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Yoon, Yohan;Sofos, John N. Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2011 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.2
This study used various approaches to investigate the potential association of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) presence with thermal and acid resistance of Salmonella cultures. Salmonella Thompson strains RM1987N (luxS-positive; AI-2 positive) and RM1987NLUX (luxS-negative; AI-2 negative) were exposed to 55 °C (6 h) in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, while the /w.Y5-negative 5. Thompson strain and a Salmonella Typhimurium / luxS-positive strain were exposed to 55 °C in AI-2-positive or -negative preconditioned (PC) media derived from S. Thompson and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 luxS-positive and -negative strains. In addition, the /HA\S'-negative S. Thompson strain was subjected to pH 3.5 PC media (35 °C, 6 h) with or without AI-2 activity, and acid-adapted or nonadapted S. Thompson strains were exposed to pH 3.0 LB broth (35 °C, 6 h). Surviving bacterial populations during exposure to 55 °C LB were not different between luxS -negative and -positive S. Thompson strains. In addition, heating at 55 °C of the luxS-negative S. Thompson strain in AI-2-positive and -negative PC media resulted in similar (P≥0.05) survivor counts. Furthermore, surviving cell counts of S. Typhimurium (luxS-positive) in 55 °C AI-2-positive PC media were not different (P > 0.05) than those in AI-2 negative PC media. No differences in surviving cell counts of the luxS-negative S. Thompson strain was found when exposed to pH 3.5 Al-2-positive and -negative PC media. Also, survivors of acid-adapted or nonadapted cells of luxS-negative and -positive S. Thompson strains were not different following exposure to pH 3.0 LB. The results indicated that, under the conditions of this study, AI-2-bascd quorum sensing did not appear to be associated with heat and acid resistance of Salmonella.
Kim, YA Cho;Park, K-S;Lim, S-Y;Shin, A;Sung, M-K;Ro, J Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2011 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.2
Background: Although high soy consumption may be associated with lower breast cancer risk in Asian populations, findings from epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Objective: We investigated the effects of soy intake on breast cancer risk among Korean women according to their menopausal and hormone receptor status. Methods: We conducted a case-control study with 358 incident breast cancer patients and 360 age-matched controls with no history of malignant neoplasm. Dietary consumption of soy products was examined using a 103-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: The estimated mean intakes of total soy and isoflavones from this study population were 76.5 g per day and 15.0 mg per day, respectively. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we found a significant inverse association between soy intake and breast cancer risk, with a dose-response relationship (odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval (Cl)) for the highest vs the lowest intake quartile: 0.36 (0.20-0.64)). When the data were stratified by menopausal status, the protective effect was observed only among postmenopausal women (OR (95% Cl) for the highest vs the lowest intake quartile: 0.08 (0.03-0.22)). The association between soy and breast cancer risk did not differ according to estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status, but the estimated intake of soy isoflavones showed an inverse association only among postmenopausal women with ER + /PR+ tumors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high consumption of soy might be related to lower risk of breast cancer and that the effect of soy intake could vary depending on several factors.
YOON, SUN YOUNG;LEE, HA REUM;PARK, YOORIM;KIM, JOO HEON;KIM, SOO YOUNG;YOON, SUK RAN;LEE, WANG JAE;CHO, BYUNG JOO;MIN, HYEYOUNG;BANG, JUNG-WOOK;PARK, HYUNJEONG;BANG, SA IK;CHO, DAEHO Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2011 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.2
Intratumoral hypoxia has been correlated with distant metastatic potential. Two hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are induced by hypoxia, and high expression of these proteins has been correlated to angiogenesis and distant metastasis. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is frequently highly expressed in cancer, and this overexpression correlates with malignant progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical correlation of HIF-α with Tβ4 and the intracellular functional roles of Tβ4 on HIF-α activation. We examined HIF-1α, HlF-2α and Tβ4 expressions in clinical human breast carcinoma (n=70) by immunohisto-chemistry. We show that high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α strongly correlates with Tβ4 expression (P≤0.0001) and overexpression of Tβ4 correlates significantly with patients with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) of human breast cancer. Additionally, we demonstrate that hypoxia up-regulates intracellular Tβ4 protein, which then affects HIF-α activity, which is the key in regulating VEGF expression. We confirmed that hypoxia-induced intracellular Tβ4 and HIF-α activities were reduced by interference of TIM expression using Tβ4 shRNA lentivirus. Vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF)-A, a well-recognized lymphangiogenic cytokine, was also down-regulated, but VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions were not affected. These findings suggest that the overexpression of Tβ4 is strongly associated with HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression and is also clinicopathologically involved with lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancer through the modulation of HIF-a activation and induction of VEGF-A. Ultimately, these results highlight Tβ4 as a potentially therapeutic target in malignant cancers.