상아질에 적용된 재 습윤제가 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

강희영,조영곤,김종욱,박병철,유상훈,진철희,최희영,기영재 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

This study investigated that the effect of rewetting agent on dentinal microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Human molars were sectioned to expose the superficial dentin surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups according to type of adhesives-Single Bond (S) and One-Step (0)], and again subdivided into five groups by different dentin surface treatment-dry for 15s (D) , blot dry (BD) or dry for 15s, and rewet with different rewetting agents[distil1ed water (DW), Gluma Desensitizer (GD) and Aqua-Prep (AP)]for 30s. After application of adhesive, composite resin was built up on the bonding surface. Each tooth was sectioned to obtain stick with 1mm^(2) cross sectional area and the μTBS was determined by EZ test. In the S group, the mean μTBS of GD, AP and BD group was significantly higher than that of DW and D group (p < 0.05). In the 0 group, the mean μTBS of AP, GD, BD and DW group was significantly higher than that of D group (p < 0.05). The data suggested that Gluma Desensitizer and Aqua-Prep could be successfully used as rewetting agents, and Distilled water could be acceptable in aceton based adhesive system only.

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

24주간 추적하는 임상 연구에서 한국인 남자 알코올 의존 환자의 비재발률

강철중,김성곤,남궁기,조동환,이병욱,최인근,최용성,박성봉,제영묘,김현경,김성연 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objetives : In order to provide useful data tbr the further clinical studies with Korean alcohol-dependent patients, enrollment and non-relapse rates were investigated while alcohol-dependent patients wcre followed up for 24 weeks. Methods : The subjects of this study were alcohol-dependent male patients who, for the first time, visited a hospital among 3 groups of hospitals, University Hospital, General Hospital or Mental Hospital, or those who needed to be followed up after discharge from those hospitals. After assigning 12 subjects to each hospital, we investigated enrollment and non-relapse rates while cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy were provided. Results : 1) Forty-eight patients were enrolled and the rate of enrollment was 36.4%. The enrollment rate in the University Hospital group was 52.1%, in the General Hospital group 50.0%. and in the Mental Hospital group 10.4%. 2) In 48 patients, non-relapse rate was 27.1% at 12 week and 18.8% at 24 weeks after starting follow-up. It was 24.4% and 20.0% at 12 and 24 weeks, repectively, in the University Hospital group while the General Hospital group showed 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, and the Mental Hospital Group showed 20.0% at both 12 and 24 weeks. Conclusion : These results provide important data for further clinical studies of Korean alcohol-dependent patients.

Trioctylamine에 의한 유기산의 추출

강안수,이병철,이한섭,안형환,이영주,류운형 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

For elucidation of various parameter's effect on the reactive extraction of organic acidstrioctylamine(TOA)-diluents system, the association model, equilibrium constants and extraction factors(loading) were investigated . The organic acids rosed were propionic. succinic, masonic, and benzoic acid. Extractant was tertiary amine, TOA and diluents were butylaeohol, hexane, and benzene. It was concluded that the loading of monobasic acid of propionic acid were higher than that of dibasic acids of oxalic, and malonic acid with extranctant TOA. In the extraction of monobasic acid the extraction factor was not affected by the initial concentration of extractant amine, but in the extraction of dibasic acids the extraction factor was getting better with decreasing the initial concentration of amine. There was a strong effect of diluents upon the extractien factor, and the order of these factor was as shown below: xylene<Benzene<butylalcohol<choloroform<methylisobutylketone.

정신분열병 환자에서 Olanzapine이 인지기능에 미치는 영향

강병조,김양태,김문두,이승재,박영우 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

Objects : The purpose of this study was to test the effects of olanzapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subjects were 16 haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients and 15 risperidone-medicated schizophrenic patients, who participated in an eight-week crossover study from haloperidol and risperidone to olanzapine. Results : The patients in the group of crossover from haloperidol to olanzapine showed significant improvement in Parkinson scale of ESRS and other cognitive functions except for verbal fluency. Negative scale of PANSS and cognitive functions such as verbal memory, verbal fluency, visual memory and executive function were significantly improved in patients In the group of crossover from risperidone to olanzapine. Conclusions : These data suggest that olanzapine has some superior cognitive benefits relative to haloperidol and risperidone, but a larger sample replication study is necessary.

