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정경임,황정연 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2
We performed this study to evaluate the efficacy of Emergency Medical Technician Education in a designated Facility. This article is the statistical analysis of which the results were obtained from the first trial of Emergency Medical Technician Training program by EMS instructor at Emergency Department, Wallace Memorial Baptist hospital in Pusan from Jun 28 to July 10, 1993. The results were as follow : 1) On sexual distribution of students, male was 57.6% and female was 42.4%. On age distribution, between 30-39 year-old age was 64.7% average age was 33.5 year-old. 2) The geographic distribution of their address was 57.6% in Pusan, the remainders in Kyung-nam, Kyung-buk, and Che-ju in order. 3) The average bed size of the hospital in which they served was 375 beds. 4) The students working in Emergency Room was 42.4%, the other was 57.6%. 5) There were 53.3% students who have the license for nurse-aid and 46.7% registered nurses. 6) The period of students clinical experience was for 101.8 months (about 8 years) in average, and their career in emergency room was for 38.1 months(about 3 years). 7) In the lecture, 91.1% of the students answered that they were content with the lecture qualities or that it was sufficient to learn. In learning the skills, 73.5% of the students replied they were content with the quality to teach the skills or it was sufficient one. Especially male students as a nurse-aid had the better results for the acquisition of the skills than the female registred nurse. 8) 57.6% answered their lecture time was short, 42.1% was proper. Most students were satisfied with the time length of their curriculum, but 26.5% of the students wanted to have more than 12 weeks of education couse. Most of them replied the proper size of the class must be below 20 students per class. 9) They answered the lectural time per a learning item was plenty in 72.0% of the students, not in 28.0%, and skill acquisition time per a learning item was appropriate for 41.4% of the participants, not for 58.6%. They answered the education materials were plenty in 85.3% and not in 11.8%. 10) The written tests showed normal distribution curve through the 4th written test and the results of the final written examination was 98.5 points in average. 11) There was very high correlation(co-efficient : 0.6234) between the 3rd and 4th written test and relatively high correlation between the 3rd and final test and between 4th written test and the skill tests. 12) The female students got the higher points than the male in the written test, but no significant differences of the points in the skill testing according to the participants sex. 13) The registered nurses made the better points in the written test compared to the nurse-aids, but statistically there was no significant difference in the skill testing. To develop better education program for EMT the counterplans on the basis of above results can be established as belows. 1) It will be necessary to ensure professional people who aquired the sufficient training and experience for emergency treatment and to look for legal basis. 2) The sufficient training for EMT is wanted and both starting education and continuing education needs to be focused. 3) The education program for EMT has to be varied according to its charateristics of qualification. 4) the special education program for lecturer for EMT is needed. 5) Each Medical and Education organization should work on the entire education course achieve its standardization of time length, content, methods and level. 6) The positive attitude of government is needed to solve the problems which happen with the current system of Emergency Medicine. It will be necessary to stipulate the items relevant to Emergency Medicine in the law.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)
김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.
Usefulness of the Cytomegalovirus Antigenemia Assay in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
( Jaeyoung Chun ),( Changhyun Lee ),( Ji Eun Kwon ),( Sung Wook Hwang ),( Sang Gyun Kim ),( Joo Sung Kim ),( Hyun Chae Jung ),( Jong Pil Im ) 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.1
Background/Aims: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at high risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. The useful-ness of the CMV antigenemia assay in active UC patients has rarely been studied. We assessed whether the assay detects CMV colitis and predicts clinical outcomes in patients with UC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pa-tients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe UC from 2003 to 2012. Positive CMV antigenemia was defined as ≥1 pp65-positive cell per 2×105 polymorphonuclear neutrophils. CMV colitis was defined as the presence of inclusion bodies and/or positive im-munohistochemistry in the colonic mucosa. The primary outcome was steroid refractoriness, defined as the absence of clinical improvement after intravenous high-dose steroid administration. Results: A total of 43 patients were enrolled. CMV antigen-emia was detected in 12 (27.9%) patients. Positive CMV antigenemia was significantly associated with CMV colitis (P=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of positive CMV antigenemia for diagnosing CMV colitis were 66.7% and 87.1%, respectively. Steroid refractoriness was found in 11 of 12 (91.7%) and 12 of 31 (38.7%) patients with positive and negative CMV antigenemia, respectively (P=0.002). The independent predictors for steroid refractoriness were positive CMV antigenemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-49.19; P=0.030) and a shorter duration from the diagnosis of UC (adjusted OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P=0.025). Conclusions: The CMV antigenemia assay shows low sensitivity but high specificity for detecting CMV colitis and may predict steroid-refractory UC. Early rescue therapy might be considered in UC patients positive for CMV antigenemia. (Intest Res 2015;13:50-59)
