補中益氣湯 투여가 장거리 달리기 선수의 에너지 및 전해질 대사에 미치는 영향 : changes in the energy and electrolyte metabolism among long distance runners

송순기,금동호,오재근,이명종 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.1

스포츠 과학 분야에서는 운동 선수들의 경기력 향상과 운동 피로의 신속한 회복을 도모하기 위하여 한약을 복용하고 그 효과와 유의성에 대하여 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 격심한 운동을 수행할 때 나타나는 Glucose 등 에너지원의 고갈, Lactate 등 대사 산물의 축적, 전해질의 불균형 등의 여러 제반 증상이 氣虛로 인하여 나타나는 전신의 증후와 유사하다고 생각하여 補中益氣湯을 투여한 후 인체의 대사 변화를 관찰함으로서 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향과 유의성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 장거리 달리기 선수를 대상으로 2주간의 補中益氣湯의 투여가 에너지 대사 및 전해질대사에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 최대심박수의 70% 강도의 운동을 실시한 후 운동전 안정시, 운동 직후, 휴식 후 10분, 휴식 후 30분, 휴식 후 1시간으로 나누어 혈액검사를 하였을 때 나타나는 각종 변인의 반응 양상을 비교 분석하여 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 혈중 에너지 대사에서는 free fatty acid와 Lactate 반응에서 유의성 있는 차이가 나타났고, 전해질대사에서도 Na^(+), Cl-와 K^(+) 반응에서 모누 유의성 있는 차이를 나타냈다. 그러므로 補中益氣湯은 에너지 및 전해질 대사에서 유의성있는 변화를 나타내었으며 운동수행능력의 향상에 유효하였다. Objective This experimental study was designed to investigate effects of Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang administration among long distance runners on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism. Materials and Methods All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang Group (N=4) and control group (N=4) and performed to run the 400m track with 70% of HR max about 1 hour. The blood samples were collected from antecubital vein by 5㎖ syringes at before exercise, immediateIy after exercise, recovering- 10 min, recovering-30 min, recovering-1 hour. These sampie were used to analyze for the factors of the changes on metabolic responses. Firest, the primary factors on the changes of the energy metabolism were checked ; Glucose, Free fatty acid, Lactate, LDH. Second, the primary factors on the changes of the electroIyte metabolisrn were checked ; Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+). Results 1. The change of the energy metabolism 1) Glucose response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2) Free fatty acid response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. 3) Lactate response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly decreased at immediately after exercise, recover-10 min, recover-30 min. 4) LDH response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2. The change of the electrolyte metabolism 1) Na^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was shown significant difference between two groups at before exercise. 2) C^(-) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at before exercise, immediately after exercise. 3) K^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. Conclusion According to the above results, it was shown that Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang had the positive effects on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism for the long distance runners.

에탄올이 백서의 해마에서 Neuropeptide Y 발현에 미치는 영향

정홍경,이기철,이정호,이희제,정주호,이주영 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

에탄올을 장기간 섭취한 백서에서 Acamprosate 투여가 Nitric Oxide Synthase 발현에 미치는 영향

정홍경,이기철,이정호,이승휘,이희제,정주호 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

한국해안으로부터 Purple, Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium, Rhodobacter sp. EGH-24의 분리 및 특성

차미선,김기한,조순자,이나은,이정은,이재동,이상준,박재림 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

A species of facultative photo-organotrophic, purple, non-sulfur bacterium was isolated from the 47 point at west and south coast of Korea in September 2001. Separated 13 samples of changes with red color under 28~32 ℃, 3000 lux, anaerobe conditions for 7 days cultivated in basal medium. For pure isolation from 13 samples, we used agar-shake tube method (0.4 % agar) and separated 5 strains through 13-repetition test. EGH-24 and EGH-30 was identified as the same strain through the RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCR of strain EGH-9, EGH-13, EGH-23, EGH-24, EGH-30. Four isolates cultivated in synthesis wastewater for wastewater biodegradation test. EGH-24 was selected with efficient wastwater treating strain. Based on the results obtained from morphology, nutrient requirements, major bacteriochlorophyll content, 16S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis, EGH-24 strain may be identified as a new strain of the genus Rhodobacter and named Rhodobacter sp. EGH-24.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

