PCR을 이용한 국내 및 수입 축산물 유래 Listeria monocytogenes의 유전학적 분석연구

우용구,이수화,이철현,최정수,류재두,김영일,이오수,김봉환 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

One hundred-fifty two of Listeria strains were isolated from domestic chicken carcasses, a slaughter-houses from nationwide from 1996 to 1997 and imported livestock products from a ten foreign countries including the USA, China, France and Thailand. To substitute the laborious and time consuming procedures of clinical laboratory standard diagnostic methods, the rapid and specific multiplex PCR(M-PCR), which was designed to amplify a three kinds of genes simultaneously f3r specific detection and differentiation of L. monocytogenes(LM) by one step procedure, was established. The LM strains confirmed with M-PCR were analysed to their genetic diversities by RAPD using the two primers(D87 & MMTl), and also evaluated on their discriminatory abilities(na) between two primers. our study also conducted the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR for evaluation of the possibility of REP and ERIC elements for genetic subtyping of LM strains. According to the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting patterns, LM strains were divided into 7(ERIC-type) and 4(REP-type) major clusters at the relative clone cut off value of 80%. According to the computer analysis of PCR results using the GelCompar Ⅱ software, ERIC-PCR(DI=0.955) had expressed the most high discriminatory ability and followed by REP-PCR(DI=0.952), RAPD(D87; 0.954, MMT1; 0.937), in order. The combined analysis of the present PCR results was also expressed the reliable and useful discriminatory ability(DI=0.916). This study suggested that PCR based methods could be used as an reliable, reproducible, rapid, and highly discriminatory method for the genetic differentiation of genus Listeria.

OSP 투자지능화 시스템의 고찰

오구영,임미숙,정재우,조용환 충북대학교 컴퓨터 정보통신 연구소 2000 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 논문은 OSP(Outside Plant) 투자지능화 시스템개발을 위해서 국내외에서 개발하여 사용하고 있는 선로투자공급 시스템들에 대하여 관심을 두고, 관련된 시스템들을 조사하여 각각의 시스템의 특징 및 구성에 대하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 국내 통신 사업체에서 통신망 계획 및 분석을 위해 앞으로 개발하여야 할 선로투자공급 모형에 대한 기준을 제시한다. This paper analysed systems that are developed as relevant systems for OSP. We focused their distinction and composition of each system which are developed and used to interior and overseas. This result is able to propose the standard model of a Intelligent System for OSP model which have to develop system for plan and analysis of communication network to telecommunication operator.

현행 지구과학 Ⅰ 교과서의 내용분석 : 천문분야를 중심으로

姜用熙,具本佑 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

We have analysed astronomical contents described in 4 kinds of Earth Science-Ⅰ textbooks currently used in high schools of Korea. Astronomical terminologies which have two or more Korean synonyms are investigated. We suggest to improve or correct synonyms used in different kind of Earth Science textbooks to avoid confusion and/or misconception. Appropriate sets of astronomical expriments and inquiry activities are chosen by considering laboratory circumstances in high schools.

금속분말 사출성형공정 중 초임계 CO_2를 이용한 탈지공정에서 공용매 효과

김용호,임종성,이윤우,박종구,이창하 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

초임계상태에서 공용매의 첨가는 용매의 밀도와 성질을 변화시켜 용해력을 증진시키게 된다. 이러한 이유로 초임계 유체를 이용한 추출공정에서 추출효율을 높이기 위해 공용매를 첨가하는 방법을 많이 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 금속분말사출성 형공정 중 초임계 CO_2를 이용한 탈지 공정에서 공용매 첨가가 탈지시간에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 공용매로는 methanol, I-butanol, n-hexane, dichloromrthane을 사용하였다. Paraffin wax가 주결합제인 시편의 경우 348.15K, 25MPa의 조건에서 5w% n-hexane을 첨가하면 순수 초임계 CO_2만을 이용하여 탈지할 때보다 탈지속도가 2배 이상 증가하였고, 압력과 공용매의 농도 증가에 따라 탈지시간을 더욱 단축시킬 수 있었다. 또한 탈지속도를 Fick의 diffusion model에 적용시켜 계산한 결과 실험값과 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 이용하여 paraffin wax의 확산도를 구할 수 있었다. In this study, we have investigated the effect of cosolvents on supercritical CO_2 debinding in metal injection molding(MIM) process. We used mrthanol, l-butanol, n-hexane, and dichloromethane as cosolvents. In paraffin wax based systerm, the debinding rate was ebhanced when non-polar or midium-polar cosolvents, such as n-hexane or dichloromrthane was added into supercritical CO_2, while it was decreased when polar cosolvents such as methanol or l-butanol was added. For example, the debinding rate enhanced more than two times by adding 5wt% of n-hexane into supercritical CO_2 under 348.2 K, 25 MPa in paraffin wax based system. Itwas also found that the debinding rate was much more enhanced with increasing concentration of n-hexane or dichoromethane in paraffin wax based system and increasing system pressure. The kinetics of debinding were investigated using the Fick's diffusion model and they showed good agreement with experimental data. By using this model, the diffusivities of paraffin wax into supercritical solvent could be evaluated in each experimental conditions.