Im, Jae-Jung,Song, Jae-Joon,Kim, Nan-Hee,Heo, Jin-Young,Jung, Gyu-Un,Hwang, Kyung-Gyun,Park, Chang-Joo Korean Academy of Dental Science 2011 Journal of korean dental science Vol.4 No.2
Purpose: For aesthetic reasons, composite resin brackets are widely used. However, related studies are rare. This pilot study sought to compare the stress distributions in two commercially available composite resin brackets with metal slot. Materials and Methods: Two commercially available resin brackets -- full-metal slot resin bracket (fSRB) and partial-metal slot resin bracket (pSRB) with straight wire appliance dimension of $0.022{\times}0.028$ in -- were selected. In each bracket, 3-dimensional finite element models were constructed, and stress level was evaluated using finite element analysis. By loading the tipping force and torsion moment, which are similar to those applied by the stainless steel rectangular wire ($0.019{\times}0.025$ -in), stress distributions were calculated, and von Mises stress values were obtained. Results: In pSRB and fSRB, the stress value of the torque moment was much higher than that of the tipping force. The pSRB showed higher stress value than fSRB in both tipping force and torque moment because of the difference in size and configuration of the metal frame inserted into the slot. More stress was also found to be concentrated on the slot area than the wing area in fSRB. Conclusion: The slot form of fSRB was found to be more resistant to the stress of tipping and torque than the slot form of pSRB. In addition, the slot areas -- rather than the wing areas -- of the bracket showed breakage susceptibility. Therefore, resistance to the torque moment on the slot area should be considered in bracket design.
Inhibition of BET selectively eliminates undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells
Im, Jung Hyun,Hwang, Seon In,Kim, Jong-Wan,Park, Soon-Jung,Kang, Kyu-ree,You, Jueng Soo,Kim, Kee Pyo,Moon, Sung-Hwan,Cha, Hyuk-Jin,Chung, Hyung-Min,Schö,ler, Hans R.,Hyun, Jung Keun,Han, Dong Wook Elsevier 2018 Science bulletin Vol.63 No.8
Hwang, Ji Sun,Kim, Gi-Cheon,Park, EunBee,Kim, Jung-Eun,Chae, Chang-Suk,Hwang, Won,Lee, Changhon,Hwang, Sung-Min,Wang, Hui Sun,Jun, Chang-Duk,Rudra, Dipayan,Im, Sin-Hyeog The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2015 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.194 No.4
<P>IL-31 is a key mediator of itching in atopic dermatitis (AD) and is preferentially produced by activated CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and Th2 cells. Although pathophysiological functions of IL-31 have been suggested in diverse immune disorders, the molecular events underlying <I>IL-31</I> gene regulation are still unclear. In this study we identified the transcription start site and functional promoter involved in <I>IL-31</I> gene regulation in mouse CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. TCR stimulation–dependent IL-31 expression was found to be closely linked with in vivo binding of NFAT1 and JunB to the <I>IL-31</I> promoter. Although NFAT1 alone enhanced <I>IL-31</I> promoter activity, it was further enhanced in the presence of JunB. Conversely, knockdown of either NFAT1 or JunB resulted in reduced <I>IL-31</I> expression. NFAT1-deficient CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells showed a significant defect in <I>IL-31</I> expression compared with wild-type CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. In agreement with these findings, mice subjected to atopic conditions showed much higher levels of IL-31, which were closely correlated with a significant increase in the number of infiltrated NFAT1<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells into the AD ears. Amelioration of AD progression by cyclosporin A treatment was well correlated with downregulation of IL-31 expressions in CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and total ear residual cells. In summary, our results suggest a functional cooperation between NFAT1 and JunB in mediating <I>IL-31</I> gene expression in CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and indicate that interference with this interaction or their activity has the potential of reducing IL-31–mediated AD symptoms.</P>
Baek Jung-Hwan,Kim Myung Sup,Jung Hye Ryeon,Hwang Min-Seon,Lee Chan-ho,Han Dai Hoon,Lee Yong-ho,Yi Eugene C.,Im Seung-Soon,Hwang Ilseon,Kim Kyungeun,Chung Joon-Yong,Chun Kyung-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs due to the accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to fatal liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD is critical for its prevention and therapy. Here, we observed that deubiquitinase USP15 expression was upregulated in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD or NASH. USP15 interacts with lipid-accumulating proteins such as FABPs and perilipins to reduce ubiquitination and increase their protein stability. Furthermore, the severity of NAFLD induced by an HFD and NASH induced by a fructose/palmitate/cholesterol/trans-fat (FPC) diet was significantly ameliorated in hepatocyte-specific USP15 knockout mice. Thus, our findings reveal an unrecognized function of USP15 in the lipid accumulation of livers, which exacerbates NAFLD to NASH by overriding nutrients and inducing inflammation. Therefore, targeting USP15 can be used in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and NASH.