流動層 電氣 化學反應器의 履歷

李濟根,黃榮基 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1984 硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

黃酸(1.5M) 산성의 황산구리전해액(470 PPM of Cu??)으로 구리입자(0.5,0.7,1.0mm)를 流動化시키는 직사각형-십자류 流動層電極反應器내에서 層多孔率과 電流密度를 變化하여 구리를 電着시키는 電氣化學反應 實驗을 수행하였다. 實質的인 反應速度係數를 구하는데 있어서 측정이 용이한 擴散律速段階의 物質傅達係數를 이용하기 위해, 반응기를 活性化狀態로 유지시켜 化學反應 程度를 확인하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 相關關係式을 구하였다. jD'=(αK/Us)Sc⅔=b[Redp/1-∈〕?? b∝ α?? (단, Sc=1934, 10≤Redp/1-∈≤250) 活性化狀態의 反應速度係數를 이용하여 回分式 循環 現象型 反應系의 理論式을 구하고, 實際回分式 循環 流動層電極 反應系의 濃度一時間 자료와 비교 검토한 결과 잘 부합됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 본 실험 流動條件 범위내에서의 電流效率은 52∼88%였다. Electrochemical reaction experiments involving the cathodic deposition of copper from acidified aqeous solution (1.5M H₂SO₄) containing 470 ppm of Cu?? have been perfomed for determination reaction rates. Experimental data for reaction rate coefficient have been detected in a fluidized bed electrochemical reactor packed conduction copper particles. In this word fluid velocity (bed porosity), particle diameter and current density have varied. The composite mass transfer coefficient (or tate coefficient), including correction factor for mass transfer coefficient under diffusion controlling ster, is correlated as follows: jD'=(αK/Us)Sc⅔=b[Redp/1-∈〕?? b∝ α?? in the range 10≤Redp/1-∈≤250, Sc=1934. The performance data for ideal reactor model were obtained by using the composite mass transfer relationship. We found that the calculated performance data were well matched with the concentration-time data of FBER with recirculating batch electralyte. Cunent efficiency was observed 52∼88% under this experimental conditions.

의약분업 및 의약품분류에 대한 의사와 약사의 태도

이석기,박재용 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2000 保健福祉硏究 Vol.4 No.-

