Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

X線 全身照射에 依한 家兎蟲垂 淋巴組織의 微細構造의 變化

河在昌,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1979 慶北醫大誌 Vol.20 No.1

成熱家兎를 實驗動物로 하여 600γ의 X線을 單回 全身照射하고 B淋巴球系의 中樞淋巴組織으로 알려진 충수임파조직에 惹起되는 變化를 機能的 組織構造에 따라 病理組織學的 및 電子顯微鏡的으로 檢索하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 組織學的으로는 충수임파조직의 dome과 follicle에서 大小淋巴球의 甚한 懷死 消失과 大食細胞의 顯著한 增加를 볼 수 있었으나, 胸腺依存域인 TDA에서는 淋巴球의 壞死 消失이 比較的 輕한 程度로 認定되었다. 上記한 變化들은 X線 照射後 3時間에도 顯著하였으나 照射後 1日에는 더욱 甚하였다. 電子顯微鏡的으로는, X線 照射後 3時間에는 dome 및 follicle에서 淋巴球의 核染色質은 核邊緣部로 凝集되고 核中心部는 稀薄化되었고 어떤 淋巴球에서는 核濃縮을 일으키고 있었으며, mitochondria에서는 cristae가 消失되고 空胞化하는 傾向이 있었다. 그리고 組織球가 增加하고 그 細胞質內에서 lysosome의 增加, 濃縮된 核斷片의 탐식 等의 所見도 輕度로 認定되었다. 照射後 1日에는 dome 및 follicle에서 淋巴球는 大多數가 破壞消失되었고, 組織球가 顯著하게 增加되어 破壞된 細胞成分들을 활발하게 탐식하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 TDA에서는 淋巴球에서 染色質의 核邊緣部 凝集 乃至 核濃縮 그리고 mitochondria의 變性을 多少 볼 수 있었으나 甚한 破壞性變化는 認定되지 않았으며, 組織球의 貪 機能도 顯著하지 않았다. 以上의 實驗成績으로 보아, X線 照射에 對해서 B淋巴球를 生産하는 中樞淋巴組織의 淋巴球들은 感受性이 높아서 早期에 甚하게 破壞되며, 抹消淋巴組織에 分布하는 T淋巴球는 比較的 抵抗性이 있어서 損傷을 적게 받는 것으로 推定된다. This study was undertaken to investigate the structural changes of the appendiceal lymphoid tissues of the adult rabbit after whole body X-irradiation by the light and electron microscopes. Nine healthy rabbits, weighing 2 to 2.5 Kgm were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: Control group: Untreated (3 rabbits) Group 2. Experimental group: A single air dose of 600r whole body X-irradiation was given (6 rabbits). Experimental animals were sacrificed at 3 hours and 1 day after irradiation and examined light and electron microscopically. The results were summarized as follows: Light microscopically, the appendical lymphoid tissues showed marked necrotic loss of small and large lymphocytes as well as considerable increase of macrophages in the dome, corona and follicle. But thymus dependent area (TDA) was relatively well preserved with mild degree's necrotic loss of the cells. These changes were apparent 3 hours after irradiation and more prominent after 1 day. Electron microscopically, the nuclei of lymphocytes in the dome and follicle revealed peripheral aggregation of chromatin with central rarefaction after 3 hours. Some lymphocytes showed pyknotic changes. Mitochondria of the these cells were vacuolated and lossed their cristae. Macrophages at this time were increased in number and showed increase of lysosomes with phagocytosis of nuclear fragments. After 1 day, lymphocytes in the dome and follicle were substantially destructed and lossed. Macrophages were markedly increased in number and showed considerable number of phagosomes containing destructed cellular debris in the cytoplasms. In the TDA, only milder degree of chromatin aggregation, pyknosis and mitochondrial degeneration were found but apparent destructive changes were not impresive. Phagocytic activities of macrophages were also inapparent. These results suggested that central lymphoid tissue for differentiation of B-lymphocytes was very sensitive to X-irradiation and severely affected at early stage, while T-lymphocytes distributed to peripheral lymphoid tissue were relatively radioresistant and affected lesser degree.

