한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

안내염과 대장암이 동반된 재발성 간농양

전승정,김태헌,류민선,오다연,송명은,이신아,류재인,김혜인,문일환,유권 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2011 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.34 No.2

The causes of pyogenic liver abscess has been known as biliary tract disease or intrabadominal infection but the large proportions of the patients has no apparent underlying disorders. Recently colonic mucosal lesions were reported in patients with cryptogenic liver abscess and it has been suggested that colonic mucosal break may play a role in developing liver abscess in otherwise healthy patients. We experienced a patient of severe recurrent liver abscess complicated with endophthalmitis only 3 months after successful treatment of initial cryptogenic liver abscess and a polypoid colon cancer was discovered by chance. It seems prudent to proceed colonoscopic examination in patients with cryptogenic liver abscess especially when it is recurrent.

Pd(X)(COPh)(PPh₂)₃(X=Cl,Br,NCS,CN)와 Pd(CN)(COPh)(N-N)(N-N=en,R-pn)의 합성과 성질

정맹준,도명기 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Oxidative addition products, trans-Pd(X)(COPh)(PPh₃)₂(1) is obtained from the reaction of tetrakistriphenylphosphinoPalladium(0) complex and benzoylhalides, XCOPh(X=Cl,Br,NCS,CN), and the structure of these complexes were identified from the UV, IR and ?? spectral data. We found that the stretching vibration energy of the carbonyl group is CN < MCS < Cl < Br and it was depending on the type of X which is in trans position to the carbonyl in the complex 1. We also investigated the formation of the chelate complexes relate to trans influence of carbonyl group in the starting complex 1. It was found that chelate complexes, Pd(X)(COPh)(N-N)(N-N=en, R-pn)(2) were formed, when X is CN, by the reaction of bidentate ligands such as ethylenediamine(en), or R-propylenedamine(R-pn) with complex 1.

알루미늄 切削에서 生成되는 構成刃先의 擧動

全泰玉,朴興植,鄭明眞,金晶坤 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

This paper has been carried out ot clarify the behavior of the BUE experimented Aluminium with using tungsten caribide tools. The results obtained are as follow : There was the block that varied suddenly at the initial cutting force. From the point of cutting distance 150㎜ Happened the BUE and the cutting force was the normal state. As share angle is increased, compression coefficient of the chip are increased. Relation between the friction coefficient of chip side and tool rake side can make the modelization studying the BUE size. As cutting speed is increased, chip thickness is decreased.

RT-Linex의 스케줄링 가능성과 시그널비트 검사를 통한 개선된 스케줄링 방안

이현정,김명준 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2003 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.11 No.2

실시간 시스템은 논리적 정확성은 물론 시간적 정확성을 요구한다. 실시간 시스템을 위한 운영체제는 실시간 시스템의 지원을 위한 전용 실시간 운영체제와 범용 운영체제인 유닉스 계열 운영체제를 확장한 것으로 구분된다. 유닉스 계열 운영체제를 확장한 형태인 RT-Linux는 RMS와 EDFS 두 가지의 스케줄러가 구현되어 있지만, 많은 보완과 개선이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 RT-Linux의 스케줄러가 갖고 있는 문제점을 개선하는 두 가지 방안을 제시한다. RT-Linux는 RMS와 EDFS 두 가지 스케줄러 중에서 각각의 스케줄러의 특성을 고려하지 않고 두 가지 방법 중 하나를 임의로 선택하여 사용함으로써 종료시한 miss rate, 시스템 정지 현상 등의 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 먼저 스케줄 가능성 검사를 통해 스케줄링 하는 방법(SPC방법)을 제안하고, 특정 실시간 태스크의 시그널이 발생하였을 경우 시그널 처리에 있어 지연 시간을 늘리게 된다는 문제점을 해결하기 위해, ISBC방법을 이용한 좀 더 효율적인 시그널 함수의 구현을 제안한다. 이 두 방법을 사용함으로써 종료시한을 보장하고, 잘못된 스케줄로 인해 발생되는 시스템 정지 현상을 제거하였으며, 응답시간의 지연을 줄일 수 있었다. The real-time system demands not only logical correctness but also timely correctness. There are two types of operating systems for the real-time system. The first one is a dedicated RTOS for the real-time systems and the second one is an extension of Unix-like OS. The second type OS can use the various services and the already familar developing environment supplied by Unix. The RT-Linux, an extension of Unix like OS, have been implemented by two scheduler such as RMS and EDFS, needed improvement. In this paper, we show two methods to improve problem of RT-Linux scheduler. First, we propose SPC method through schedule possibility check to solve problem ; characteristics of each scheduler have not been considered but used random selection. Second, we suggest more improved design of signal function through ISBC method to solve problem ; latency time has been increased to handle signal by check signal bit of all task.

