柔道 競技內容에 關한 硏究 : 국가대표 최종 선발전을 중심으로 centering around final elimination match of the national representative

羅采珍,姜忠植 公州大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 1996 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.10

A tournament which is held for National Judo matches and the selection of national representative. We investigate the skill of recording and faul. We come to the conclusion as follows in light weight matches the frequency of using techniques a low centered hand-skill like soei-mage was most popular skill and used small techniques such as kosoto-gari, kouchi-gari and so on in heavy weight games use a high centered and widely appled techniques such as Harai-goshi. A) In Extra Light weight games the Frequency of using techniques are kosoto-gake 19.5%, Ykoguruma, Yoko-shiho-gateme, kouch-gari 3.2% in that order B) In half Light weight Games Kouchi-gari 31.8%, is most frequent techniques C) In light weight Games the Frequency of using techniques are kani-uchi-gari 17.3%, kami-shino-gatame, ko-kesa-aori, Harai-tsurikomi-ashi in that order D) In half middle weight Games the frequency of using techniques are seoi-nage 16.1%, kouch-gari, kani-uchi-gari Yokegake 3.2%, uchimate E) In middle weight Games the frequency of using techniques are seoinage 27.8%, uchimate, kani-uchi-gari 11.1% Hon-kesa-gatame in that order F) In Half heavy weight Games the frequency of using techniques are uchi-mate 21.4%, Tate-shiho-gatame, Harai-goshi, O-sot-gari 3.6%, in that order G) In Heavy weight Games the frequency of using techniques are o-soto-gari 15.0%, Harai-goshi, ko-kesa-gari, kani-shino-gatame 2.5% [counter measure] A) We have to develope the skill of defence and attack that is uchi-mata o-soto-gari and so on B) In Light matches, higher frequency of waist skill We need to preparation C) Heavy weight athletes need to the skill of Hon-kesa-gatame.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

데이터 레지스트리 기반 XML 데이터 타입 지원 방안

백두권,나홍석,채진석 高麗大學校附設 컴퓨터科學技術硏究所 1999 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.2 No.-

차세대 인터넷 문서 작성 표준인 XML(eXtensible Markup Language)은 차세대 인터넷 문서 표준으로서 구조적 문서와 사용자 정의 태그를 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나, XML 스팩 1.0에서는 기초적인 데이터 타입만을 정의하였으며, 데이터 타입을 위해 발표한 XML 스키마에서도 데이터 타입 부류 정의와 타입 정의 규칙만 정의하였을 뿐, 타입의 관리와 운용에서 한계를 갖는다. 이러한 문제점은 타입 시스템의 이용으로 얻을 수 있는 이점인, 요소에 대해 질의, 연산자의 이용, 데이터 교환의 자동화 등의 장점을 이용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 XML 데이터 타입의 정의, 표현, 이용을 위한 환경을 제시하고 데이터 레지스트리 기반의 타입 정보 시스템을 설계 구현하였다. 논문에서 제안한 환경에서 표준화되고 공유할 수 있는 데이터 요소를 제공할 수 있는 데이터 레지스트리를 이용한다. XML 스키마로 전환이 가능한 데이터 타입 데이터 요소를 정의하기 위하여 타입 정보를 담당하는 요소들을 추출한다. 추출된 요소들을 형식 언어로 전환할 수 있는 전환규칙을 갖는다. 데이터 레지스트리에 저장된 데이터 요소는 XML에서 사용할 수 있는 형식인 XML 스키마로 변환하여 XML 데이터 타입 namespaces에 저장된다. 본 논문에서 구현한 타입 레지스트리는 개발자에게 XML 데이터 타입 정의와 이용을 할 수 있는 환경을 제공함으로써 XML에서 데이터 타입을 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 데이터 타입 정보기반을 제공한다. XML (eXtensible Markup Language)'ll become a next internet standard document format, and enables IT(Information Technology) developers to define their own tags and to write a structural document. But there aren't enough datatypes defined in XML Specification version 1.0. But if there is a type system in XML, then it's possible to use operators or queries about elements or other facilities by using type system. In this paper, we propose a method to define, represent and use datatype by DR(Data Registry). Also we design a Data Registry system served as XML datatype Namespaces and a type information server which stores data elements and schemas to describe the definition and the formal description of datatypes. In this work, some methods are presented to map attributes of datatype into data elements in DR. Our work gives developers an environment to define and use datatypes, so under the environment of XML type information based on the data registry, they easily do their job related with the development of applications in the area of EDI or CALS/EC using XML documents as a protocol.

