Korean Early Study Abroad Students' Academic Development in English Monolingual Classrooms

( Lee¸ Bong Jeong ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2021 중등영어교육 Vol.14 No.4

Academic achievement is challenging for Korean early study abroad students since they are to catch up to new subject contents in English, the unfamiliar language which they are simultaneously learning. Their academic development will thus depend on how they overcome language barrier and reach a grade level of English. Employing seven Korean youths who studied in Australian secondary schools, this qualitative study explores the lived experiences of their academic development in English monolingual classrooms. Findings reveal that the participants’ initial levels of English were not sufficient in their academic adaptation, so they adopted multiple strategies to overcome their academic and linguistic constraints. This enabled them to achieve academic success and to go to university, but it also contributed to shaping limited pathways in their studies and often had long-term consequences in their life. In conclusion, there seems to be an inherent risk in placing newly arrived students in an English monolingual classroom and it is better to provide students with linguistic and academic assistance.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

원문 : 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향

조봉오 ( Bong Oh Cho ),이인녕 ( In Yeong Lee ),정균근 ( Gyun Geun Jeong ),장창현 ( Chang Hyun Jang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

조봉오, 이인녕, 정균근, 장창현. 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 3호, 241-248, 2014. 본 연구의 목적은 일과 중 대부분을 좌업근무 형태로 업무를 수행하고, 스트레스로 인해 음주가 잦고, 운동이 부족한 30대 남자 사무직 음주자 15명을 대상으로 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 사무직 근로자에게 건강관리에 필요한 정보를 제공하는데 있다. S대학 운동 생리학 실험실에서 사전 인적 사항과 설문을 작성하고, 신장, 체중, 채혈, 혈압, 혈관탄성, BMI를 측정하였다. 알코올 섭취 횟수, 섭취량, 좌업 시간, 그리고 음주 섭취 전과 후 및 시간대별 (10분, 40분, 60분) 혈압과 혈관탄성의 변화를 측정 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 평균 좌업시간이 9.87시간, 음주횟수 및 음주량은 월 평균 9.13회와 12.47잔 이였다. 2) 알코올 섭취횟수 및 섭취량에 따른 BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, 혈압과 혈관탄성 비교에서 알코올 섭취횟수에서 좌상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 3) 알코올 섭취 전, 후 비교 분석 결과 우상지와 좌상지의 혈관탄성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 4) 알코올 섭취 후 시간대별 우상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 좌업 시간이 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았고, 알코올 섭취는 혈관탄성에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이는 직장생활의 스트레스를 음주로 해소하는 경향이 있음을 보여주며 건강에 부정적인 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 신체가 음주에 적응되어 실험 시 섭취한 적은 양(1/2병)은 1회 12.47잔에 비해 혈압과 혈관탄성에 큰 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 사료된다. Cho, Bong-Oh, Lee, In-Yeong, Jeong, Gyun-Geun, Jang, Chang-Hyun. Effects of Sedentary Occupation Time and Alcohol Intake on Blood Pressure and Vascular Compliance in 30s Male White-Collar Workers. Exercise Science, 23(3): 241-248. 2014. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of duration of sedentary office work and alcohol intake on blood pressure and vascular compliance in male subjects who were office workers aged between 30 to 39 and frequently drink alcoholic beverages to cope with their stress without exercising for health. The study was to provide health-related information necessary for white-collar workers. We collected data of demographic information, height, weight, blood sample, blood pressure, vascular compliance, and BMI from 15 subjects in S University`s Exercise Physiology Laboratory, and analyzed the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, duration of sedentary work, and changes in blood pressure and vascular compliance at diffident time points (10, 40, and 60 minutes post drinking) from baseline. I t was found that the average time of sedentary work was 9.87 hours, drinking 9.13 times a month on average, 12.47 glasses of alcohol beverages per drink. In comparison of BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, blood pressure and vascular compliance upon the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, the upper left limb`s vascular compliance had a statistically significant difference (p<.05). In the result of the comparative analysis of pre-and post-drinking, vascular compliance was significantly different in the upper right and left limbs (p<.05). Vascular compliance in the upper right limb after drinking significantly changed (p<.05). As a result, the duration of sedentary work had no statistically significant difference in blood pressure and vascular compliance. T he vascular compliance after drinking h ad a statistically significant difference. This suggested that the result was an index that shows the trend of the office workers releasing their work stress by drinking alcoholic beverages, and that drinking had negative impacts on them. In addition, a small amount of intake (a half bottle) at the test time, after the body was adjusted to drinking, compared with 12.47 glasses per intake, had no great impacts on blood pressure and vascular compliance.

