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최정임,여장옥,진성민,이상혁,Choi, Jeong-Im,Yeo, Jang-Ok,Jin, Sung-Min,Lee, Sang-Hyuk 대한후두음성언어의학회 2011 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Background and Objectives: Vocal polyps arc one of the most frequent benign laryngeal diseases. They arc usually found at the midpoint of the vocal fold. They are mainly caused by vocal overuse. Vocal polyps arc usually removed surgically. Generally, age-related changes to speech are attributed to change in anatomy and physiology of the speech mechanism. These changes result in increased variability in the acoustic properties of speech with age. Still, not 'all studies of age-related changes in speech have taken differences between the young group and adult group after laryngeal microsurgery into account. The aim of this investigation was to compare improvement of acoustic analysis in young patients and elderly patients with vocal polyps, before and after the laryngeal microsurgery. Materials and Method: One hundred and twenty-eight patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery for vocal polyps from 2008 through 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. 105 of the 128 patients under age 60 were classified as adult group (AG), and remaining 23 patients as elderly group (EG). The speech of AG and EG were evaluated before and after surgery for identification of differences for age group across measures of fundamental frequency (F0), Jitter, Shimmer and Maximum phonation time (MPT). Results: There were not significant differences between two groups for improvement of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, and MPT before and after surgery. The findings suggest that elderly group compares quite well with adult group in effectiveness of surgery. However, comparison between elderly group and young group (Age under 40) there was significant difference of improvement in Jitter and Shimmer. Conclusion: In general, the results of the present research showed significant improvement in vocal quality after phonosurgery of vocal polyp in both elderly and adult group. However, comparison of improvement between elderly group and young group, there were significant differences of improvement in jitter and shimmer. Therefore, in treatment planning of elderly group, we should consider age related changes of vocal cord.
상황학습 이론에 따른 학습내용의 구성, 교사의 역할, 평가원리에 대한 고찰
崔廷任 한국교육학회 1997 敎育學硏究 Vol.35 No.3
전통적인 학교에서 가르치는 지식이 학습자들에게 유의미하지 못하고, 학생들이 학교에서 학습한 지식을 실생활의 문제상황에 적응하는 데 어려움을 겪는다는 것에 많은 연구자들이 동의를 하고 있다. 최근에 이러한 문제에 대한 대안적인 방법의 하나로 상황 학습 이론(situated learning theory)이 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나, 상황 학습에 대한 이론적인 논의는 종종 있어 왔지만 그 이론이 실제적으로 어떻게 학교 현장이나 교수 설계에 반영되고 적용될 수 있는지에 대한 구체적인 논의는 찾아보기 힘들다. 상황학습 이론의 적용은 단순한 이론적인 도입이 아니라 교수/학습 방법 및 평가 전반에 걸쳐 획기적인 변화를 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 글에서는 상황학습 이론의 이론적 토대를 살펴보고, 이것이 학습환경의 설계와 교사의 역할, 평가에 어떻게 반영될 수 있는지 구체적인 시사점을 논의하고자 하였다.