초음파검사자 기량검증 체제를 위한 다자비교시험

윤병식,양승한,김영호,김용식,양동순 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.4

국내 원자력발전소의 Class1과 Class2 배관검사에 적용할 수 있는 초음파탐상 검사자, 장비 그리고 절차서에 대한 한국형 기량검증(KPD) 시스템을 구축하였다. PD 방법을 적용한 검사결과와 전통적인 dB-drop 방법을 이용한 검사결과를 상호 비교하기 위하여 Round Robin Test(RRT)를 수행하였다. RRT 결과는 PD 방법의 신뢰성이 dB Drop 방법보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 원자력발전소 가동중검사에 PD 방법을 적용함으로써 초음파탐상검사 결과의 신뢰성이 더욱 향상될 것으로 기대된다. The Korean Performance Demonstration(KPD) System for the ultrasonic testing personnel, equipments and procedures applicable to the Class 1 and 2 piping examination for nuclear power plant in Korean has been established. A round robin test was conducted in order to compare the examination results by the method of Performance Demonstration(PD) with the traditional dB-drop method. As a result, adoption of the PD method to the in-service inspection of the nuclear power plants will improve the reliability of the ultrasonic test results.

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

원자력 발전소 저압 터빈 동익 자동 초음파 검사 기술 개발

양승한,이정빈,김영호,윤병식,김용식 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.4

원자력 발전소의 터빈에서 운전 연수 증가에 따라 pin finger형 블레이드 루트부에 균열이 발생하는 문제점이 발생되었다. 블레이드 루트부에 대한 비파괴검사는 매 계획 예방 정비기간 동안 수동 초음파 검사를 통하여 수행되어 왔으나, 검사의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 해당 설비에 대한 자동 초음파 검사 기술 개발의 필요성이 대두되었으며, 이에 따라 자동 초음파 검사 장비 및 검사 기술을 개발하였다. 개발된 검사 장비의 적용성을 확인하기 위해 계획 예방 정비 기간 중 저압터빈 2,3단 블레이드 루트부에 대한 자동 초음파 검사를 수행하고, 다양한 형태의 터빈 검사에 확대 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. As the turbine running duration in nuclear power plants increases, cracks have been found in the pin finger type blade root area. The nondestructive examination for the blade root area has been carried out by manual ultrasonic examination during the overhaul period, but because of necessity to improve the reliability, we developed an automatic ultrasonic examination system and technique. To demonstrate the performance of the developed automatic ultrasonic examination system, low pressure turbine blades in the 2nd and 3rd stages of nuclear power plants were examined using developed system. Its applicability nuclear power plant turbine roots of various types was also confirmed.

하악 후방 견인력이 성장기 유년의 하악과두에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

양원식,임용규 대한치과교정학회 1990 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular retractive force on the mandibular condyle of growing dog. The experimental animals were six mongrel dogs of two-month old. Their deciduous dentition were completed. Two of them was used as control group, and experimental group was composed of remaining four. Head band and chin cup were made of cotton tape, and hooks are fabricated on the chin cup and had band for closed coil. Mandibular retractive force was 100g/side and chin cap appliance was used for 14 hours/day during night. Experimental group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks from beginning of the experiment. Right TMJ was prepared for histologic study and left TMJ was examined grossly for disc, fossa, and condyle. The conclusions are: 1. Two-month old control animal showed active cartilaginous growth on the mandibular condyle, therefore showed thick proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Remodeling process in the condyle head was observed in which there were bone resorption on the anterior surface and bone apposition on the posterior surface. 2. Four-month old control animal showed marked reduction of hypertrophic zone but the condylar bone remodeling was more pronounced. 3. In experimental group, there are marked reduction of hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks from beginning of experiment, and hypertrophic zone disappeared at posterior-superior portion of condyle in 6-week experimental animal. 8 week experimental animal showed slight recovery of hypertrophic zone. 4. In experimental group, bone deposition was increased at anterior surface of condyle, and bone resorption was increased at posterior surface of condyle. 5. In control group, the glenoid fossa and surrounding bone showed mainly bone apposition. But experimental group showed bone resorption at anterior surface of articular eminence and increased bone apposition at posterior surface of postglenoid spine. 6. No marked traumatic change was seen but 4 weeks and 8 weeks experimental animal showed flattening of posterior surperior condylar surface. Bone marrow of condyle showed minute focal bleeding in 2 weeks and 4 weeks experimental animal, and congestion and depression of hematopoietic bone marrow during all experimental period.