實生活 問題解決에 關한 自己評價尺度의 開發

朴鎭玹,羅東晉,宋在鴻 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1987 學生生活硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Only a few studies have explicitly attended to the personal problem-solving process within the counseling literature, perhaps due in part to the dearth of relevant assessment instruments. An individual's self-appraisal of his or her problem-solving ability will affect his or her problem-solving performance. This study examines the dimensions underlying the applied problem-solving process and describes the development of a Real-life Problem Solving Instrument (RPSI) based on factor-analysis results. In addition, the study delineates initial reliability and validity estimates of the instrument. Data were collected from three samples of students (ns=123, 33, and 22). The factor analysis revealed three distinct constructs : approach vs. avoidance style, problem-solving confidence and will, and compulsiveness vs. self-control style. Although previous research has focused on stages within problem solving, these results suggest the existence of underlying dimensions across stages within people's perceptions of their real-life, personal problem solving. Reliability estimates of the 32 items revealed that the constructs were internally consistent and stable over time. Initial estimates of validity suggest that the instrument is measuring constructs that are (1) related to general perceptions of problem-solving skills, except for satisfaction with the present problem-solving ability, (2) related in part to intelligence, most notably verbal ability, (3) unrelated to social desirability, (4) related to personality variables, most notably locus of control, and (5) amenable to change through specific skill training in problem solving. The investigation has implications for future research on the personal problem-solving process and provides a research instrument that is easily administered and scored.

세라믹 브라켓의 제거 시 Er : YAG 레이저의 효능

서충환,장나영,채종문,조진형,김상철,강경화 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구에서는 세라믹 브라켓 제거에 Er:YAG 레이저 조사가 도움이 되는지 알아보고, 브라켓 제거에 적합한 레이저 조사 방법을 연구하였으며, 또 이렇게 적용된 레이저가 치수와 법랑질에 손상을 주는지도 알아보았다. 총 190개의 치아, 단결정 세라믹 브라켓(MISO), 다결정 세라믹 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)과 KEY Laser3를 사용하였다. 실험군은 세라믹 브라켓의 종류(단결정, 다결정)와 레이저의 에너지(140, 300, 450, 600 mJ)에 따라 분류하였으며, 레이저를 브라켓당 두 곳에 1펄스씩 조사하고, 전단 강도를 측정하였다. 대조군은 레이저를 조사하지 않는 군으로 하였다. 레이저 조사에 의한 열 효과는 브라켓 하방 법랑질과 치수강에서 측정하였으며, 전단 강도 측정 후 치면에 남아있는 접착제의 양을 접착제 잔류 지수(adhesive remnant index)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 레이저 조사로 인한 접착제의 파괴 양상과 법랑질 표면 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 모든 세라믹 브라켓군에서 레이저 에너지가 증가 할수록 전단 강도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, 브라켓 하방 법랑질에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 3.78˚C 상승에 그쳤으며, 치수강에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 0.9˚C 상승에 그쳤다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 법랑질과 접착제 단면 관찰에서 접착제 표면이 레이저에 의해 붕괴되어 분화구 모양의 구덩이로 관찰되었으며, 일부 시편에서 약 10 - 30μm의 법랑질 손상이 발견되었다. Transbond XT로 부착된 단결정 도재 브라켓(MISO)의 디본딩에 Er:YAG 레이저를 이용할 경우, 300 - 450 mJ의 레이저 에너지를, 그리고 다결정 도재 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)의 경우는 450 mJ 정도의 에너지를 사용하는 것이 효과적이고 안전할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out whether Er:YAG laser can aid in debonding ceramic brackets, and to see what kind of method will be the most appropriate for debonding. Methods: One hundred and ninety teeth, monocrystalline brackets (MISO, HT, Ansan-Si, Korea), polycrystalline brackets (TranscendTM series 6000, 3M Untek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and the KEY Laser3 (KavoDental, Biberach, Germany) were used. Experimental groups were classified according to the type of ceramic brackets, and the amount of laser energy (0, 140, 300, 450, 600 mJ). After applying laser on the bracket at two points at 1 pulse each, the shear bond strength was measured. The effect of heat caused by laser was measured at the enamel beneath the bracket and pulp chamber. After measuring the shear bond strength, adhesive residue was evaluated and enamel surface was investigated using SEM. Results: All ceramic bracket groups showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength as the laser energy increased. The greatest average temperature change was 3.78˚C on the enamel beneath the bracket and 0.9˚C on the pulp chamber. Through SEM, crater shape holes caused by the laser was seen on the enamel and adhesive surfaces. Conclusions: If laser is applied on ceramic brackets for debonding, 300 - 450 mJ of laser energy will be safe and efficient for monocrystalline brackets (MISO), and about 450 mJ for polycrystalline brackets (Transcend series 6000).

