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17-8세기 조선의 임상 의학은 어떻게 이뤄졌을까 - 『역시만필』을 통해 살펴본 의관 이수기의 임상 의학-
오재근 대한의사학회 2022 醫史學 Vol.31 No.1
In this research, I analyzed Stray notes with experienced tests (歷試 漫筆), a medical book written by I Sugi (李壽祺), a physician of Joseon (朝鮮) dynasty, to check the trend of clinical medicine and the reasoning prevalent among Joseon physicians in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. I Sugi’s medical science can be sorted into diagnosis and treatment. For accurate diagnosis, there had to be examinations and analysis on the nature of a disease. He made use of four kinds of examination methods including seeing, hearing, touching, and asking, and he favored pulse diagnosis. The nature of a disease was analyzed based on standards of eight principle, six meridian, five vicera, etc., but the analysis was not fixed on specific standards. Regarding the treatment of illness after diagnosis, he used a single drug, ready-made herbal formula, or adding or subtracting herbs to the formula according to the symptoms, etc. For medical reasons needed for diagnosis and treatment, previously published medical books were utilized. Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑) was much depended upon, for it was even cited in full sentences. I Sugi’s clinical medicine that embraces diagnosis and treatment can be concluded as ‘Pulse, Syndrome, Formula, and Herb (脈證方藥),’ which is a concept that includes pulse diagnosis, symptom analysis, composition of formula with herbs. This method emphasizes using pulse diagnosis as examination method and modification of formula as treatment tool. The period of ‘Pulse, Syndrome, Formula, and Herb’ lasted for quite a long time, but its usage stopped as in the modern times when Western medicine was introduced, along with new concept of illness, including the germ theory. Afterwards, ‘Syndrome Differentiation and Therapy Determination (辨證論治)’ appeared in China, which not only emphasized the difference between Chinese medicine and Western medicine but also prepared for the integration with Western medicine, and took the place of ‘Pulse, Syndrome, Formula, and Herb.’ Stray notes with experienced tests vividly shows how doctor I Sugi applies medical knowledge of East Asia organized through Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine to real clinical medical treatment. Furthermore, this book shows that in this context, physicians of Joseon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries referred to the ‘Pulse, Syndrome, Formula, and Herb’ to perform clinical medical treatment and to proceed with clinical reasoning.
『本草綱目』이 『廣濟秘笈(광제비급)』에 미친 영향 분석 : 「鄕藥單方治驗」을 중심으로
오재근,윤창열 대한한의학원전학회 2009 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.22 No.3
『Secret Works of Universal Benefit』 was compiled by Lee Gyeonghwa(李景華, 1721-?) in Choseon Dynasty. Experience by Simple Formulae using Korean herbs in Secret Works of Universal Benefit was recorded Hangul name[鄕名], main medicinal effect and how to use etc. of 50 Korean herbs[鄕藥] to give aid to country people who didn't have medical knowledge. Secret Works of Universal Benefit have passed on traditional Korean medicine as selecting 50 Korean herbs and recording Hangul name. Though most of Experience by Simple Formulae using Korean herbs[鄕藥單方治驗] was quoted 『Compendium of Matria Medica』, it reflected developing of Korean traditional herb science[本草學] as selecting herbs, arranging frequent symptoms, changing main effect of herbs, and adding clinical experiences.
『본초강목』이 조선 후기 본초학 발전에 미친 영향 : 미키 사카에의 『임원경제지』 본초학 성과 서술 비판
오재근 大韓醫史學會 2012 醫史學 Vol.21 No.2
In this paper, I investigated the influence of Compendium of Materia Medica (本草綱目, CM) on Records for Rural Life of Chosun Gentlemen (林園經濟志, RRC), and refuted Miki Sakae’s (三木榮) opinion, CM did not have much impact on the Materia Medica in the late period of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮). When Li Shizhen(李時珍) published CM, it resulted in a shift of mainstream of Materia Medica in Eastern Asia from Classified Emergency Materia Medica (證類本草) to CM and a new categorizing system of Materia Medica by CM led to the division of Materia Medica into medicine and natural history. It is obvious that doctors of the Chosun Dynasty also adopted the latest achievements of Materia Medica by CM, but so far there have been few studies to clarify this. Seo yugu (徐有榘) was a scholar of the Realist School of Confucianism (實學) during the late period of the Chosun Dynasty, and RRC is his representative work. RRC is a massive encyclopedia of natural history that covers vast areas of science from agriculture, floriculture, writing and drawing, architecture, diet, and medicine, among others which absorbed the achievements of CM, the best Materia Medica book at that time. Miki Sakae also highly regarded the encyclopedic knowledge of RRC, but devalued the results of Materia Medica. He only described a part of RRC’s Materia Medica, nurturing volume (葆養志), on the view of life nurturing (養生) and mentioned that it had been strongly influenced by China. According to this study, a large portion of RRC, especially regarding Materia Medica, depends on CM. Seo yugu had accepted the categorizing system and new medicinal information of CM, at the same time he modified the categorizing system of CM practically by the subject of each volume of RRC. We can find many quotations of CM except the nurturing volume, but other books, Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑), Materia Medica for Relief of Famines (救荒本草) are also quoted. Furthermore, Seo yugu emphasized the differences of natural environments between Chosun and China, and specified the editing criteria, “to be useful in Chosun.” This is the most obvious evidence that Materia Medica of Chosun had not remained in the framework of Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine which succeeded Classified Emergency Materia Medica, but had been developed into medicine and natural history based on CM.