정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

慢性骨髓炎 瘻孔周圍病巢에 合倂한 扁平上皮癌의 二例 : Report of two cases

鄭仁熙,朱珽彬,金光會,鄭淳萬 醫藥係社 1965 綜合 醫學 Vol.10 No.8

정도전의 유학사상에 대한 교육론적 고찰 : 「虛」의 學에서 「實」의 學으로의 사고 전환과 그 의미

정광희 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 1999 교육과학연구 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구는 학국 교육사상가 연구 활성화 노력의 일환으로서, 조선 초 교육의 중요성을 인식하고 그 제도적 틀을 마련한 삼봉의 사상을 교육의 관점에서 검토하고, 그것이 갖는 교육사적 의미와 현대교육적 시사점을 논의한 것이다. 이 연구에서는 삼봉의 교육사상적 기초가 배불론(排佛論)에 있음을 주목하고, 교육의 관점에서 그의 대표적인 저서『불씨잡변』『심기리편』등의 내용에 대한 분석을 기초로 그의 교육론을 고찰하였다. 이 연구의 성과는 크게 두 가지로 요약된다.하나는 그의 배불론이「허」학을 반대하는「실」학적 사고를 전제한 것이라는 사실을 밝힌 점, 다른 하나는 삼봉의 실학적 관저미 그의 교육론의 기초라고 하는 인식 위에서 그의 사상을 교육목적론, 학자론, 교육방법론으로 정리한 점이다.특히, 그의 교육론 중 그의 직분론에서 언급된「사」론이 갖는 교육사적 의미와, 도법이나 숫자를 활용한 교육 내용 정리 방법과 의인적 표현과 비교방법, 문답법, 예시법등이 시사하고 있는 교수방법적 의미를 논의함으로써 향후 삼봉 교육론에 대한 다양한 논의의 가능성을 열어 놓고 있다. This study examined the philosophical ideas of Sambong(Chung Do-jeon) whose role outstood in the establishment of the educational system in early Chosun Dynasty, to interpret their meanings in the context of Korean educational history and to seek for a modern implication. Particularly focusing on the fact that Sambong's educational thoughts were guided by his 'Bae-Bul-Ron' or 'anti-Buddhism', related texts such as Bul-shi-jap-byon(佛氏雜辨) and Sim-Ki-Ri-pyon(心氣理篇), which are among his major works, were analyzed from an educational perspective. The findings of this study can be summarized into two. First, by analyzing Sambong's anti-Buddhist thought it is clarified in this paper that his philosophy aimed at an 'practical learning(or Shil-hak 實學) as opposed to the 'false learning(Huh-hak 虛學) of Buddhism. Second, Sambong's ideas are reinterpreted in terms their implications on 'educational purpose, educated person(儒者), educational methods' so as to reveal the basis of his educational ideas based on 'practical learning'. Particular efforts were proposed educational methods - using drawings, numbers, personification of things, comparison and catechism - to further the understanding of Sambong's thought in a more diverse context.

멀티미디어/하이퍼미디어 정보부호화를 위한 MHEG 엔진의 설계

정광수 光云大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The MHEG standard provides and encoding for multimedia/hypermedia information to be used and interchanged by applications in a wide range of domains. In this paper, we have designed the engine that interprets MHEG objects encoded according to the encoding specifications of the MHEG standard. To develop the architecture of the engine, we analyzed the existing multimedia server systems and the international standardization activities related to the MHEG. Based on our analysis, the general architecture and functional modules are designed. We have also developed the hardware and software platform for the implementation of the MHEG engine.

초기 다발성 신경병증의 진단에 족지간 신경전도검사의 유용성에 관한 연구

이광우,이성현,정재면 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

北韓婚姻法과 中共婚姻法에 관한 比較考察

鄭光洙 江陵大學統一問題硏究所 1986 統一問題硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The writer attempted to compare North Korea Marriage Law with Communist China Marriage Law in this paper, particularly the writer made a study of the differences, important contents and practical applications in both. North Korea Marriage Law and Communist China Marriage Law. The Communist movements between North Korea and Communist China got in shape as a part of their nationalistic liberalization movement. So the two nations hurried legislation of marriage law which would destroy their traditional family systems, but in spite of their new marriage laws, practically it was always not denied that Communist Party Policy got ahead of Law in the tow nations. Finally the writer summarized the similarities and differences in the Marriage Laws of North Korea and Communist China. For instance, for the first time the principal similarities are the principles of equity of man and woman, free of marriage and divorce, and protection of wife and children etc. For the second time the differences are that Communist China has come to own rather welltrimmed marriage Law, while North Korea is still far from having such one, and that Communist China has the principle of planned birth, not only the contractual divorce, system but also the divorce system by family court, while North Korea has not. From this fact, the writer concluded that Communist China Marriage Law is surely ahead of North Korea Marriage Law.

