여성 탈모증의 정신의학적 특성 분석

이길홍,나철,이영식,이창훈,노병인,홍창권,Lee, Kil-Hong,Na, Chul,Lee, Young-Sik,Lee, Chang-Hoon,No, Byung-In,Hong, Chang-Kwon 한국정신신체의학회 2000 정신신체의학 Vol.8 No.1

연구목적 : 여성 및 남성 탈모중의 개인적 특성이나 탈모양상, 정신의학적특성, 동반 신체질환 및 치료 방법에 관한 비교 분석을 통해 여성 탈모증의 치료 및 예방 지침을 수립하기 위해 연구를 시도 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 중앙대학교 용산병원 피부과에 내원하여 정신과로 의뢰된 여성 탈모증 환자 51명을 연구집단으로, 남성 탈모증환자 42명을 대조군으로 선정하여 남녀별 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V 프로그램을 통해 자료 처리를 하였고, 집단간의 차이는 교차 분석 및 변량 분석을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 경제 수준이나 교육 수준이 낮고, 하류 직종에 종사하며, 부친이 무직자가 많고, 형제 자매 수가 많으며, 여자형제만 있는 비율이 높다. 2) 여성일수록 피부과 내원빈도가 많고, 최근 두정부나 전두부 탈모가 많으며, 여성가족 중에 탈모 경험자가 많은 반면에 남성 가족중에는 탈모자가 적고, 후두부 탈모가 적으며, 손톱의 변화는 적다. 3) 여성일수록 가정내 갈등이나 경제적 변화로 인해 스트레스를 받고, 가정내 갈등이나 내성적 성격으로 인해 갈등을 겪는 반면 직장문제나 건강 변화 등 생활 변동을 겪거나, 작업 수행 능력의 부진으로 인한 갈등은 적고 직장 적응에 있어 어려움을 겪는 비율도 낮다. 4) 여성일수록 우울증이나 전환장애가 많고, 불안 증상들이나 우울 증상들을 흔히 호소하며, 불안수준이 높은 반면 신체화증상이나 강박증상은 덜 호소하며, 불안장애는 적다. 5) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향 억압 성향 여성화 성향이 높다. 6) 여성일수록 관절염이나 비뇨생식계장애가 많은 반면 위장관장애나 지루성피부염은 적다. 7) 여성일수록 etizolam이나 tretinoin은 많이 사용하는 반면 향정신성 의약품은 적게 사용하며, 특히 clotiazepam이나 prednicarbonate를 적게 사용한다. 결론 : 여성 탈모증 환자는 남성 환자에 비해 우울증이 많고, 불안 및 우울 증상을 흔히 호소하며, 가정 문제로 인해 발병하고, 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향, 억압 성향, 여성화 성향이 높다. 이 결과는 여성 환자가 남성 환자에 비해 더 심각한 정신병리를 보여 준다는 것을 의미하고, 여성 탈모의 예방 및 치료를 위해 정신과적 개업이 필요함을 말해 주고 있다. 따라서 피부과 의사들은 병발하는 정신장애에 대해 깊은 관심을 갖고, 정신과와 피부과가 공동 치료 계획을 세워야 한다. Objectives : The present study was performed to reveal differences between female and male cases of alopecia in their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment, and to use them as basic materials for proper management and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. Methods : In order to analysis the gender difference in hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 51 cases of female alopecia and the 42 cases of male alopecia, who had visited to the department of psychiatry consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and analysis of varaiance, through SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V. Results : 1) Female subjects were more likely showed lower socio-economical level including lower eonomical level, lower educational level, or lower occupational level in their parent's job, were more likely to have larger number of siblings and to have many sisters comparison to the male cases. 2) Female subjects were more likely visited to the department of dermatology, more history of alopecia in their female family members, lesser history of alopecia in their male family members, more loss of hairs in vertex or frontal region of scalp, lesser loss of hairs in occipital region, and lesser nail changes in comparison to the male cases. 3) Female subjects were more suffered from intra-familial conflicts and economical changes, or their introverted personality makeup, lesser likely suffered from changes of business and health changes, and showed lesser conflicts related with poorer adaptaion in their job life. 4) Female subjects were more likely diagnosed as depression or conversion disorders, more frequently complaint anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, higher level of anxiety index, lesser complaint somatization or obsessive compulsive symptoms, and lesser diagnosed as anxiety disorder in comparison to the male cases. 5) Female subjects were more likely tended to show personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends than the male cases. 6) Female subjects were more significantly treated by antianxiety drug such as etizolam and dermatological therapies include tretinoin, and lesser treated by clotiazepam and prednicarbonate in comparison to the male cases. Conclusion : From the facts that The most important factors in developing hair loss in the female subjects in comparison to the male cases seems to be closely correlated with the serious psychopathology such as the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of complaining anxiety or depressive symptomatology, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, and the presence of personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends, the authors confirmed that dermatologists act as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for female patients with the alopecia with psychiatrists.

