人工甘味料의 合成過程에 對한 再考

박숙자,안송자,유영자,윤정자,윤종은,이명재,정규영,황민자 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1963 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.4

동아시아에서 사회주의 인민의 표상 정치

朴姿映(Park Ja-young) 중국어문학연구회 2007 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.47

In the 1970s, the cold war system created the reconciliation between two camp(capitalist and socialist). However, the cold war system still had the hold on the local level and controlled over every sphere of politics, economy and culture. The famous journalist and sinologist, Lee Young-hee's discourse on the Socialism China has just come into being in this split. His discourse was interfered in the rupture of in-between local-international cold war logic and performed the practice that connected the nation to the outer world. Especially, the discourse on the Socialist China People became the major reference system that could think of the topic of subject constitution, who was oppressed strongly and invisible in Korea of the 1970s. Through my analysis, I investigated that his discourse revealed the problematic of the cold war system and its culture. And I examined that his discourse showed the process that took the issue regarding the 'nation' or 'people' as the problem of new subject formation. Lee's discourse captured the logic and culture problem of system in the total perspective that encompassed and overcame the nation-state level. Specifically, his discourse tried to disclose cultural logic of cold war system and subvert the official and dominant thinking by borrowing the inversion logic, that is he acknowledged his discourse as the hypothesis. On the other hand, meanwhile Lee's discourse concentrated on the use of observation language and the translation practice, it also paid attention to the process of the generation and construction of the subject who accepted reciprocally. It was definitely different from the practice of official discourse. The reality regarding Socialist Chinese people could observe the process of the generation and transformation of the subject. By the medium of Korean society. the Socialist Chinese people could leap into the universal ideal type.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

젊은 남성에서 성정체성에 대한 고환의 영향 : 지역 기반 조사 Community-Based Survey

구자현,김민의,이남규,박영호 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.2

We investigated the influence of testis on the gender identity in late adolescent Korean males dwelling in a community. Of 27,202 men aged 20 years dwelling in the community, 2,700 men were randomly selected at a 10.0% sampling fraction. A total of 2,080 men who agreed to participate in the study and all volunteers underwent a standard evaluation. For the evaluation of influences of testis on the gender identity, we used the Bem Sex Role Inventory in the subjects who had testis torsion, testis injury of cryptorchidism as well as with no testicular disease. They were categorized as group 1; normal testis size, group 2; testis atrophy, and group 3; no testis in the scrotum. The median masculinity scores of group 1, 2 and 3 were not significantly different (group 1; 4.3 [3.65.0], group 2; 3.9 [3.1-4.5] and group 3; 4.6 [4.0-5.1], p=0.065). Regarding the femininity score, there were no differences among groups (group 1; 4.6 [4.0-5.1] versus group 2; 4.5 [3.9-4.8] and group 3; 4.6 [4.2-4.9], p=0.609). In group 3, the masculinity and femininity scores were not also different between of men underwent orchiectomy and did not undergo correction of cryptorchidism. We did not find the impact of testis on gender identity in our cohort. Additional research is needed to clarify the underlying psychopathology involved.

인터넷 중독 청소년들의 정신병리 및 대처 방식

안영균(Young Kyun Ahn),신영철(Young Chul Shin),고복자(Bok Ja Koh),심진현(Jin Hyun Shim),김범조(Bum Jo Kim),이승민(Seung Min Lee),이길홍(Kil Hong Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2005 중독정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in psychopathology and coping strategies among internet addictors, over users and non addictors in high school students. Subjects were 273 high school students in Seoul city. Self rating questionnaires included demographic data, Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, SCL-90-R, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and The Way of Coping Strategy. Subjects were classified into 3 groups (addiction, over use, non addiction) by Internet Addiction Scale score. Prevalence of internet addiction was 4.3% and male adolescents were more addictive than female. Students who were mainly involved with internet chatting or game showed higher internet addiction score. The addiction group and over use group showed higher level of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoia than non-addicted group. Addiction group and over use group used passive coping strategies more frequently in the stressful situation than nonaddicted group. Also, the regression analysis for finding out causal factors that predicts internet addiction showed that emotion relieving strategy were important variable which predict internet addiction. Interpersonal sensitivity and emotion relieving coping strategy was important to predict addiction. This study showed that problematic internet use was closely associated with psychopathology and psychiatric comorbidity. And high interpersonal sensitivity and emotion relieving coping strategy were related with internet addiction in adolescence.