머리부분에 과량의 방사선을 조사받은 흰쥐 위점막 벽세포의 미세구조 연구

김용식,고정식,양남길,안의태,박경호 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 머리부분이 많은 양의 방사선에 노출되었을 때 위점막 벽세포에 나타나는 미세구조적 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 200-250g의 건강한 숫흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 이를 정상군과 실험군(방사선 조사군)으로 나누었다. 실험군은 3,000 rad조사군과 6,000 rad조사군으로 구분하였으며, 방사선 조사후 6시간, 2일 및 6일후에 희생시켰다. 실험군은 sodium thiopental로 마취시킨후 치료방사기(Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV)를 사용하여 머리부분에만 분당 200 rad씩 X-선을 조사하였다. 위조직은 통상적인 전자현미경을 시료작성법에 따라 2.5% glutaraldehyde- 1.5% paraformaldehyde혼합액(0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3)에 1차 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3)에 2차 고정하였다. 고정된 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite혼합액에 포매하였으며, LKB-V ultratome르로 60-70nm두께의 얇은 절편을 작성하였다. 각 절편은 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한후, JEM 100CX-Ⅱ전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 방사선 조사후 6시간군의 경우, 위샘내강쪽으로 벽세포의 일부가 돌출되어 있는 것이 가끔 관찰되었으며, 미세사와 용해소체가 정상군의 것에 비하여 다소 증가되었으나 기타 세포질소기관의 미세구조적 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 2. 방사선 조사후 2일군이 경우, 미세사와 용해소체가 6시간군의 것에 비하여 더 많이 관찰되었다. 3. 방사선 조사후 6일군의 경우, 벽세포는 세포내세관과 미세융모가 미약하였으며 관소포구조의 막성구조가 파괴되고 세포질이 부분용해된 변성세포가 자주 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 머리부분이 과도한 방사선에 노출되면 위점막의 벽세포는 초기에는 별다른 미세구조적 변화가 없으나 6일 정도가 지나면 분비기능에 관계된 미세구조들이 큰 손상을 받게 되므로 분비기능이 매우 약화된다고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the gastric parietal cells of the head-irradiated rats. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The head region of the rat, under sodium thiopental anesthesia. was exposed to 3,000rads or 6,000rads of X-ray radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80cm, and the dose rate was 200rads/min. The rats of experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6 hours, 2 days and 6 days after X-ray irradiation. Pieces of the tissue taken from the body of the stomach were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and in 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Milloning's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. The morphological changes of the parietal cells were not pronounced, six hours after head irradiation. But the parietal cells protruding into the lumen of the gastric gland were infrequently observed and amounts of the microfilaments and lysosomes were slightly increased as compared with those of the control gorup. 2. Two days following irradiation, bundles of the microfilaments and the lysosome in the parietal cells were more frequently observed than those observed in the six hours group. 3. Dramatic decrease of intracellular canaliculi and microvilli of the parietal cells were observed on the 6th day, and destruction of tubulovesicular structures and partial cytolysis or necrosis were observed frequently. Above results suggest that high dose of head irradiation induces indirect hazardous effects on the gastric parietal cells of the rat, and the irradiated animals might suffered from weak acid secretion of the parietal cell, since the large number of the parietal cells are degenerated within a few days following irradiation.