개에서 직장탈의 수술적 치료 1례

박정희,김영실,신영지,박창식,전무형,김명철,정성목 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

A 3-year old, male Jindo dog was referred with history of tenesmus, dyschezia and recurrent rectal prolapse. On the physical examination, the rectum was prolapsed about 10 em, congested and necrotized. Fecal incontinence and pain were observed. Complete blood count revealed a mild leukocytosis and there were no remarkable abnormalities in serum biochemistry profiles. It was diagnosed as a rectal prolapse. Rectal resection and anastomosis was performed for necrotic tissue removal. On postoperative fecal smear, protothecosis was observed. Amphotericin B was administered. There has been no evidence of recurrence of rectal prolapse for ten months.

Lithium 2차 전지용 고분자전해질의 개발 및 이온 전도 특성에 관한 연구

문명준,김희정,이서봉,이명훈 釜山工業大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Ionic conductivities of PMMA-based polymer blends plasticized with poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether(PEGMe) complexed with LiCLO4 have been investigated for applications in lithium battery. These solid polymer electrolytes are studied at room temperature using impedance analysis technique and FT-IR. Maximum ionic conductivity at room temperature was measured to be 5.9×10-5 S/cm in the free standing film state for PMMA concentratin of 17% w/w. The ionic conductivity decreases at higher PMMA concentration of 30% w/w, since the nonconducting area according to the phase separation of PMMA increases. The phase separation of PMMA in polymer electrolytes was shown by the absorbance variation of the carbonyl peak of PMMA.

嫌氣性 消化에 미치는 黃酸鹽의 影響

林哉明,全基一,金正權,金守明 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

The competition for substrate between sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane producing bacteria (MPB), and the inhibitory effects of sulfide produced from microbial sulfate reduction on sulfate reducers and methanogens were investigated in this study by using laboratory digesters. The main results of this experimental study are as follows ; 1) When SRB and MPB was co-cultured, the microbial sulfate reduction occurred first, so that the inhibition of volatile acid on MPB were eliminated. 2) When SRB and MPB competed each other for substrate, the shorter the sludge retention time (SRT), the more dominate species the SRB were. 3) The limit SRT for MPB was above 4.5days, and that for SRB was near 2days. 4) When the carbon source (COD) loading was kept at the same level in comparison with different SO₄^(2-) Loading, biogas production was not inhibited when the ratio of COD to SO₄^(2-) Was above 2.7, that was begun to be inhibited when the ratio was under 2.7, and that was not occurred when the ratio was under 1.0. 5) When the sulfate ion loading was kept at the same level with different carbon source (COD) loading, the biogas production was begun to be retarded when the ratio of COD to SO₄^(2-) Was under 1.0, and that was not occurred when the ratio was 0.5. 6) Finally, when influent concenration of SO₄^(2-) was 1200㎎/l, or sulfide concentration in the digester was above 130㎎/l, the biogas production was begun to be retared. As the influent concentration of SO₄^(2-) was above 2000㎎/l, or the concentration of sulfide in the digester was near 180㎎/l, the biogas production was completely inhibited.