성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석

서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.

비지시적 지도방법에 의한 유아의 읽기와 쓰기 행동의 발달

이영자,이종숙 德成女子大學校 1985 德成女大論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Many studies(Clay, 1972; Rossman, 1980; Hildebreth, 1936; Schickedanz, 1978) showed that young children's reading-writing behaviors develop through certain fixed stages. To investigate whether Korean childern also follow similar developmental stages of reading, the authors of this study revised Clay and Rossman's reading development stages according to the results of a pilot study and proposed six hierachical stages of reading development. They are: (1) pre-reading stage, (2) making-up stage, (3) paraphrasing stage, (4) the stage of paraphrasing plus repeating actual words by memory, (5) the stage of paraphrasing plus reading actual words of the text, and (6) the stage of reading actual words of the text. The authors also proposed that there are two transitional stages between stages 1 and 2 and stages 5 and 6. The authors also revised the Hildebreth and Schickedanz' writing development stages as follow: (1) scribbling stage, (2) the stage of appearance of one or two distinctive features of print, (3) the stage of appearance of intentional markings that look like actual alphabet letters, (4) the stage of creating actual letters, (5) the stage creating actual words, and (6) the stage of creating sentences. The main purpose of this study were to see whether the development of reading and writing behavior followed the hypothesized stages in order and to examine the effects of undirective teaching method of reading. Besides of these purposes, this study had two additional purposes of seeing whether reading readiness had effects on young childen's development of reading and writing behaviors and of developing a good reading and writing readiness scale. For these purposes, 32 preschoolers of age 3 to 5, were selected from the kindergarten located in middle class neighbors on the basis of reading-writing readiness scores and classified into high and low readiness groups. Those who were able to read were excluded from the sample. A half of each group(while the other half served as controls) were observed individually during undirective reading sessions in which the children were read 4 storybooks and asked to read them back to the experimentet once everyweek over a three month period. The children's responses during these sessions were audiorecorede and transcribed on coding sheets afterwards. The data were analyzed with the stastical method of correlations and ANOVA. The results showed that preschooler's reading and writing behaviors progressed through the hypothesized stages and the undirective teaching method in reading facilitated their development. The results also showed that the reading and writing readiness scale consisting of subtests of visual discrimination, phonological awareness, and abilities of drawing basic lines, had a moderate predictability in reading and writing development in the future. Furthermore, this study demonstrated significant differences in reading ability between low and high readiness groups. The results of this study suggest that we, educators in early childhood education, should understand young children's reading-writing developmental stages and encourage them to read and write actively on their own level and to retain their initial interest in reading and writing. The results also imply that the undirective method of reading and writing could be a good example of such encouragement.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

윤대녕 소설에 나타난 환영적 메커니즘

최영자 ( Young Ja Choi ) 한국문학연구학회 2011 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.44