水 海洋係 專門大學 通信科 敎育課程 開發 硏究

金永煜,金秀植,高南泳,梁義藏,金圭煥,文建,鄭東洙 군산대학교 1984 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.1

We have studied on the curriculum to develop the communication department of the inter-related fisheries and marine junior college groups and abridged them as follows. (1) A vessel communication has the special characteristics compared with general communication field and also it has an aim to protect the lives and the property from dangerous navigation. For these reasons we must educate many competent graduates who are versed in business and accustom themselves to necessary knowledge of communication and can be adapted them selves to the advanced communication method, techniques and international information on the communication. (2) Training goal and way of thinking of students were rearranged and the occupational cluster in the electronic-communication field was fractionated to develop the curriculum. Especially regarding operator's duty served the above purpose as a occupational cluster, we analyzed their job in accordance with it. (3) International convention on standards of training certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, 1978 was reflected, also international telecommunication convention was referred so that it might be satisfied with the condition to be observed. (4) Developing the curriculum, we responed and analyzed the questions from scientific world, industrial organizations and graduates and provide their advice and suggestions form consultive committee and reflected them to develop the curriculum

전주산업단지 및 주변지역 VOCs 및 악취물질 모니터링

김용문,박비오,고영삼,심재정,송병식,양고수 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Important main odorous compounds and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) possibly emitted from the Jeon-Ju Industrial Sites were identified and measured in amount through making air sampling over Jeon-Ju Industrial Sites and analyzing them with the sate of the art analytical instrument. Sampling sites were chosen 8 points by considering the industrial characteristics for the 1,2 Industrial Sites and 2 points for the 3 Industrial. Site Sampling times were two times, the first one was March. 2002 - April. 2002, and the second was May. 2002 - July. 2002. Canister sampling units and polyester bags were used to collect 6 liters air samples during 1hour or 3minutes for VOCs and polyester bags were used to sample 10 - 50 liters of air for 3 minutes depending on analytic characteristics of odor compounds. The important main VOCs were measured as acetone, ethyl benzene, n-hexane, m,p-xylene, toluene, M.E.K.(methyl ethyl ketone), isopropanol, ethyl acetate, o-xylene, n-butyl acetate, ethanol, benzene as in order of average concentration for the Industrial Sites. The main odorous compounds were COS, H2S, CS2, MM(methyl mercaptan), form aldehyde, acetaldehyde for the 1,2 Industrial Sites and COS, H2S, form aldehyde, acetaldehyde were measured as main species for the 3 Industrial Site. NH3 was measured as below the detection limit of the instrument. The concentrations of sulfide compounds for the 1,2 Industrial Sites were relatively higher than ones for the 3 Industrial Site. Among aldehydes, form aldehyde, acetaldehyde were detected very highly as 0.1- 1ppm over all the Industrial Sites.

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Endothelin-1농도의 변화

신양수,조희충,김원식,국기용,김용화,정종훈,문철웅,배학연,양성훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.2

Endothelin(ET) is a 21-residue peptide originally isolated from the cultured porcine endothelial cells. There are at least three genes for endothelin:endothelin-1(ET-1), endothelin-2(ET-2), and endothelin-3(ET-3). Endothelins are present in various human biological fluids including plasma, urine, breast milk, and saliva and have been found elevated plasma ET concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus, Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure, patients with acute myocardial infarction, and patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endothelial cell damage is suspected to occur in diabetic patients and may be one important cause of angiopathy, a major complication in diabetes mellitus. The elevation of ET in diabetic patients may be a marker of, and further exacerbate, their vascular disease. We measured the levels of ET-1 in plasma of 50 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) and 25 normal subjects by radioimmunoassay. The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in NIDDM was 6.461 A2.510 f㏖/ ㎖, and was significantly higher than in normal subjects (4.567±1.155f㏖/㎖) (P<0.05). The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in diabetic retinopathy group( 7.15±2.454 f㏖/ml) was significantly elevated than those in otherwise uncomplicated groups (5.348±2.390 f㏖/㎖)(P<0.01). The correlation between any clinical parameters and plasma ET-1 levels in NIDDM was not significant, In conclusion, this study suggest that the elevated levels of ET-1 in diabetic patients may be play a important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.