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윤경준,김동창 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4
Anthropometry on three items(stature, head length, head breadth) was carried out to 3,074 Korean girls of an age group of 12 to 15 years. In addition to them, the head length breadth index was calculated according to each age group. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The average stature showed 148.94㎝ in 12 years age group, 152.21㎝ in 13 years age group, 153.57㎝ in 14 years age group and 157.45㎝ in 15 years age group respectively. The growth pattern of stature showed remarkably high values ranging from 14 to 15 years age group. 2. The average head length showed 16.83㎝ in 12 years age group, 16.89㎝ in 13 years age group, 16.99㎝ in 14 years age group and 17.05㎝ in 15 years age group respectively. 3. The average head breadth showed 14.83㎝ in 12 years age group, 14.90㎝ in 13 years age group, 14.93㎝ in 14 years age group and 15.06㎝ in 15 years age group respectively. 4. The average head length breadth index showed 88.24 in 12 years age group, 88.31 in 13 years age group, 87.98 in 14 years age group and 88.51 in 15 years age group respectively. Therefore, it was found that all of the indices obtained in this belonged to hyperbrachycephaly.
김경미,조규탁,이지윤,이지은,이동수 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2
The main objectives of this study were to identify from literature review the potential sources and to provide a preliminary national emission inventory for the unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) (i.e., by-product PCBs). In Korea, fuel combustion, waste combustion, thermal industrial processes, and transportation were identified as potential sources of by-product PCBs. According to the availability of the emission factors and/or activity data, emission inventory could be assessed only for fuel combustion, waste combustion, steel industry, non-ferrous industry, and non-metallurgical industry. The total national emission of by-product PCBs was estimated to be 1087kg for the year 2000. The preliminary estimation further indicated that the steel manufacturing was the single dominant emission category, contributing 93% to the total emission. Of the steel manufacturing processes, the contribution of the electric are furnace was about 80% of the total emission. Due to high uncertainty associated with both the emission factors and activity statistics, the emission estimates in this study are likely to contain significant errors. However, the results of the present work could serve the first step toward future efforts to establish national source and emission inventories of by-product PCBs.
성견에서 교정적 고정원으로서의 티타늄 미니스크류에 대한 연구 : An experimental investigation in dogs
윤병수,최병호,이원유,김경남,심형보,박진형 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.5
교정치료에서 원하는 치아이동을 위해서는 안정된 고정원이 필요한데 티타늄 미니스크류가 매식과 제거가 쉽고, 구강 내 여러 부위에서 적용이 가능하고, 환자가 느끼는 불편감이나 비용적인 부담이 적고, 제거 후에 치유가 빠르게 진행될 수 있는 등의 장점이 있어 최근에 교정적 고정원으로 사용되기 시작하였다. 티타늄 미니스크류를 교정적 고정원으로 사용한 임상 예들이 여러 편 발표되었는데 미니스크류의 이완이 가장 큰 실패의 원인으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 보고된 논문들에서 교정적 고정원으로 안정성을 줄 수 있는 스크류의 식립 길이에 관한 연구가 없는 상태이다. 교정적 고정원으로 미니스크류를 효과적으로 사용하기 위해서는 식립 부위에 따른 골구조와 골밀도 차이를 고려한 식립 길이에 관한 기준이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성견의 상악골과 하악골에서 직경 2mm 티타늄 미니스크류를 다양한 길이로 식립하고 교정력을 적용한 후 그 안정성을 평가하여 교정적 고정원으로 사용될 수 있는 미니스크류의 식립 길이를 결정하고자 하였다. 미니스크류가 상악에서는 6mm이상, 하악에서는 4mm 이상이 골 내에 식립될 때 8주 동안 200g의 교정력에 동요도나 위치변화를 보이지 않았다. 식립 부위로는 부착치은 부위 치근 사이에 식립될 때 구강청결이 유지되고 미니스크류 주변 치은조직에 자극을 주지 않아 정상적인 조직으로 유지 될 수 있었다. 또한 교정력 적용 8주 후 치근단 방사선 사진검사에서 스크류 주변 치근 흡수나 치조골 흡수, 치주 인대 손상이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 상 ㆍ 하악 골밀도와 골구조의 차이를 고려하여 미니스크류의 골내 식립 길이를 적절히 조절함으로써 교정적 고정원으로 티타늄 미니스크류가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다고 생각된다. Titanium miniscrews are being used increasingly as an anchorage for tooth movement, because they are easy to place and to remove, increase the number of sites available, give minimum strain to patients regarding surgical procedures, and offer uneventful healing after removal. The use of titanium miniscrews as an orthodontic anchorage has been reported in clinical case reports, but clinicians hove experienced screw loosening when using such screws. To our knowledge, there are no published reports evaluating the stability of miniscrews. Information about the length of miniscrews used in relation to the location is of some importance, as stability