일방향 응고한 Al-CuAl2 공정복합재료에 관한 연구 - 층상간격과 결함밀도에 미치는 응고조건과 진동의 영향 -

이길홍,이현규 ( Kil Hong Lee,Hyun Kyu Lee ) 한국주조공학회 1997 한국주조공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

N/A The effects of solidification condition and vibration on structure refinement were investigated for unidirectionally solidified Al-CuAl₂eutectic composites. Eutectic composites were unidirectionally solidified under vibration with different growth rates (R) and thermal gradient(G). The lamellar structure was varied according to growth condition (G/R ratio). For the structure refinement the effect of G/R was found out to be greater than that of vibration. The interlamellar spacing(λ) in this materials was varied with the growth rates(R) with λ²R=constant relationship.

오스템퍼드 구상흑연주철의 미세조직에 미치는 Mo 의 영향

이길홍,박윤우 ( Kil Hong Lee,Yun Woo Park ) 한국주조공학회 1994 한국주조공학회지 Vol.14 No.1

N/A Mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron can be guaranteed if a good knowledge of its metallugical structure is obtained. In this paper, the effects of small Mo additions to austempered ductile iron on its metallurgical structures as a function of section size are examined. From the results, it is found that γ-pool region and segregation of Mo in γ-pool region are increased with increase in the section size.

오스템퍼드 구상흑연주철의 기계적 성질에 미치는 Mo 량의 영향

이길홍 ( Kil Hong Lee ) 한국주조공학회 1994 한국주조공학회지 Vol.14 No.2

N/A Recent interest in austempered ductile iron has led to considerable number of studies on the effects of alloy additions to austempered ductile iron. In this paper, we examine the effects of small Mo additions to section austempered ductile iron on its mechanical properties. It is found that there is a strong dependence of the mechanical properties on the austempering temperature and Mo maginally improves the mechanical properties.

청소년 비행에 관한 정신의학적 , 치료적 접근

이길홍(Kil Hong Lee) 한국형사정책학회 1986 刑事政策 Vol.1 No.-

N/A

고주파 소작술을 이용한 악성 간 종양의 치료

이길홍 ( Kil Hong Lee ),마명신 ( Myung Sin Ma ),이승옥 ( Seung Ok Lee ),이정민 ( Jeong Min Lee ),이수택 ( Soo Teik Lee ),김대곤 ( Dae Ghon Kim ),안득수 ( Deuk Soo Ahn ) 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-

<Background/Aims> To describe the treatment efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver tumors. Most patients with HCC are not candidates for resection because of multifocality, advance

진동하에서 일방향응고 시킨 Al-CuAl2 공정복합재료의 응고에 관한 연구

이현규,이길홍 ( Hyun Kyu Lee,Kil Hong Lee ) 한국주조공학회 1998 한국주조공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

N/A Unidirectional solidification of Al-CuAl₂ eutectic composites was studied under the condition of forced convection by vibration. It has been shown that thermal gradient for solid is different from that for liquid during solidification under force convection by vibration. With increase of vibration, mobility of liquid increases, but decreases with decreasing vibration. The rate of solidification is very high initially, and decreases suddenly. For further solidification, the rate of solidification decrceases slowly, and shows a L-type behavior. The mechanical vibration during solidification effects efficiently on nucleation, and induces a forced convection in liquid. By the forced convection, great thermal gradient of liquid interface between solid and liquid can be obtained. The amount of solute near the interface also decreases as solute distribution is improved by the forced convection. (Received November 14, 1997)

