Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구

이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1

산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.

工業敎育大學 敎育改善에 관한 硏究(Ⅲ)

宋周鎬,李昌岬,洪元杓,孟琦錫,任洪彬,李廷玟,李載元,李來烈,權五憲,金振淳,李文洙 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1982 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims at providing a concrete plan to improve technical and vocational teacher education in the College of Industrial Education of Chungnam National University. It is intended to propose a practical four-year regular and short-term course. Also, the estimated required facilities is included in this study as well as their management. The main conclusions and recommendations are summarized as follows; 1) The numbers of students enrollment should be reduced to 220 students which is the approximate number of future demand. 2) In order to offer to the students a broader education and to cope with the increase/decrease in demand of technical and vocational teacher within a specific field, the 8 department existing at the present (Department of Architecture Engineering Education, Civil Eng. Educ., Metallurgical Eng. Educ., Mechanical Eng. .Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Electronic Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.) would be combined into 5 (Department of Construction Engineering Education, Mechanical Eng. Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.). 3) The short-term course program is recommened to provide additional training and education to those candidates who already have experience in technical fields to meet an occasional demand. 4) It is necessary to add the Teaching Profession Section in the administrative organization of the College.

임플란트 식립후 발생한 동통성 지각이상의 미세외과적 처치와 경과

김명래(Myung Rae Kim),이원호(Won Ho Lee),최장우(Chang Woo Choi),정현주(/Hyun Ju Chung) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1998 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Purpose : This study is to examine the painful dysesthesia of lip & gingiva followed after implant surgeries and to evaluate the prognosis of microsurgical epineurotomy & tubulization with e-PTFE tubes. Method : Three patients who had been suffered from painful anesthesia and dysesthesia following dental implant surgeries were examined periodically and followed for over 1 year after epineurotomy and e-PTFE tubulization. Neurosensory dysfunctions were examined by Static Light Touch Threshold, Moving Direction Discrimination, Two Point Discrimination, Pin-Prick Nociception Visual Analog Scales and Tinel sign. The subjective symptoms were confirmed by SSEP and DITI prior to surgical exploration. Result : Two patients complained of continuous tearing and lancinating pain disclosed complete avulsion of IAN and degenerative changes with neuroma. One patient complained of mild painful dysesthesia revealed partial adhesion & fibrous epineural changes. Two patients whose IAN were explored after over 1 year resulted in only mild improvement in sensory recovery and moderate reduction of pain score. While the patient to whom decompression & epineural repair were given in 3 months after nerve injuries resulted in satisfactory improvement in sensory function and pain reduction. Conclusion : Painful dysesthesias occurred after implant placement were resulted from neurotmesis and disclosed degenerative neuropathy. Therefore, the micro-surgical explorations and repairs (epineurotomy, decompression neurolysis, and neurorrhaphy) can be recommended for known injuries as early as possible. For the delayed painful dysesthesia lasted over one year, however, epineurotomy & tubulization could be an option to improve the painful discomfort but not satisfactory.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

신경회로망을 이용한 인쇄체 한글 인식에 관한 연구

장래복,이근영 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

본 논문에서는 신경회로망을 이용한 인쇄체 한글 문자의 인식에 대해서 연구하였다. 입력 방식은 스캐너를 사용하였고 문자 분리 및 세선화과정을 거친후 자모를 분리하였다. 배율 조정과 음영부호 방식을 사용하여 데이터를 압축하였고 모음과 자음을 분리하여 역전파 신경회로망을 학습하였으며, 실험 결과 자음과 모음 각각에 대하여 98%의 인식율을 얻을 수 있었다. This paper describes recognition of printed KOREAN characters using multilayer perceptrons. Scanned image is segmented and thinned as preprocessings. Through normalizing the size of the character patterns and obtaining shadow codes from each segmented patterns, input data of the neural network are reduced significantly. Two separate networks are used to train the vowel and consonant patterns respectively and trained by using back propagation algorithm. Result of this method showed same recognition rate of about 98% on both vowel and consonant characters.

석탄 비산재로부터 제올라이트의 합성 및 중금속 흡착능 평가

이창훈,유지호,신형상,정일래 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.3

본 연구에서는 국내 영동화력발전소에서 발생하는 석탄 비산재(coal fly ash)로부터 KOH 용액을 사용한 수열반응을 통하여 제올라이트를 합성하고 중금속 흡착능을 평가하였다. 수열 합성 실험은 일정온도 조건 (100 ℃)에서 알칼리농도([KOH]:1 ~ 4 N), 고액비(S/L: 1/2 ~ 1/20 g/cm³) 및 반응시간 (1 ~ 96 hrs) 등의 합성조건을 달리하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 [KOH] = 3 ~ 4 N, 고액비(S:L) = 1:5 ~ 1:10, 반응시간 48 ~ 96 hr에서 200 ~ 240meq/100g의 CEC 값을 가진 제올라이트 생성물을 얻었다. XRD 분석결과 주요 결정상은 K-Chabazite이었으며 약 40%의 결정도를 보였다. 혼합 중금속(Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb)용액 (개별 중금속 농도 100mg/L, pH 5.0)을 대상으로 한 제올라이트 생성물의 중금속 흡착능르 평가한 결과, 제올라이트 첨가량 3g/200ml 이상에서 모든 중금속에 대하여 95% 이상의 제거율을 보였으며, 타 흡착제(천연제올라이트, 상업용 이온교환수지 등)와의 비교에서도 우수한 흡착능을 보였다.