will vary depending on bone quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of lengths of miniscrews (diameter: 2mm) which were inserted in maxilla or mandible and to demonstrate in a dog moedl which miniscrew provides fundamental stability in the jaws. 10 mm long miniscrews in the maxilla and 8mm long miniscrews in the mandible showed no clinical mobility and retained their position throughout an 8 weeks force (200g) application. The mucosal condition around the screws was healthy in cases in which miniscrews were inserted in the alveolar bone between the roots and the head of the screws emerged into the attached gingiva. When the force application was terminated, radiographic analysis revealed neither root resorption nor periodontal pathology around the miniscrews that remained stable during the entire treatment period. This study suggests that if titanium miniscrews with adequate length are properly used depending on the location, they provide sufficient stability for orthodontic anchorage.
윤재철,김원,조규종,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4
Primary aldosteronism is a syndrome characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and elevated serum aldosterone levels. Conn first described it 1955 in association with adrenal cortical adenoma(Conn's syndrome). Today, it can be divided into at least six distinctive sub-groups. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism is usually suspected when the patient presents with poorly controlled hypertension with hypokalemia. The main issues in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism are to differentiate an adenoma from hyperplasia and to localize the adenoma. Basic hormonal studies and computed tomographic(CT) scanning can be used effectively for that differentiation. An adenoma is one of a few potentially curable forms of hypertension, and it is best treated by removing the adrenal tumor. We experienced a case of a typical adrenal adenoma. The patient was a 37-year-old male who had experienced in both his legs over a period of several days a weakness due to hypokalemia. He was diagnosed using basic hormonal studies and adrenal CT scanning. After, he received laparoscopic adrenalectomy and was discharged with improved condition.
김보혜,안윤정,정민영,차지영,최경원,김지현,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level and effect of stress on physical and mental health. Based on that result, we offer the basic research to lessen students' stress and make a program to promote health condition effectively. Subjects were 526 university students. (male: 232(44.1%) female: 294(55.9%). composed of 7 majors: human studies&social science, management, Science&technology, education. law, medicine, entertainment. freshman 108(20.5%), sophomore 140(26.6%) junior 148(28.1%), senior 130(24.7%)) Subjects were filled with 127 questionnaires. T test and ANOVA were used to evaluate each stress levels. The .05 level of significance was the critical for this research. Also used the correlation to know the relation between stress levels and effects. The result of the study were as follows: 1. According to gender, male students got 2.37, female students got 2.46 on the stress level(p=.05). And also the belonging items showed female students got higher stresses than male students. 2. According to grade, the average score of stress level was 2.42. sophomores got the highest stress and freshmen got the lowest stress level. But that was not meaningful difference. freshman and sophomore got higher stress on studying. and except the freshman, all grades got severe stress on employment. 3. According to major, there were differences on university life and surroundings. On university life, the students who majored management got highest stress and the students who majored Education got the least stress. And on surroundings, the students who majored Law got highest stress. 4. According to gender, female students suffered from more stress effects than male students.(male 2.3725 female 2.4657 t:-1.968 p:.050) 5. According to grade, the average score of stress was 2.2285. sophomore got 2.3042 and junior got 2.2148 on stress effects. 6. According to major, The students who major in law got more stress effects caused by family than any other students. The students who major in entertainment and gymnastics got more stress effects than any other students in surroundings. 7. There were significant correlations between the stress level and effects(r.=847, p=.000).