녹농균 외독소에 반응하는 단일클론항체의 생산과 특성

정용훈,조양자,박장환,한왕수,김광남 한양대학교 의과대학 1991 한양의대 학술지 Vol.11 No.2

Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be the most lethal and the most extensively studied product among its virulence factors. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 103 were derived from the fusion of myeloma cell with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified exotoxin A. Total of 582 hybridomas were screened and selected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among these 39 clones positive for binding to exotoxin A were obtained and fusion-specific efficiency was turned out to be 6.7%. All antibody isotypes were represented (immunoglobulins G, and M) as determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hybridomas were selected and cloned by limiting dilution and agarose methods, obtaining 1 IgG? and 11IgG? clones. The specificity of the monoclonal andtidodies for exotoxin A was demonstrated by the immunoblotting technique. They bound 66kilodalton (KDa) exotoxin band and 45KDa fragment B portion. The protective ability of anti-exotoxin A monoclonal antibody was demonstrated in vitro by toxin neutralization. Ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody producing hybridoma was able to neutralize at maximum 100 dilution to CHO cell cytotoxicity by 2ng of Pseudomonas ceruginosa exotoxin A and 60% increase in survival rate has been obtained through passive immunization by using anti-exotoxin A monoclonal antibody (IgG?) in mice injected 300ng of exotoxin A. And its in vivo and in vitro protective activities were appeared to reside in tis selective affinity and specificity to fragment B of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.

철도차량운전면허제도 도입에 따른 모의운전연습기의 활용방안에 관한 연구

鄭光宇 한국철도대학 2005 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Korea National Railroad College developed a new generation education/training railway simulator. A driver's console is given to each student in a class of 6 students. The driver's console is a small-sized simulator for railway crew training use; monitoring and controlling are designed be simply conducted by one instructor only. In addition to the typical Cab equipment, simulated visual equipment through real time computer graphics, simulated sound generator and other simulating functions in each driver console, a structure, driving laws and regulations is also built-in. The instructor console is connected with each driver console through a local area network(LAN). Driving skill and result of each student are automatically diagnosed and statistically recorded. Thus, the student is able acquire driving qualification within a realistic and interesting driving environment. Additionally the instructor can grasp the learning level of students in real-time, with less burden on the instructor.

국내외 기관사 훈련 프로그램의 현황 및 문제점

鄭光宇 철도전문대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The use of simulators for driver training has led to a new approach to training. It is no longer the instructor who possesses the knowledge as such : he relies on new pedagogical experiences - the concept of discovery in particular - and on this type of tool to encourage trainees to find their feet and assimilate the procedures that are to be applied. Driving simulators therefore make a contribution of the utmost importance to the different phases of driver training, including the acquisition of knowledge and knowhow, an understanding of operating systems and the validation of competencies. However, this does require considerable discipline in the use of these tools and means that instructors must be professionally skilled in both technical and pedagogical spheres. Drawback of traditional training Traditioal training consistes of : - oral messages (lecture-style lessions), - written messages (trade documents with instructions), - support and guidance under the supervision of an instructor. Drawback Acquisition process is almost exclusively mental Instructor assistance only allows the trainee to experience standard situation, which account for a very small proportion of the total instruction. Acquisition is therefore virtually never gestural(almost as if someone had to learn to swim from a book). Acquisition process is not interactive The trainee is not called upon to react (unless questioned by the instructor) and most therefore use his entire concentration to assimilate a purely mental task. Acquisition process is not personalised The trainee is one of a group of learners and the of learning is imposed by the instructor. Trainee has no means of self-appraisal Other than the written tests and questions posed orally by the instructor, the trainee has no means of evaluation his progress.

미국의 이혼법에 관한 연구

鄭光洙 江原大學校 比較法學硏究所 2005 江原法學 Vol.20 No.-

Divorce is the legal termination of a marriage in the United States. But in some states, divorce is called dissolution or dissolution of marriage. A divorce or dissolution servers a marriage. This discussion refers to civil annulments; within the Roman Catholic Church, a couple may obtain a religious annulment after obtaining a civil divorce, in order for one or both spouses to remarry. It has now been more forty years since California, in late 1960s, launched the modern-day reform movement in divorce laws by adoption the first no-fault divorce law in the United States and eliminating the concept of fault in marriage dissolution actions. The no-fault movement was premised on the idea that the removal of fault as a basis for divorce would significantly reduce the amount of personal animosity and bitterness typically associated with divorce. While the actual terminology of no-fault grounds may vary from state to state, they share a common theoretical basis allowing for the dissolution of marriages deemed no longer viable, regardless of cause, rather than requiring that dissolution be granted only if based on the fault of one of the parties. Following California's lead, in August, 1970, the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act (UMDA) was proposed by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, recommending that the sole ground for divorce should be a finding of irretrievable breakdown of marriage. Delays in obtaining an endorsement of the UMDA by the American Bar Association meant that states eager to reform their divorce laws to the California legislation or early versions of the UMDA for guidance. The focus of this article is to examine the historical development and current status of one particular no-fault divorce issue associated with the dissolution of a marriage. A comparison of approach to no-fault divorce law in the United States with fault divorce law in the Korea should highlight the debate on these important issues of public policy.