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Characteristics of Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase Purified from Pseudomonas putida
한규형,박영식,정진하,임정빈,Han, Kyu-Hyung,Park, Young-Shik,Chung, Chin-Ha,Yim, Jeong-Bin 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.3
Pseudomonas putida에서 GTP를 $H_2$-neopterin triphosphate으로 전환시키는 효소인 GTP cyclohydrolase를 순수 분리하여 그 구조 및 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. Analytical gel filtration 방법을 사용하여 분자량을 측정하였는데, 이 효소는 분자량이 약 460,000의 고분자 형태와 약 120,000의 저분자 형태로 존재함을 발견하였다. 즉, 이 효소를 포함하는 효소용액의 ionic strength 또는 pH가 높아질수록, 혹은 효소의 농도가 낮아질수록 가역적으로 고분자에서 저분자 형태로 전환된다. 효소의 두 형태는 모두 효소활성 을 지니고 있으며, 온도와 pH에 따른 효소활성의 변화양상, 그리고 negative cooperativity의 정도는 서로 비슷하였다. 그러나 열처리 및 pH에 따른 효소의 안정도, 기질에 대한 친화도 등은 차이가 있었다. 고분자와 저분자 형태 사이의 가역적인 상호전환과 negative cooperativity는 Pseudomonas putida에서 GTP cyclohydrolase의 활성조절에 관여 할 것 이라고 사료된다. GTP cyclohydrolase, an enzyme that catalyze the first reaction in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the pteridine portion of folic acid, was purified from Pseudomonas putida by 3,000-fold to apparent homogeneity. Its molecular weight is estimated at 460,000. At relatively high concentrations of salt (e.g. 0.3 M KCl) the enzyme can be dissociated into seemingly identical subunits of 120,000 molecular weight. Removal of salt allows reassociation. This conversion to the dissociated form was promoted by increasing the ionic strength or pH of the buffer and by decreasing the concentration of the enzyme solution. GTP at concentration of $30\;{\mu}M$ did not promote the reassociation of the subunits in the presence of 0.3 M salt. When the enzyme was subjected to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel under denaturating conditions only one protein band was evident; its molecular weight was estimated at 13,000. Partial amino acid sequence of this enzyme from $NH_2$-terminal was Thr-Leu-Glx-Trp-His-Glx-. These observations suggest that the enzyme consists of four identical subunits and that each subunit contains 8 to 10 identical polypeptide chains. Both the high and low molecular weight forms possess catalytic activity and both showed similar degrees of negative cooperativity. However, two enzyme forms were dissimilar in following properties: dependence of stability on heating and pH, affinity to substrate (The $K_m$ values for GTP are $17\;{\mu}M$ and $3\;{\mu}M$ for the high molecular weight form and the dissociated form, respectively).
Purification and Characterization of Human Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G
강구일,김사열,정혜영,배성준,Kang, Koo-Il,Ghim, Sa-Youl,Joung, Hye-Young,Bae, Sung-Jun 생화학분자생물학회 1989 한국생화학회지 Vol.22 No.4
사람의 중성구 elastase와 cathepsin G를 젤 여과법과 이온교환크로마토그라프에 의하여 분리하였다. 이들 두 효소는 각각 항체에 대한 특이한 면역반응을 보였다. Elastase의 분자량은 29K, 30K, 30.5K이며 cathepsin G의 분자량은 28.5K, 29K이었다. 이 두 효소들의 분자량보다 2 kilodalton 큰 분자들도 존재하나 이들 분자는 분자 내의 s-s 결합의 분해에 의한 SDS-PAGE상의 분자이동의 차이에서 생긴 현상으로 생각된다. 일가이온인 $Na^+$, $Li^+$, $K^+$ 및 $Cs^+$는 농도에 따른 elastase의 활성도에 영향을 주고 2가이온은 40 mM까지는 농도에 비례하여 활성도를 증가시키고 그 이후는 plateau에 도달하였다. lmM 미만의 DIFP, PMSF, ${\alpha}_1-PI$ 및 ${\alpha}_2-MG$은 사람 중성구 elastase의 활성도를 완전히 억제하였으나 같은 부류에 속하는 leupeptin은 별영향이 없었다. 이것으로 보아 elastase의 활성도 억제는 active site 이외의 다른 기전이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Human neutrophil elastase(HNE) and human neutrophil cathepsin G (HNCG) were purified by a two-step procedure involving gel filtration through Ultrogel AcA54 and ion-exchange chromatography through CM-sephadex C-25. The purified elastase and cathepsin G cross-reacted with anti-HNE antibody and anti-HNCG antibody respectively. Three elastases have molecular weights of 29,000, 30,000, and 30,500 determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two cathepsin Gs have the molecular weights of 28,500 and 29,000. There was another group of elastases which showed molecular weights of 2000 dalton higher than the other group of elastase. The discrepancy or the diversity of molecular weights of HNE seems to be caused mainly by the disparity of intra-molecular disulfide bonds of HNE. Monovalent ions including $Na^+$, $Li^+$, $K^+$ and $Cs^+$ stimulated HNE by concentration dependency. Divalent ions also stimulated HNE very effectively at the concentration of less than 40 mM and then reached the plateau. HNE was completely inhibited by less than 1 mM of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ${\alpha}_1$-protease inhibitor $({\alpha}_1-PI)$, and ${\alpha}_2$-macroglobulin$({\alpha}_2-MG)$ which are catagorized as general endoprotease inhibitor. But leupeptin, which is known as serine and thiol-protease inhibitor, was ineffective on inhibition of HNE.