경상북도 일부지역(5개시군) 의사 110명과 약사 106명을 대상으로 1998년 4월 1일부터 4월 30일까지 우편설문지법으로 의약분업에 대한 견해를 조사하였다. 의약분업 실시에 대하여 '분업 내용에 따른 조건부 찬성'이 의사 51.8%, 약사 50.9%로 비슷하였으나 의사는 '무조건 찬성'이 30.0%인 반면에 약사는 7.5%였다. 의사는 1999년부터 의약분업을 실시해야 한다는 의견이 25.5%였으나 약사는 5.8%에 불과하였다. 의사는 주사제를 제외한 전문의약품까지 적용하는 '2단계까지 점진적으로 실시'에 대해 36.4%가 찬성하였고 약사는 제한적 전문의약품만 적용하는 '1단계까지만 의약분업 실시'하는 것을 가장 많이(25.5%) 찬성하였다. 현재 분업실시 가능한 대상의약품으로는 의사, 약사 모두 '제한적 전문의약품에 한해 실시되어야 한다는 의견이 각각 40.0% 및 71.7%였다. 제한적 전문의약품의 종류에 의사의 73.6%가 항생제를 포함시켜야 한다고 하였으나 약사는 24.3%만 포함시켜야 한다고 하였다. 처방전발행 방법에 대해서 의사는 69.1%가 '상품명'과 '상품명' 또는 일반명'으로 해야 한다고 응답한 반면 약사는 89.6%가 '일반명' 그리고 '성분명'으로 해야 한다고 하였다. 처방의약품을 동일성분의 다른 회사 제품으로의 대체 투약에 관해서는 의사의 60.9%가 '처방전 발행의사의 동의를 받아야 한다'고 응답한 반면, 약사의 75.5%는 '약사가 판단하여 투약 도는 처방의약품 대체 조제장부에 기록 후 투약할 수 있어야 한다'고 하였다. 약사가 처방전 없이 전문의약품을 조제할 수 있는 항목 중에서 '경구용 전염병 예방접종약 및 진단용의약품을 투여하는 경우' 대해서는 의사는 19.1%만 찬성하였고 약사도 46.2%의 찬성율을 보였을 뿐이다. 한편 의사 자신이 직접 전문의약품을 조제 할 수 있도록 하는 7가지의 의약분업 예외규정 중에서 '입원환자에 대한 조제를 예외로 인정하는 경우'와 '보건소(지소)에서의 조제를 예외로 인정하는 경우'에 대해서 의사는 각각 76.4%와 75.5%의 찬성율이었으나 약사는 각각 26.4%와 18.9%로 매우 낮은 찬성율을 보였다. 의약 분업시 의사의 45.5%는 수입이 조금 감소할 것이다 하였고 약사의 62.3%는 많이 감소할 것으로 생각하고 있었다. 의약품 분류에 관해서 의사의 43.6%는 4분류를 선택하였고 약사의 36.8%는 3분류(제한적 전문의약품, 전문 및 일반의약품)를 선택하였다. 약4국 이외의 장소에서 자유 판매할 수 있는 의약품의 종류에 대하여 의사는 소화제 55.1%, 자양강장제 43.6%를 지적하였고 제형으로 드링크제 80.9%를 지적하였는 반면 약사는 대다수(72.6%)가 의약품의 자유판매를 반대하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 아직도 이해 당사자인 약사의 반대율이 높아 의약분업 실시 전에 적극적으로 설득할 필요가 있으며, 약사법에 규정된 1999년에 실시하는데 대해 의·약사 모두 찬성율이 낮아 많은 어려움이 있을 것이기 때문에 철저한 준비가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 의약분업을 실시할 경우 대상의약품은 제한적 전문의약품으로 한정할 필요가 있다. 그리고 처방전 발행방법 등에 관해서는 의사와 약사의 견해가 상당한 차이가 있기 때문에 이 부문에 대해 합의가 도달될 수 있도록 충분한 현실적, 경제적, 정책적 고려가 있어야 할 것이다. 또한 의약품 분류는 단순의약품을 의약부외품으로 허가하여 3분류체계로 하는 것을 고려해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude of physicians and pharmacists on the functional division of prescription and dispensation and classification of medical drugs. Questionnaires asking general characteristics, opinions on the separation of dispensary from medical practice and classification of medical drugs, were mailed to 249 physicians and 205 pharmacists in five cities and countries in Kyungpuk Province from April 1 to 30, 1998. 110 physicians and 106 pharmacists answered the questionnaires. Speaking of the opinions on the pros and cons of enforcing functional division between physicians and pharmacists, 30.0 percent of physician preferred pros, 51.8 percent conditional pros and 11.8 percent cons, but 7.5 percent of pharmacist preferred pros, 50.9 percent conditional pros and 38.7 percent cons. consequently, the physicians have affirmative views towards division of prescription and dispensation, and pharmacists negative ones. Regarding practicing phases of medical care improvement committee to enforce functional division between physician and pharmacist, 36.4 percent of physicians insisted on gradually-practiced phases and 25.5 percent of pharmacists selected one phase system. 40.0% percent of physicians and 71.7% percent of pharmacists assented that possible objective medicines of primary functional division must be only limited professional medicines, which contains steroid hormone, antibiotics, habitual drugs and a poisonous medicine. In addition, 73.6% percent of physicians wanted to include antibiotics, but only 24.3 percent of pharmacists did. Concerning the method of prescription, if functional division is enforced, most physicians(69.1%) preferred generic name or brand name, but most pharmacists(89.6%) preferred ingredient name or generic name. About the responsibility of medicine-injured accident occurred unexpectedly under functional division, 38.2 percent of physicians answered that the government or medical care insurance company must be responsible for it, but 50.9 percent of pharmacists answered that the doctor who writes the prescription ought to be blamed for it. From an affirmative point of view, the enforcement of the functional division of physician and pharmacist is expected to cause the decrease of mis-use or abuse of medicine, rise of a feeling of satisfaction for the profession, improvement of the quality of medical service and increase of the number of times of medical examination and treatment etc. On the contrary, from a negative point of view, it is expected to bring about lower frequency of the preparation of medicine in pharmacy, conflicts about the prescriptions between physicians and pharmacists, rise of medical expenses, reduction in income of the hospitals and the pharmacy, and change for the worse of the relations between the patients and physicians, patients and pharmacists etc. Physicians and pharmacists assented that the considerable problem is recognition and interest of people, balance of medical association and pharmaceutical association, government's willing for practive, etc. Many physicians and pharmacists support most of exceptional items in the pharmaceutical affairs law. but only 19.1 percent of physicians and 46.2 percent of pharmacists agreed that pharmacists had better prescribe oral preventive medicine to an epidemic, diagnostic medicine without doctor's directions. and 76.4 percent of physicians and 26.4 percent of pharmacists wanted to allow the physicians to prepare medicine for patient in the hospital. In addition, 76.4 percent of physicians and 26.4 percent of pharmacists approve of doctor's compounding of medicine in local public health care office. in comparison with other exceptional items, the above support percentages are relatively low. Regarding the opinions on the maintenance of pharmacy medical insurance, 32.7 percent of physicians answered that the maintenance of pharmacy medical insurance must be kept just before the first phase is enforced. but 23.6 percent of pharmacists answered that the maintenance of pharmacy under medical insurance must be kept before the third phase, 23.6 percent of physician asserted immediately while 61.3 percent of pharmacists answered that the maintenance of pharmacy medical insurance must be kept continually. As to the viewpoint of free over-the-counter medicine sale, 55.1 percent of physicians assented the free sale of digestives, 80.9 percent of physicians assented that of some kinds of drink, but most of pharmacists(72.6%) objected to the free over-the-counter medicine sale. There were problem of business right and conflicts between physician and pharmacist at enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, so the government should search for formulating plan to resolve the problem and have neutral willness for the protection of the national health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. According to the answers to the questionnaires, The physicians consider the separation of dispensary from medical practice affirmative, the pharmacists answered in the negative. it is desirous that the enforcement of the separation of dispensary from medical practice starts from the first phase, that is limited professional medicine(steroid, antibiotics, habitual drugs, poisonous drug). 2. The medicines are now classified by two groups. but through the questionnaires, physicians wanted the medical drugs to be divided into four groups, in other words, limited professional medicines, professional medicines, general medicines and simple medicines. pharmacists wanted the medical drugs to be divided into three groups(limited professional medicines, professional medicines, general medicines). For us to manage the functional division efficiently, it will be good to permit 'simple medicines' as goods outside medical drugs.