<천지간>의 화자는 외숙모의 부음을 접하면서 흰색의 이미지를 환유적으로 연상한다. 이후 화자는 상가로 가던 중 불현듯 시야에 들어온 ``그 여자``를 따라가는데, 이는 결과적으로 ``그 여자``의 잉태된 아이를 구하는 것이 된다. 이때 ``나``는 ``그 여자``의 응시 속에 ``사로잡힌`` 사물화된 어떤 형태를 갖는다. 윤대녕 소설에서 이 같은 환영적 메커니즘은 빈번하게 나타난다. <소는 여관으로 들어오다>에서 화자는 비구니 ``금영``에게서 ``밀짚모자 여자``를 보고 또 ``환생한 생모``를 본다. 또 <제비를 기르다>에서 화자는 현재의 ``문희``에게서 과거 ``작부 문희``의 모습을 떠올린다. <은어낚시 통신>은 어린 날 아버지와 왕피천에서 낚시를 했던 경험이 있는 화자가 우연한 모임에서 만난 ``그녀``도 같은 시기에 비슷한 장소에서 은어낚시를 즐겼다는 것을 알게 되는 내용이다. 이를 통해 그는 어디선가 서로 비껴갔을 지도 모른다는 생각을 하면서, 불현듯 우리 모두는 자신의 근원지로 돌아가기 위해 우연을 가장한 필연을 반복하고 있는 것은 아닌지 생각한다. 봄이 되면 거센 물살을 거스르며 회귀하는 ``은어``는 물의 그물망을 통해 펼쳐지는 사물화된 환영을 통해 자신을 실존을 죽음으로 증명한다. 윤대녕 소설의 미학은 이 같은 환영적 메커니즘을 통해 일상을 낯설게 인식하게 하는 기교에 있다. The purpose of this study is to reveal the structural mechanism in novels written by Yoon Dea Nyeong. In Cheon-ji-gan, the narrator associates the image of ``white`` in metonymy, when hearing of the ``death`` of his maternal uncle`s wife. On the way to the family in mourning, he happened to follow ``a woman`` who came into his sight, and he would later figure out that he saved the new life inside her. In this context, ``I`` exist in a certain reification form ``captivated`` by ``her`` gaze. Illusionary mechanism frequently appears in Yoon Dea Nyeong`s novels. In Cowcomesintoinn, the narrator sees ``a woman in a straw hat`` and ``reincarnated birth mother`` in Buddhist nun ``Keum Young``. In Raisinga swallow, the narrator recalls ``Mun Hee`` in the past, who were a prostitute, from present ``Mun Hee``. In Sweetfish-fishingreport, In the memories of childhood, ``I`` used to fish with my father in some places such as ``Wangpicheon``. One day, he came to know that ``the woman``, one of his acquaintances from ``Sweetfish Fishing Report``, also enjoyed fishing sweetfishes in the same place and period. ``Sweetfishes`` return to their birthplace in spring season to prove their existence through unconscious illusion spreaded over the water grid. In this regard, Yoon Dae Nyeong utilizes illusion to defamiliarize the reader`s sense of dailiness. From an aesthetic point of view, his novel is the quintessence of defamiliarization by means of the reification of daily life.

원발성 복막수염의 방사선학적 소견 : 초음파와 CT 소견

구자홍,송순영,이재균,김홍자,원영준 關東大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1999 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.3 No.1

Purpose : To describe ultrasound(US) and CT findings of primary epiploic appendicitis Materials and Methods : From March, 1999 though Novemer 1999, clinical, US, and CT findings were reviewed in nine patients with primary epiploic appendicitis (eight women and one men, aged 27-54 year[mean, 36 years]). All patients performed US and four patients performed abdominal CT. The main symptoms were rapid onset, localized abdominal pain and tenderness(left lower quagrant pain[n=8], right abdominal pain[n= 1]) Results: US revealed small, ovoid, and mass are echogenic(n=7) or isoechoic(n=2) mass, located anterolateral to the colon. The echopattern of the mass are echogenic(n=7), or isoechoic(n=2). CT performed in four patients shown small oval fatty mass with a thin peripheral rim and central high attenuation area at anterolaeral side of the colon. Some streaky infiltration are associated around the fatty mass. Conclusion: Primary epiploic appendicitis has fairy. characteristic US and CT findings that enable a rapid diagnosis and valuable far differential diagnosit of other condition of acute abdomen.