있다. <가>에 대한 관심은 유교 본래의 것이라 할 수 있지만, 서원건립, 상평창 실시, 향약보급운동 등 그들이 향촌질서의 재편을 위해 쏟은 열정은 특기할 만한 일이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 전통적인 재지 사인들의 힘이 급속히 감소되고 수령들의 전횡이 시작되는 18세기, 정만양·정규양 형제가 학례와 향례에 주목한 것은 주자학의 이러한 특성을 잘 반영한 것이라 생각한다. 「의례통고」를 통해 조선 주자학의 전개양상을 추적하고자 함은 이 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 「의례통고」의 전체적인 특성을 개괄하면서 그들의 예학사상이 지니는 사상사적 의의나 위치를 재조명하고자 한다. 한 가지 부언하여 두고 싶은 것은 흔히 일컬어지는 조선에 있어서 주자학의 서민화 내지 민중화는 이 정권으로부터 소외된 재지 사인들에 의해 수행되었다는 것이다. 이들에게 일종의 시대적 과제를 부여하였다는 것, 그것이 또한 주자학이 조선을 지배하는 지배이념으로 성장할 수 있었던 한 원인이었음을 본 논문은 아울러 밝히고자 하였다.
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