[18F]FDG PET을 이용한 강박증 환자에서 뇌 포도당 대사의 이상에 관한 연구

권준수,이동우,이재성,최정임,이동수,정준기,조맹제,이명철,류인균 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 강박증에 대한 기능적 뇌영상 연구들에서 강박증 환자들의 안와전두엽과 미상핵의 대사율 증가 소견이 비교적 일과되게 발표되어 왔으며, 전두-피질하 회로의 이상이라는 이론이 수립되기도 하였다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 강박증의 유병기간에 따른 구분없이 시행된 연구였고, 영상분석 방법에 있어서도 관심영역 방법을 이용했다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 강박증의 유병기간에 따라 환자군을 구분하여 PET 영상소견을 분석함으로써 유병 기간에 따른 차이가 있는지를 조사하였으며, 둘째, 강바증 환자의 포도당 양전자방출 단층촬영(18-Fluor-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography : FDG-PET) 영상분석에 통계적 매개변수 지도법(Statistical Parametric Mapping : SPM)을 이용함으로써 강박증의 병인기전 및 강박증상과 뇌기능 간의 관계를 명확히 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 구조적 면담도구(Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV : SCID-IV)를 적용하여 진단된 12명의 강박증 환자들과 10명의 정상 대조군에 대해 FDG-PET을 촬영하여 SPM으로 분석하였다. PET 촬영 전 적어도 4주 동안에는 약물복용을 하지 않은 상태였다. 결과: 1) 환자군과 대조군의 비교 : 강박증 환자군은 대조군에 비해 양측 두정 영역의 대사율이 유의하게 감소되어 있었으며(P<0.01). 대사증가를 보인 영역은 없었다. 강박증의 유병기간이 10년 이상인 만성강박증 환자 4명은 양측 안와전두엽에서 유의한 대사증가 소견을 보였으며(P<0.01), 양측 두정영역에서 유의한 대사감소 소견을 보였다 (P<0.01), 유병기간이 10년 이하인 환자에서는 전체 환자군의 분석에서와 마찬가지로 대조군에 비해 유의한 대사증가 소견을 보인 영역은 없었으며, 양측 두정엽 부위에서 유 의한 대사 감소 소견을 보였다.(P<0.01). 2) 강박증상의 심각도와의 상관관계 분석 : 우측 두정엽의 대사율은 강박장애 척도 점수와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(p<0.01), 양측 시상 영역의 대사율은 예일-브라운 강박장애 척도의 강박장애척도 점수와 유의한 양의 상관관계(p<0.01)를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구는 결과는 기존의 연구들에서 보고된 안와전두엽의 대사 증가 소견이 강박증의 만성화로 인해 나타나는 2차적 장애이며, 두정엽의 대사 저하가 보다 1차적인 장애일 가능성을 시사한다. Baxter가 수립한 전두-피질하 회로 이론은 두정엽의 이상을 포함하는 전두-두정엽 복합체 이론으로 확장되어야 할 것이다. Objectives: Functional imaging studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) subjects have repeatedly reported increased metabolism in orbitofrontal lobes and caudate nucleus, resulting in the "frontal-subcortical" circuit abnormality theory. Limitations of the previous studies to date include little consideration for the duration of illness, and the use of regions of interest methods, as an image analysis method. Our study objectives are 1) to include the duration of illness as an important study variable, and 2) to use Statistical Parametric Mapping(SPM) method in order to tap relations between the brain function and the psychopathology and symptoms of OCD. Methods: The [18] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) scans of OCD subjects and normal comparison subjects, as diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID-IV), were analyzed using SPM. Results: 1) Comparison of OCD and control groups : OCD subjects had significantly decreased metabolism in both parietal lobes and didn't have any areas of increased metabolism in comparison to comparison subjects(p.<0.01). four OCD subjects with the illness duration of 10 years or longer, had significantly increased metabolism in both orbitofrontal lobes<p<0.01). OCD subjects whose illness duration is shorter than 10 years didn't have any areas of increased metabolism and had significantly decreased parietal lobe metabolism, as in the analyses of all subjects(p<0.01). 2) Correlation analysis between areas and symptom severity : Metabolism of both thalamic sreas showed significant positive correlation with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) scores(p<0.01). Metabolism of right parietal area showed significant negative corre lation with Y-BOCS scores(p<0.01). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that the increased metabolism in orbitofrontal lobe, previously rported, may be a secondary phenomenon due to the extended illness dur- ation and that decreased metabolism in the parietal lobes are primary abnormality in OCD subjects. Thus Baxter's fronto-subcortical circuit theory should be extended into "fronto-pari-etal" complex theory, which includes the parietal lobes.