심장수술 시 농축적혈구, 자가수혈기 혈액, 체외 순환기 혈액에서의 유리 혈색소 농도 비교

송장호,구승우,백종화,정용보,이정순,최인철 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Intraoperative autotransfusion or residual blood in a cardiopulmonaty bypass (CPB) circuit has been used to reduce the need for an homologous blood transfutsion during cardiac surgery. However, it may contain some free hemoglobin released from damaged cells. The load of blood containing free hemoglobin may cause renal dysfunction. We measured the amount of free hemoglobin in backed blood, cell saver blood and CPB blood to evaluate what is the least hemolytic blood transfused in cardiac surgery. Methods: This study was performed in 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In each patient, the banked blood, intraoperative salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood were sampled at the end of the operation. The concentration of free hemoglobin, hemoglobin and platelet counts were measured in these blood samples and percent of hemolysis was calculated (%hemolysis = [free hemoglobin] / .free hemogloben + hemoglobin]) Results: In salvaged blood with a cell saver, CPB residual blood and banked blood, hemoglobin concentrations were 20.1 ± 2.7 g/dl, 8.0 ± 1.1 g/dl, and 22.2 ± 2.7 g/dl, respectively. Free hemoglobin concentrations were 336.6 ± 239.5 mg/dl, 49.2 ± 26.8 mg/dl, and 279.5 ± 167.5 mg/dl respectively. Platelet counts were 26.1 ± 22.2 × 10^3/mm^3, 116.8 ± 56.5 × 10^3/mm^3, and 94.9 ± 43.6 × 10^3/mm^3 respectively. % Hemolysis were 1.6 ± 1.1%, 0.6 ± 0.4%, and 1.2 ± 0.7% respectively. In the comparison between the salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood, free hemoglobin concentration, % hemolysis, and platelet counts had positive correlations (r = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6). Conclusions: In twenty cardiac surgeries, CPB residual blood had a lower free hemoglobin level than the other two blood groups. The platelet counts in CPB residual blood were higher than those in cell saver blood but did not differ from those in banked blood. Therefore, CPB residual blood was the least hemolytic blood among the three blood groups when a transfusion was performed in cardiac surgery. (Korean J Acesthesiol 2002; 43: 588~593)

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

월경전 기분 변화와 출산후 불안-우울 증상간의 상관성

한창수,김용구,이낙우,김 탁,김해중,김 현,조숙행 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

To investigate the relationship between premenstrual mood changes and anxiety, and mood symptoms in the perinatal period , questionaire survey was carried out. There was no significant correlation between premenstrual symptom scale value and Edinburgh postpartum depression scale value. And theme was no relationship between premenstrual symptom scale value and state anxiety inventory scale value in the perinatal period. This findings suggest that premenstrual mood changes are not directly correlated with mood changes in the perinatal period.