보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

HPV에 감염된 자궁경부 상피세포의 Keratin 아형 변화에 관한 연구

기근홍,이영미,장원재,임용,임성철,김창원,전호종 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

The human papillomavirus (HPV) are wide spread in the world, causing proliferation of epidermal and mucosal surface. Certain papillomaviral types are oncogenic in vivo and in vitro. HPV DNA has been detected in most of cervical lesions such as condyloma acuminata, dysplasias, and invasive carcinomas. The materials for this study consisted of 5 dysplasias. 5 squamous cell carcinomas, and 5 exocervix for control, that resected for definite treatment of uterine disease at Chosen University Hospital from January, 1991 to December, 1993. All cases were performed of in situ hybridization for HPV DNA type 6/11, 16, and 18. And also immununohistochemical stain for panel of monoclonal cytokeratin (CK) antibodies were done. The result obtained is as fallows : 1. HPV DNA type 6/11 are detected in all dysplasias. HPV DNA type 16 and 18 are detected in squamous cell carcinomas. 2. Stratifed squamous epithelium of exocervix are positive staining for CK 1, CK 5/6, CK 8, CK 13, CK 14, and CK 19. HPV DNA type 6/11 infected cells are positive for CK 1, CK 13, CK 14, CK 17, CK 18, and CK 19. HPV DNA type 16/18 infected cells are positive for CK 1, CK 5/6, CK 10, CK 13, CK 14, CK 17, CK 18, and CK 19. In conclusion, HPV infection of uterine cervix is associated with change of normal cytokeratin expression pattern. Dysplastic cells are changed of CK 5/6, CK 8, CK 17 and CK18. Squamous cell carcinoma cells are changed of CK 8, CK 17, and CK 18.

Prednisolone 投與로 因한 家兎中樞淋巴組織의 形態學的硏究

河在昌,李東久,洪錫宰 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1982 계명의대학술지 Vol.1 No.1

成熟家兎를 實驗動物로 하여 prednisolone 을 5㎎ 및 10㎎ 씩 1日 1回 連 3日間 注射하고 中樞淋巴組織인 胸腺과 蟲垂淋巴組織에 惹起되는 變化를 機能的組織構造에 따라 光學 및 電子顯微鏡的으로 檢索한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 組織學的으로 胸腺에 있어서는 小葉皮質에서 淋巴球의 甚한 消失과 細綱細胞 및 大食細胞의 顯著한 增加를 볼 수 있었으나 隨質에서는 淋巴球가 거의 減少되지 않았다. 蟲垂淋巴組織은 dome, corooa 및 follicle에서 다같이 大小淋巴球의 甚한 消失과 大食細胞의 著明한 增加를 볼 수 있었으며 TDA에서는 淋巴球가 極히 輕한 程度로 減少하였을 뿐으로서 거의 正常한 狀態로 보였다. 電子顯微鏡的으로 胸腺皮質의 淋巴球는 核邊綠의 不規則, 核膜의 消失 및 核破壞 等의 甚한 變性 내지 壞死性變化가 惹起되었으며 細綱細胞 및 大食細胞에서는 空胞의 養性擴張, mitochondria의 종신 및 cristae의 消失 그리고 破壞된 淋巴球의 탐식 等이 5㎎ 注射群보다는 10㎎ 群에서 좀 더 顯著하게 나타났다. 그러나 隨質에서는 몇몇 淋巴球에서 核濃縮과 核邊綠의 不規則性이 있을뿐 著明한 變性變化는 없었다. 蟲垂淋巴組織에서도 dome, corona 및 follicle의 淋巴球는 甚한 壞死性變化를 보였으며 TDA에서는 그 變化가 極히 輕하였다. Dome 및 follicle의 大食細胞에서는 破壞된 淋巴球가 가끔 탐식되어 있었다. 以上의 成績으로 보아 一般的으로 cortiosteroid의 中樞淋巴組織에 對한 影響은 胸腺에서는 皮質의 淋巴球에 그리고 蟲垂淋巴組織에서는 주로 B淋巴球領域의 淋巴球에 일어나며 그 變化는 非可逆性 壞死까지도 誘發하는 것으로 推定된다. This study was carried out to investigate morphological changes in the central lymphoid tissue of thymus gland and appendix of 12 healthy adult rabbits treated with injecting prednisolone of 5 and 10mg each to the animals once per day 3 consecutive days. The results were as follows: Light microscopically, a considerable loss of lymphocytes in lobular cortex of thymus gland, along with noticeable increase of macrophages and reticulum cells, were found. However, no significant decrease of lymphocytes in its medulla persent. Significant loss of large and small lymphocytes and considerable increased macrophages in the areas of dome, corona, and follicles of appendiceal lymphoid tissue were noted. However, very meagre decrease of lymphocytes in thymus dependent area only was noticed. Electron microscopically marked degeneration and necrotic changes of lymphocytes, such as irregularity of nulear margin, loss of nuclear membrane, and destruction of lymphocytes in the cortex of thymus gland occured. in reticulum cells and macrophages, cystic degeneration of vesicles, swelling of mitochondria, loss of cristae, and phagocytosis of destructed lymphocytes were prominent in the group of 10mg injection than in that of 5mg. Nevertheless, nuclear condensations and irregularities of nuclear margin of some lymphocytes were noticed in medulla with no clear degenerative changes. In appendiceal lymphoid tissue, a severe nocrotic changes of lymphocytes of dome, corona and follicles were observed. However, its changes in thymus dependent area were very little. In macrophages of dome and follicles, destructed lymphocytes were seen to be occasionally phagocytosed. It may be summarized that the effects of corticosteroid on the central lymphoid tissue take place in lymphocytes in cortex of thymus gland and in lymphocytes of B lymphocytical area of appendiceal lymphoid tissue. It may also be assumed that the changes aforementioned can include irreversible necrosis.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Hee Woong Kang,Jae-Kwon Cho,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jong Youn Park,Chang Gi Hong,Jae Seung Chung,Ee-Yung Chung 한국발생생물학회 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