기독교인의 신앙치료에 대한 태도 조사

김준호,변원탄,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

기독교 평신도들의 신앙치료에 대한 태도와 이와 관련한 신앙태도를 알아보기 위하여 부산시내에 거주하는 평균 연령 25세의 고 교육층 기독교 평신도 358명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 대상자들의 신앙치료에 대한 개념을 초자연적 개념과 심리적 개념으로 나누어 조사해 본 결과 심리적 신앙치료의 개념보다는 초자연적 신앙치료 개념에 더 많은 찬성의 태도를 보였다. 그러나 심리적 신앙치료 개념에 대해서도 약 반수에서 찬성의 태도를 보였다. 또한 이들이 초자연적인 신앙치료 개념을 가지고 있지만 축사, 정벌등의 무속적이고 부정적인 측면보다 그것을 축복과 은혜로 본다든지 기독교의 전파의 기능을 갖는다는등 긍정적인 측면에서 받아들이고 있었다. 이러한 신앙치료 개념은 신앙관과 밀접한 상관성을 띄고 있었는데 초자연적 신앙치료 개념은 보수적 신앙태도와 상관관계가 높았고 반대로 심리적 신앙치료 개념은 현실적 신앙태도와 상관관계가 높았다. 또한 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 심리적 신앙치료 개냠 사잉에는 역 상관관계가 있었다. 그 밖에 연령층과 교회내의 직분 유무에 대한 차이가 있었는데 나이 많은 계층의 신도들에서는 나이 적은 계층보다 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 보수적 신앙태도가 더욱 현저했고 교회내 직분이 있는 사람들이 없는 쪽보다 더욱 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 보수적 신앙태도가 두드러졌다. 대상자들에게 정신질환의 원인을 물어본 결과는 위의 태도와는 대조적으로 초자연적인 원인보다는 심리학적인 혹은 생물학적인 원인으로 본 경우가 더 많았다. 이러한 모순점은 정신질환에 대한 개념이 지적인 측면에서는 상당히 합리적이면서도 그 치료 개념에서는 신앙의 영향을 받아 초자연적인 태도를 갖고 있는것으로 이해되었다. 이와같은 결과에서 저자는 우리 사회에서 무분별하게 시행되고 있는 신앙치료를 올바르게 유도하고 또한 향후 보다 건전한 신앙치료 개념을 정착시키기 위해서는 교회 밖에서의 사회 문화적인 영향도 중요하지만 교회 내어서의 건전한 신앙과 올바른 신앙치료에 대한 교육이 더욱 중요하다고 본다. In order to evaluate christians' attitude toward faith healing, the author conducted a survey by questionnaire method to 358 young christians with relatively high educational background who are living in Busan city. The results obtained were as follows; Their concept of faith healing was more supematural than psychological. However, approximately one half of the subjects also showed psychological concept of faith healing. Contrary to the previous notion that christian faith healing is totally shammanistic and primitive, even the attitude toward supernatural concept was positive in several ways: they saw the faith healing as a blessing or grace from God and as having a function of spreading their faith. Their concept of faith healing had a significant correla tion with their attitudes religion: supernatural healing concept was positively correlated with conservative attiude and psychological healing concept with realistic attitude. There was some variation difference toward the concept of faith healing according to their age and presence or absene of mission in church; the older age group was more inclined to supernatural healing concept and conservative attitude than the younger group, and those with mission in church also showed the same trend. However, there was no difference in their attitudes toward faith healing according to sex or duration of their faith. When the subjects were asked about their perceived causes of mental disorders, their answers showed a more rational or scientific understandings; they saw the causes of mental disorders as psychological or biological ones rather than supernatural ones. This trend was seen as contradicting to the above mentioned heavily supernatural attitude toward faith healing. Thus it was suggested that their attitude toward mental disorders was rational in intellectual level but their attitude to ward faith healing was still supernatural. From these results, the author suggests, for the eastablishment of healthier concept of faith healing in the future, that mental health education in the churches as well various socio-cultural influences outside of the churches, is very impotant.