S-619 The Impact of De-restriction of Piperacillin/tazobactam on Antibiotic Usage and Resistance Patterns

( Woo Yong Jeong ),( Moo Hyun Kim ),( Yong Chan Kim ),( Dong Hyun Oh ),( Eun Jin Kim ),( Je Eun Song ),( In Young Jung ),( Su Jin Jeong ),( Jun Yong Choi ),( June Myung Kim ),( Nam Su Ku ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Background: Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics remains one of the most important factors affecting bacterial resistance. An antibiotic restriction policy is actively used in several hospitals. In July, 2011 de-restriction of piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) was started at Severance hospital. This study evaluated the change on the usage pattern of antibiotics, and the impact on antibiotic resistance patterns. Methods: We obtained the data on annual consumption of PTZ and extended spectrum cephlosporin (Ceftazidime, cefriaxone, cefepime) from the Pharmacy department of the 2000-bed university hospital in periods before PTZ de-restriction (July, 2010 to June, 2011), and after (July, 2011 to June, 2014). Antibacterial usage was expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 patients day (DDD/1000 patients-day). Susceptibility test was done for most frequently isolated four species (including as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.) during 4 years. Results: Before the PTZ de-restrction, the usage of PTZ was 206.7 DDD/per 1,000 patients days and after PTZ de-restriction, there were increase usage of PTZ significantly. The usage of 3rd generation cephalosporin the after period showed decrease compared with the previous period. Rates of resistance of Escherichia coli to the cephalosporin showed increase after PTZ de-restriction but theses of resistance to PTZ showed decrease. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed no significant change of resistance to cephalosporin, by comparison, resistance to PTZ of Klebsiella pneumoniae was decreased. Both rates of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cephalosporin and PTZ were decreased. The resistance changes of Acinetobacter spp. to the cephalosporin and PTZ had no statically significant. Conclusions: After the de-restriction of PTZ, the usage of PTZ has increased, while the usage of extensive spectrum cephalosporin has decreased. Replacement of only the antibiotics usage and class appears to be insufficient to explain the change of resistance pattern, and further studies to reveal the cause are needed. ?

Finding the Sources of Korean Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis PT4 Isolates by Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis

Woo Yong-Ku The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.5

In previous studies, it has been reported that both S. enteritidis, the most common serotype, and S. enteritidis Phage Type 4 (SEPT 4) isolates were identified as the most prevalent PT in domestic poultry and also in humans in Korea until 2002. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and epidemiological properties of both PT isolates, and also to trace the source of SEPT 4 isolates from domestic poultry and humans by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In order to understand the molecular epidemiologic properties of SEPT 4 isolates, which have very similar phenotypic properties to our preliminary investigations (serotyping, phage typing, large plasmids and antibiograms), PFGE analysis with XbaI enzyme was performed on the representative SEPT 4 isolates. Thirty-six SEPT 4 isolates were analyzed and differentiated with 10 pulsed-field profiles (PFP) expressing very high discriminative ability (SID: 0.921). In PFP, SEPT 4 isolates from human patients showed a perfect genetic match with those from broiler chickens and meats. Therefore, this study was able to successfully trace the major source of SEPT 4 isolates and also to determine the usefulness of the PFGE method for genetic analysis of epidemic strains.

Fowl Cholera Outbreak in Domestic Poultry and Epidemiological Properties of Pasteurella multocida Isolate

Yong-Ku Woo,Jae-Hak Kim 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.3

Symptoms of fowl cholera including orofacial edema, swollen and edematous wattles and combs, and severe respiratory disorders were detected in domestic poultry in two broiler breeder farms: one located in Gyeong-gi Province (October, 2000) and the other in Chung-cheong-nam Province (March, 2001). Gram-negative, bipolar staining bacillus was easily found in a direct smear. The biochemical properties of isolates were examined using a standard diagnosis method, proving that they were 99.7% similar to the Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida: PM), a pathogenic and causative agent of fowl cholera (FC). As a result, an FC outbreak in domestic fowls was confirmed for the first time in Korea since 1942. Because FC was detected in broiler breeder farms for the first time in 59 years at the same time as an FC outbreak was confirmed in wild birds (October, 2000), our concern was focused on whether the PM strains that originated in wild birds were transmitted into poultry farms. The possibility was tracked down by comparing phenotypic and genetic properties between the two types of PM strains. PM strains of chicken origin showed prominent differences from the PM strains of wild bird origin in both phenotypic and genetic properties. An examination of the origin of the wild bird bacteria was conducted, but no evidence has been identified that PM strains from the wild bird were introduced into domestic poultry farms.