미세 펄스 전압을 이용한 마이크로 전해가공에 관한 연구

조창래,백승엽,이은상 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Electrochemical micromachining which is not normally considered as a precision process is presented in this paper. The application of voltage pulses between a tool electrode and a workpiece in an electrochemical environment allows the three-dimensional machining of conducting materials with micrometer precision. In this paper tool-electrodes(5μm in diameter, l㎜ in length) are developed by electrochemical micromaching and micro holes are manufactured using this tool-electrodes we developed already. Micro holes are achieved the accuracy below 50μm in diameter using ultrashort voltage pulses(0.1-5μs).

國際比較分析을 통한 韓國勞使關係의 方向探索

朴來榮,丁海本,李 均,林昌喜 홍익대학교 경제연구소 1989 經濟硏究 Vol.5 No.-

진폐진행정도에 따른 혈청내 구리와 아연 농도의 변동

박정래,박종욱,이수일,이철호,오차재,김창원,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 진폐증은 분진으로 인해 인체의 면역기전이 작용하여 폐섬유화가 진행되는 질환으로, 인체의 면역기전에 작용하는 구리와 아연은 진폐증의 병리적인 진행과정인 폐섬유화에 관여한다. 본 연구의 목적은 초기진폐증 유소견자와 진행된 진폐증 환자의 혈청 구리와 아연의 농도를 정상인과 비교함으로써 체내 구리와 아연의 농도가 진폐증의 섬유화의 진행정도에 따라 변동함을 밝히고, 이를 이용하여 폐섬유화의 진행정도를 추정할 수 있는 지표를 제시하고자 한다. 방 법 : 진폐정밀기관에 내원한 초진내 원자 100명과 진폐요양기관에 입원한 진폐증 환자 100명을 선정한 후 흥부사진소견을 ILO 분류법의 진폐진행정도에 따라 각각 세 군(Stage Vl, V2, V3 & Stage Pl, P2, P3)으로 구분한 후 각 군의 혈청구리와 아연의 농도를 비교분석하였다. 대조군으로는 폐결핵, 심근경색, 뇌경색을 경험한 적이 없는 일반인 100명을 선정하였다. 결 과 : 초진내 원자군의 혈청 구리농도는 섬유화의 진행단계에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였으며, Stage V3에서 가장 높았다. 입원환자군에서는 혈청 구리농도가 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는데 (p=0, 152), 이는 입원환자의 불량한 영양상태와 건강상태 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 초진내원자군과 입원환자군의 혈청 아연농도는 섬유화의 진행에 따라 통계적인 차이를 보였으며, Stage V2와 Stage P2, P3에서 각각 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청 아연과 구리농도의 비또한 양군에서 섬유화의 진행에 따라 의미있게 높았는데, 섬유화가 현저히 진행된 단계 (Stage V3, Stage P2, P3)에서 대조군과 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 결 론 : 초진내 원자와 입원환자의 혈청 Cu/zrl 비는 섬유화의 진행정도가 현저할수록 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 진폐증 환자들의 혈청 Cu/zn 비는 진폐증의 폐섬유화의 진행정도를 추정함에 있어 상당히 유용한 지표로 이용될 수 있으며, 폐섬유화의 진행과정에서의 혈청 구리와 아연의 작용기전을 이용한 치료방법의 마련에도 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다. Objectives : Copper and Zinc, the trace elements of a living body, take a part in immunologic mechanism and induce the pulmonary fibrosis which is the pathologic progress of pneumoconiosis. This study was performed to assist the identification of the pathologic process of pulmonary fibrosis in pneumoconiosis. Methods : The subjects of thls study was 200 diagnosed persons as pneumoconiosis, of whom 700 persons was the visitors in the outpatients departments of pneumoconiosis and 100 admissive pneumoconiosis patients. The serum copper and zinc are measured and compared. Results : The mean serum copper concentration of visitor group was significantly higher than that of control group, and that of stage V3 subgroup of visitor group was highest because of their advanced fibrosis. But, there was not the difference of serum copper concentration between patient and control group. We thought that the reason was poor nutritional and health status of the patient. The mean of serum zinc concentration of visitor and patient control was lower than that of control group. As the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was more severe from stage Vl, V2, V3 of visitor to stage Pl, P2, P3 of patient, the mean of serum zinc concentration was lower. The ratio of serum copper/zinc of visitor and patient was higher than that of control, and that of patient was higher than that of visitor. Those results showed that the ratio of serum copper/zlnc ratio more greatly expressed the degree of progression of pneumoconiosis than only copper or zinc concentration by adjustment of nutritional and health status of the patient. Conclusions : As above study results, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis of pneumoconiosis could be estimated by means of serum copper/zinc ratio.