인지행동치료를 시행한 입원 알콜리즘 환자들의 퇴원 후 경과에 관한 연구

이영식(Young-Sik Lee),오세만(Se-Man Oh),권지란(Ji-Ran Kwon),이종훈(Jong-Hun Lee),민경준(Kyung-Jun Min),이길홍(Kil-Hong Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 1999 중독정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to test before and after beliefs about substance use and craving belief questionnaire of patients, who were treated with the cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) and compare these patients with controls, about the relapse and controlled drinking rate after discharge. Also, to introduce the composition of this treatment program that was used in this study. Methods:This cognitivebehavioral treatment program was administered to 30 inpatients, who compared with 30 non-administered patients. Results:The sociodemographic data was not different from both group. Before the CBT, beliefs about substance use and craving belief questionnaire were significantly high on most items. However, beliefs about substance use item No. 11 (t=-2.262, df=29, p=0.03), and craving belief questionnaire item No. 10 (t=-2.626, df=29, p=0.014) were elevated after CBT. By Comparison between the treatment group and the control group, the rate of abstinence (23.3% VS 6.7%) and controlled drinking (36.6% VS 23.3%) were significantly high. Conclusion:In alcoholic inpatients, the CBT resulted in changing the attitude to alcohol drinking and increasing the rates of abstinence after discharge.

민들레(Taraxacum mongolicum H.) 추출분획물이 위장보호에 미치는 효능 평가

한소희,황정근,박수남,이길홍,고강일,김기수,김기호,Han, So-Heui,Hwang, Jung-Keun,Park, Soo-Nam,Lee, Kil-Hong,Ko, Kang-Il,Kim, Ki-Su,Kim, Ki-Ho 한국식품과학회 2005 한국식품과학회지 Vol.37 No.1

민들레 (Taraxacum mongolicum H.) 추출물에 대한 위장보호효과를 측정하기 위하여 민들레를 ethanol로 추출한 후 methylene chloride과 n-butanol을 이용하여 용매의 극성에 따라 순차적으로 추출물을 분획하여 각 분획물을 얻었다. 이들 분획물로 총플라보노이드 및 luteolin 함량을 측정하고 H. pylori 항균작용, urease 저해 효과, 프리라디칼소거작용, 세포막 보호 효과에 대해 시험하였다. 각 분획물의 총 플라보노이드와 luteolin 함량을 측정을 한 결과 n-butanol 분획에서 각각 27.75%, 1.14%로 다른 분획들보다 2가지 성분 모두 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 효능 시험에서도 n-butanol 분획은 위장 질환을 일으키는 직접적인 요인 중 하나인 H. pylori에 대한 항균 및 urease 저해 시험에서 다른 분획물 보다 좋은 결과를 보였다. 또한, 위장 장애의 간접적인 요인이 될 수 있는 라디칼의 소거 작용 및 활성산소로부터 세포막 보호에 대한 각 분획물의 시험에서도 n-butanol 분획물이 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며 DPPH 라디칼소거능의 $SC_{50}$ 값은 $47{\mu}g/ml$, 세포막 보호실험에서 ${\tau}_{50}$=172min$(C=5.0{\mu}g/mL)$이었다. 따라서 각 분획물의 성분 분석과 수행되어진 효능 실험 결과들을 비교하여 볼 때 민들레 추출물의 n-butanol 분획물이 위점막 보호에 효과가 있음을 예측할 수 있었으며 위장 보호를 위한 조성물의 성분으로 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Mongolian dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum H.) extracted with solvents having different polarities were prepared to investigate protection activity of gastric mucosa. Ethanol extracts were successively reextracted with methylene chloride, and n-butanol. Concentrations of total flavonoids and luteolin in n-butanol extracts were 27.75 and 1.14%, respectively, much higher than those of other solvent extracts. Results of anti-microbial acitivity test against Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibition test revealed n-butanol extract exerted higher inhibition (13.16%) than other solvent extracts. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, n-butanol extract showed the highest efficiency of free radical-scavenger activity among the extracts ($SC_{50}\;47{\mu}g/mL$). Erythrocytic photohemolysis tests, for the protection of cell membrane showed that half-life of human erythrocytes was increased by the addition of n-butanol extract $({\tau}_{50}=172min;C=5.0{\mu}g/mL)$. These results indicate n-butanol extract of Mongolian dandelion may be useful as a adjuvant for gastric diseases.

한국형 청소년 자살사고 설문 개발

이영식(Young-Sik Lee),서동수(Dong-Soo Suh),양석훈(Suk-Hoon Yang),이길홍(Kil-Hong Lee) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2004 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.15 No.2