레크리에이션 활동이 정신지체아의 사회적 기술과 문제행동에 미치는 효과

강병일,추근도,최경훈,박기용,박병규 한국특수체육학회 2004 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of recreation program applied to the mentally retarded children on their social skill and problem behavior. The subjects of the study were the mentally retarded children who were attending at J middle school for special education in Andong-city, Kyungpook Province and the children were divided into two groups; experimental and comparative groups. Research design was as follows; the input of recreation activities was designated as independent variables, male and female mentally retarded children group was determined as object variables, and social skill and problem behavior was subject variables. After the pre-tests on the scales of the sampling children's social skill and problem behavior were carried out, experimental group was applied to the recreation program and comparative group was taught as a usual time and then the post-tests was performed. t Examination was used to identify the differences according to the results from post-tests and the data were processed by SPSS 10.0(Statistical Package for the Science) statistics program. The results from the above research were as follows; First, the mentally retarded children applied to the recreation program had a positive effect on their social skill. Second, the application of the program also had a positive effect on their problem behavior. From the results of this study, my suggestions were First, the follow-up research should be provided to identify the effect of recreation program on the children being various levels. Second, the range of research should be expanded, so the consistent research on children of kindergarten or after-elementary school should be followed. Third, the succeeding research on the long-term transfer of the program's effect should be continued. Forth, other programs(or strategies) could attribute to the promotion of the mentally children's social skill and the improvement of their problem behavior. Fifth, the research capable of inducing their activities after understanding the students' traits, interest degree on the subjects and so on should be made. Finally, each agencies or schools should develop and apply more systematic recreation program and also try to develop a system which could be classified and applied to recreation fields suitable for the individuals' traits.

모 축전지 회사 근로자들의 연폭로 지표에 대한 경시적 관찰

강명식,김용배,이용진,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1998 순천향산업의학 Vol.4 No.1

Lead poisoning is still prevalent and one of important occupational disease in Korea. To prevent undue high lead burden and maintain good health condition of lead workers in lead using industries, periodic health examination and regular biological monitoring of lead workers are often required in addition to the fundamental improvement of their working condition. To evaluate the effect of comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring on the level of lead exposure of lead workers in lead using industries, 11 year database from 1983 to 1994 of one storage battery factory was reviewed. From 1983 to end of 1986 only periodic health examination was provided to the lead workers, but from 1987 comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring was provided to maintain better health condition of lead workers. Selected study variables for lead exposure were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in blood(ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine(ALAU), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(HCT). Information on sex, age and work duration was also reviewed. 5 years data from 1983 to 1987 and 3 years data from 1990, 1993 and 1994 were available for all lead exposure indices except ALAU which has only 5 years data from 1983 to 1997. The results of 11 years longitudinal observation of lead indices are all follows: 1. The mean value of ZPP of lead workers in 1983 was 148.7±73.1 ㎍/㎗(Male: 145.5±72.3, Female: 168.1±79.1), whereas that of ZPP of lead workers in 1994 was decreased to 64.3±32.7 ㎍/㎗(Male: 60.2±28.8, Female: 95.2±43.4). 2. The mean value of PbB of lead workers in 1983 was 56.4±18.8 ㎍/㎗(Male: 55.59±19.1, Female: 59.6±19.1), whereas that of PbB of lead workers in 1994 was dcreased to 35.4±11.9 ㎍/㎗(Male: 35.7±12.0, Female: 32.8±10.8). 3. The mean value of Hb of lead workers in 1983 was 14.1±1.4 g/㎗(Male: 14.4±1.1, Female: 11.7±0.8), whereas that of Hb of lead workers in 1994 was increased to 15.6±1.5 g/㎗(Male: 15.9±1.2, Female: 12.9±1.1). 4. Blood lead is most highly correlated with ZPP(r=0.522, male:0.54 and female:0.50) and also correlated with ALAU and work duration also. 5. The simple regression analysis of PbB and ZPP showed different coefficient of regression by the measurement year, but there was no difference of coefficient of regression between sex. The slope of equation of pooled data for 1983-1986 without comprehensive occupational health program was 2.16 and differed from that of pooled data for 1987-1994(1.25). This difference suggests that the unit effect of blood lead on ZPP was relatively smaller in later period of comprehensive occupational health program than carly period without comprehensive program. The slope change in the analysis of linear regression of PbB on ZPP in lead workers can be used to evaluate the possible effect of health intervention to prevent undue high lead absorption in lead using industries. 6. 11 years occupational health service in this storage battery factory brought out considerable improvement of health status of lead workers in terms of decrease of PbB and ZPP and increase of Hb and the improvement was more remarkable after the introduction of comprehensive occupational health program.

저가 후막 EL소자 제조 및 신뢰성 평가

강계원,김대연,이영훈,강봉석,박정현,최병호 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

AC powder electroluminescence(EL) device consists of seven layers : PET substrate, transparent electrode, phosphor layer, dielectric layer, two layer metal electrodes and protective layer. Etch layer needs to control to improve electrical and optical properties. Both phosphor and dielectric layer among them is more important to increase its properties. For long-time reliability, proper choices of passivation and sealing material are essential. In this paper, influence of phosphor and dielectric layer thickness on EL performance is studied. Type of cellulos is selected as a sealing material to avoid moisture. To add two type of plasticizer to resin improves flexibility and passivation of EL devices. Through this experiments, technologies of fabrication low-cost thick film EL device can be established.