GC-ECD를 이용한 유기염소계 및 Pyrethroid계 농약 동시 분석법

김우성,이선화,김재이,정지윤,이명자,박영채,이영자,정성욱,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample for the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ㎍/㎎ when this method was used.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

중년기의 스포츠 체력특성에 관한 연구

鄭升溶,崔淙洙,李鍾珏,金昌範,長鳳愚 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1990 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The study aims to have cognizance of middle-aged mental and physiological properties by means of presenting the feature of physical strength, and to make middle-aged people try to prevent symptoms of senility and live a healthy and beneficial life for the rest of their days by means of showing a program of physical exercise suitable for middle-aged people. According to the middle-aged feature of physical strength, the decline of physical strength and physilogical function was remarkable. Individual variation in physical strength was wide and bodily organization was likely to get damaged easily as one attains an advanced age. Middle-aged people was slower in revovering and blood pressure was higher than young one after the same physical exercise. In conclusion, middle-aged people must build up his physical strength and try to prevent symptoms of senility through light physical exercises rather than heavy ones.

동축선로형 λ/4초크 대역억제필터의 최적화

정봉식,이규한,김진길 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1999 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

In this paper the band-stop filter that rejects the undesired 3th and 5th harmonics generated from high frequench generator is analyzed and optimized. The length of the band-stop filter is setup initially a quarter of a wavelength fo the harmonic, but initial filter structure is unable to cutoff the harmonics because of the fringing effect at the input of the choke. To reduce the mismatch between the cutoff frequency and the harmonics, the length of the choke is optimized by using iterative Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm.

八味地黃丸과 六味地黃丸의 效能에 關한 文獻的 考察

李彦政,宋峰根,金永學,오로사 대한동의병리학회 1996 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.10 No.2

八味地黃丸과 六味地黃丸은 漢代 張仲景의 〈金궤要略〉과 宋代 錢乙의 〈小兒樂證直訣〉에 각각 처음 收錄된 이래 歷代 醫學에 八味地黃丸은 腎陰虛에 사용되어 왔으며 六味地黃丸은 腎陽虛에 사용되는 處方으로 기록되어 왔다. 이에 저자는 腎陽虛 및 腎陰虛에 광범위하게 應用되는 八味地黃丸과 六味地黃丸의 效能, 主治, 現代 臨床活用, 藥理作用에 대해 考察하였다. 그 결과 八味地黃丸 效能은 溫和腎氣, 溫補腎陽하며, 六味地黃丸 效能은 滋腎陰 補肝血 制火로 要約할 수 있었으며, 八味地黃丸은 腎氣不足, 腎陽不足으로 인한 面色蒼白, 頭昏, 耳鳴, 腰酸脚軟, 身半以下常有冷感, 小便不利 或 頻數 脈沈遲 或虛弱, 消渴, 水腫, 久泄, 轉胞, 男子陽위 또는 女子子宮虛寒으로 인한 不姙, 舌淡笞白 等의 諸般 證狀을 治療하는데 사용되어 왔으며, 八味地黃丸은 腎陰不足이나 肝腎不足으로 인한 陰虛發熱을 포함한 骨蒸潮熱 或 手心煩熱, 頭目眩??, 耳??, 咽喉燥痛, 齒牙不固, 腰腿수軟, 遺精, 消渴, 舌紅少苔 或 無苔 脈細, 少便淋閉, 五臟虧損, 自汗溫汗, 諸血 等의 諸般 證狀을 治療하는데 활용되었음을 알 수 있었다. 최근에는 泌尿器系疾患, 高血壓, 糖尿病, 精神疾患, 老人性 眼疾患, 慢性 呼吸器疾患 等에 八味地黃丸과 六味地黃丸이 공통적으로 活用되고 있으며, 性機能 및 生殖器疾患 등에는 八味地黃丸이 活用되며, 甲狀腺機能亢進症, 消花器系, 癌類, 小兒 營養不良 等에는 六味地黃丸이 活用되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 八味地黃丸과 六味地黃丸의 藥理作用은 모두 血壓降下, 糖代謝 改善, 肝機能 改善, 腎機能 改善, 혈중 脂質代謝 改善, 免役機能 增强作用이 있으며, 八味地黃丸은 그 외에 Glutathion代謝 影響, 호르몬 影響, 耐寒性 增加, 腦下垂體-副腎皮質機能 改善 等이 있으며, 六味地黃丸은 그 외에 癌誘發 抑制作俑, Interferon 誘導作用 等이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Palmijihwanghan(PJH) and Yukmijihwanghan(YJH) has been widely used as the basic priscriptions for the deficiency of Yin and Yang of kidney. So the study has been carried out to investigate the effects, symptoms, indications and pharmacology of the PJH and YJH. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The effect of PJH is warming and regulation the kidney-Qi and warming and strengthen the kidney-Yang. While the effect of YJH is nourishing the kidney-Yin, nourishing the liver-blood and managing the fire. 2. PJH is used for the treatment of such symptoms caused by dificiency of the kidney-Qi or the kidney-Yang as facial pallidness. dizziness and tinnitus, back pain and leg weakness, cold sensation in lower body, dysuria or urinary frequency, deep and slow or feeble pulse, thirst, edema, persistent diarrhea, painful urination, impotence, dizziness and tinnitus, dry and painful throat, weakness of the teeth, back pain and leg weakness, emmision, thirst, flushed tongue without fur, feeble pulse, dysuria, weakness of the five viscera, spontaneous sweating, perspiration during sleep, and bleeding, which are caused by deficiency of the kidney-Yin or the function of kidney and liver. 3. Both PJH and YJH have been commonly used for treatment of disease of urinary tract disease, hypertension, diabetic mellitus, psychopathy, chronic pulmonary disease. While PJH is applied for the sexual and genital disorders, YJH is for hyperthyrodism, mass in the digestive system and children's malnutrition. 4. The pharmacology of PJH and YJH is commonly the lowering the blood pressure, promoting the glycometabolism, renal function and lipid metabolism, and increasing the immune function. Besides PJH affects on the glutathion metabolism, and hormonal function, increases the cold tolerance ability and improves the function of the pituitary-adrenal cortex, while YJH has the effects of inhibiting the carciogenic action and inducing the interferon secreation.