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

The transfer characteristics of heavy metals in electronic cigarette liquid

Na, Chae-Jin,Jo, Sang-Hee,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Sohn, Jong-Ryeul,Son, Youn-Suk Academic Press 2019 Environmental research Vol.174 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this research, the concentrations of six heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cd, and Cr) in electronic cigarette (EC) solutions were determined to assess their association with EC use patterns. To this end, their contents were analyzed under three conditions: (1) ECL I: EC liquid was directly taken from EC liquid bottles as purchased from retail, (2) ECL II: EC liquid simply stored in the EC clearomizer for a certain period was collected without any puffing, and (3) ECL III: EC liquid remaining in the EC clearomizer after puffing. Each of all three types of electronic cigarette liquid (ECL) samples selected in this study was analyzed after being stored for up to seven days (at elapsed intervals of 1, 3, and 7 days). Zn and Pb were detected in all types of samples while Cd was all below method detection limit (MDL). Fe, Ni, and Cr were generally below MDL in ECL I, while it was not the case for ECL II and III samples. Especially, Zn, Pb, and Ni levels increased significantly with the use of EC. If the consumption of EC causes alterations in elemental content, such changes can be assessed in terms of ratio values such as “after/before use”. The maximum ratio values for each target, when assessed using ECL III samples, were seen in the following order: 463 (Zn) > 315 (Ni) > 131 (Fe) > 47.9 (Cr) > 36.0 (Pb). As such, EC use is clearly demonstrated as the transfer route of heavy metals.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study investigated heavy metals released into EC liquids through storage or use. </LI> <LI> Heavy metal components can be released by simply contacting the coil and device parts. </LI> <LI> It was confirmed that some of metals were released by the heat supply by the coil. </LI> <LI> All types of routes for metal releases into EC liquids are identified and described. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The occurrence characteristics of heavy metals via vaping of electronic cigarette device

Chae-Jin Na,Ki-Hyun Kim,Sang-Hee Jo 한국분석과학회 2017 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

A Canine Periosteal Osteosarcoma

Hee-Jin Chae,Sang-Kyung Shin,Jin Wook Park,Dongwoo Chang,Gonhyung Kim,Ki-Jeong Na,Byeongwoo Ahn 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.2

A 5-year male mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University due to body weight loss and a rapidly growing large mass in the subcutis of the right lateral thoracic wall posterior to the scapula. At the necropsy, the mass that was attached strongly to the thoracic wall had metastasized to the thoracic cavity, lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. In the cut surface of the mass, there was yellowish white cartilagenous or bony tissue with a multiple lobular pattern. Computer tomography revealed osteolysis in a rib bone. Histopathologically, variable amounts of osteoid, cartilage and fibrous tissues were observed in the neoplastic tissues, even though there was no clear infiltration of tumor cells into the neighboring rib bones. This is believed to be a rare case of a canine periosteal osteosarcoma in a rib that metastasized to the internal soft tissues.

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Cancer Patients Admitted to Korean Intensive Care Units

Soo Jin Na,하태순,서지영,고신옥,Chae-Man Lim,Won-Il Choi, M.D., Ph.D.,Young-Joo Lee,Seok Chan Kim,전규락,Je Hyeong Kim,김재열,Jae Min Lim,Sunghoon Park,김호철,Jin Hwa Lee, M.D., Ph.D.,Ji-Hyun Lee, M.D., Ph.D.,Jisook Pa 대한중환자의학회 2018 Acute and Critical Care Vol.33 No.3

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of critically ill cancer patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Korea. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed prospective collected data from the Validation of Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS3) in Korean ICU (VSKI) study, which is a nationwide, multicenter, and prospective study that considered 5,063 patients from 22 ICUs in Korea over a period of 7 months. Among them, patients older than 18 years of age who were diagnosed with solid or hematologic malignancies prior to admission to the ICU were included in the present study. Results: During the study period, a total of 1,762 cancer patients were admitted to the ICUs and 833 of them were deemed eligible for analysis. Six hundred fifty-eight (79%) had solid tumors and 175 (21%) had hematologic malignancies, respectively. Respiratory problems (30.1%) was the most common reason leading to ICU admission. Patients with hematologic malignancies had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (12 vs. 8, P<0.001) and SAPS3 (71 vs. 69, P<0.001) values and were more likely to be associated with chemotherapy, steroid therapy, and immunocompromised status versus patients with solid tumors. The use of inotropes/vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and/or continuous renal replacement therapy was more frequently required in hematologic malignancy patients. Mortality rates in the ICU (41.7% vs. 24.6%, P<0.001) and hospital (53.1% vs. 38.6%, P=0.002) were higher in hematologic malignancy patients than in solid tumor patients. Conclusions: Cancer patients accounted for one-third of all patients admitted to the studied ICUs in Korea. Clinical characteristics were different according to the type of malignancy. Patients with hematologic malignancies had a worse prognosis than did patients with solid tumor.