Sinc 기저함수를 이용한 CGFFT의 수렴률 개선

이기태,장재성,김장형 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1992 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The current induced on a perfectly conducting strip excited by incident fields which are transverse magnetic (TM) wave or transverse electric (TE) wave to the strip axis are solved by three methods. The one is analytic and the others are numerical methodd; SIT (Spectral Iteration Technique), CGFFT (Conjugate Gradient Fast Fourier Transform). It is estimated accuracy of current values, as that are compared results of the analytic method with that of the numerical methods. The procedure involves the incorporation of subdmain basis functions associated with the current representation of a conducting strip. It is shown that significant improvements are achieved in the convergences of the CGFFT method when using sinc basis functions.

안동호 상류 운곡천의 이화학적 수질특성과 식물플랑크톤 군집 특성

이중복,이희무,이건주,박정원,박재충,김동걸,권기석 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This investigation is about the characteristics of phytoplankton community and physciochemical water quality of specific 6-point the Woon-kog stream system in upsteam of the Andong Lake. DO value was showed over 8.1㎎/L at each site and COD_Mn, BOD, T-N, T-P tend to increase as they stream down and that the existence and dominance of phytoplankton was low and it was difficult to conclude the definite correlation of water quality and phytoplankton community. Finally, it seemed to be desirable that alternatives for pollutional reduction should be made and performed on the basis of the continuous monitoring of the inflow to preserve the Andong Lake.

1994학년도 신입생 성격검사 결과분석

이근재,한기백 釜山敎育大學校 學生生活硏究所 1994 學生指導硏究 Vol.14 No.-