Giant hidroacanthoma simplex combined with variable eccrine tumors mimicking clonal seborrheic keratosis

( Jae Hong Oh ),( Byeong Chang Ko ),( Hee Jae Park ),( Seung Pil Ham ),( Mira Choi ),( Sik Haw ),( Hai-jin Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1

Hidrocanthoma simplex(HAS) is a rare benign intraepidermal neoplasm arising from eccrine duct. Clinically, it appears as brownish or verrucous plaque on the lower extremities. Histologically, HAS can exhibit intraepidermal cell nests which are called “Borst-Jadassohn phenomenon”. It could be observed in the HAS, clonal seborrheic keratosis (SK), Bowen’s disease and actinic keratosis. An 86-year-old female presented with several decades history of huge brown, verrucous plaque on the right buttock. At initial biopsy, intraepidermal clonal expansion of polygonal basaloid cells were observed within acanthotic epidermis. She was diagnosed as clonal SK, and was removed by CO2 laser ablation. After 3 months, she returned with polypoid grouped papules on the previously treated area. Histologic examination showed intraepidermal proliferation of small to medium-sized polygonal basaloid cells as well as large cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Atypical cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei were observed. There was a component of eccrine syringofibroadenoma which is characterized by thin, anastomosing cords of epithelial networks with duct formation extending from the base of the tumor. Tumor cells were stained with EMA and PAS. Final diagnosis was HAS combined with eccrine poroma, eccrine syringofibroadenoma and focal malignant changes. Herein we report a case showing natural history of eccrine tumor from HAS to malignant changes over time.

평활근 증식과 점액성 기질 변화를 보인 사구맥관근종 1 예

김창덕(Chang Duk Kim),박재홍(Jae Hong Park),류영욱(Young Wook Ryoo),김병천(Byung Chun Kim),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.10

Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that are derived from modified smooth muscle cells known as glomus cells. Histologically, it can be subdivided as glomus tumor proper, glomangioma, and glomangiomyoma according to relative proportions of components. Glomangiomyomas are the least frequent type and their overall architectural pattern may resemble glomus tumor proper or glomangioma, but there is a gradual transition from glomus cells to elongated mature smooth muscle cells. This transition is most obvious in the region surrounding large vessels. We present a case of glomangiomyoma of the left upper arm and the left fourth finger, in which ten-year history of two painful, bluish-colored subcutaneous nodules. On histologic examination, this case showed marked smooth muscle cell proliferation around large vessles and mucinous stromal change. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39(10) 1147-1151)

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.