인터넷 게임을 이용한 초 중등학생용 과학 실험 자료의 개발

이봉우,신영준,손정우 仁川敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2004 과학교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구는 인터넷 게임을 기반으로 초·중학교 학생들의 과학적 탐구 능력을 기를 수 있는 다양한 실험 활동들을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으며, 인터넷 기반의 게임으로 구현하는 방법과 과정에 대한 것이다. 게임의 장르 중 어드벤처 게임 형식을 택하여 학생들의 예측·분석·판단의 기능과 과학 탐구 능력을 기를 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 특히 오프라인에서의 실험 경험과 온라인에서의 게임을 결합한 새로의 형태의 과학 학습 프로그램 제작 과정을 개발하여 구현하였다. 그리고, 인터넷에 기반한 게임 속에 실험 활동을 구현하는 방안과 게임을 통한 과학 실험 교수·학습 모형을 구안하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop science experimental materials using internet game for elementary and middle school students. Adventure game type is used in this internet game based learning(IGBL). Through this program, we searched methods for nurturing of Students' scientific inquiry abilities. We developed a process of making new typed programs that combined real experimental experiences with on-line games and embodied it. And, we constructed methods for experimental activities in internet-based games, science experimental teaching and learning model.

혈액투석요법 시행 중인 만성 신부전환자에서 혈청 갑상선 홀몬농도에 관한 연구

이정호,이예봉,윤성철 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

To investigate the thyroid hormonal changes and their mechanisms in patients with chronic renal failure, we measured serum levels of the thyroid hormones using rediommunoassay and calculated each ratio of serum thyroid hormones in 20 patients with chronic renal failure who were on hemodialysis therapy. The following results were obtained. 1) The serum T_3 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with chronic renal failure(0.75±0.23㎍/l) than in normal subjects(1.18±0.37㎍/l). 2) The serum T_4 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with CRF(4.96±1.20㎍/l) than in normal subjects(8.45±1.55㎍/dl). 3) The serum FT_4 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with CRF(0.69±0.22ηg/ml) than in normal subjects(1.18±0.15ηg/ml). 4) The serum TSH concentrations in patients with CRF (2.08±2.38μμ/ml) tends to be greater than normal subjects(1.65±0.79μu/ml). But it was not significant statistically. 5) The serum rT_3 concentrations in patients with CRF (21.95±14.79ηg/ml) tends to be greater than normal subjects(18.5±2.80ηg/ml). But it was not significant statistically. 6) The calculated serum concentration ratios of T_3/T_4 and rT_3/T_3 in patients with CRF(0.17±0.09 and 38.30±43.31 : presented as Mean±SEM) dis not differ significantly that of normal subjects(0.14±0.04 and 17.04±5.71). But the serum concentration ratio of rT_3, T_3 in patients with CRF(4.53±2.73) was significantly greater than in normal subjects(2.25±0.50) 7) There was no significant difference in thyroid functions between male & female patients with CRF. 8) The serum T_3, T_4, TSH and rT_3 concentrations not related to the duration of hemodialysis, but serum FT_4 concentrations was lower in patients treated with hemodialysis for more than 36monts(0.49±0.10ηg/ml) than in patients treated with hemodialysis for less than 36months(0.74±0.22ηg/ml). It was concluded that the serum T_3, T_4 & FT_4 concentrations were significantly decreased, while calculated serum concentration ratios of rT_3/T_4 was significantly increased in patients with CRF. Thus we estimates that this decreased thyroid function in patients with CRF may reflect the alteration of serum rT_3 metabolism or increased peripheral conversion of T_4 to rT_3. It is also estimated that chronic hemodialysis leads to a propotional decline of thyroid hormone.