CROSS 공법을 이용한 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구

박광하,심재도,권영두,강동수,김인호,정태명,황갑성 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study aims to develop using a continuous removal of organic and settling solid(CROSS) to increase the efficiency of aeration system for wastewater treatment. To solve many problems of the conventional activated-sludge process, authors suggested a new CROSS model in conjunction with aeration systems in 1996. This system is characterized by utilizing an intensive aeration pipe with inlets at the lower portion and outlets at the higher portion in an aeration tank. Through the experiments on CROSS process, the average removal efficiences of BOD, COD_(Mn), SS, T-N and T-P were showed 98.8%, 93.9%, 98.0%, 71.3% and 49.8%. The average DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) concentration was constantly maintained at 8.0 mg/L by the intensive aeration which was accompanied by rapid reduction of BOD. Degradation of the organic matters in sewage then continued for the whole aeration period. The process demonstrated that it was very adaptive without seeding and returning the sludge. Compared to the activated sludge system, the system was very flexible for the continuous flow treatment. This preliminary assessment showed that the porous media in CROSS reactor is viable for the sewage treatment, since the porous media under the intensive aeration achieves acceptable effluent quality.

BNR 공법에 의한 합성하수의 처리

정일현,김종오 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus with BNR (Biological Nutrient Removal) technology. The BNR performance was monitored in terms of HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time). The BNR was capable of achieving nitrogen removal efficiency as much as 57% and phosphorus removal efficiency as much as 72%. The optimal condition at HRT of 2 hr was obtained. As a result of kinetic experiment, k and K_S were found to be 0.025 d^-1 and 30.4 ㎎/ℓ, respectively.

pH의 변화에 의한 C.R.T의 용출특성

정일현,나춘기 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Cathode ray tubes(CRTs) in television and computer monitors are one of the most common components of discarded electronics in the solid waste stream. CRTs present a disposal problem because of their growing magnitude in municipal solid waste(MSW) and their role as a major source of lead in MSW. Using the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP), lead leachability from CRTs was studied. Lead leached from the CRT samples at an average concentration of 18.5 ㎎/l. This exceeded the regulatory limit of 5.0㎎/l. Several factors affected the lead concentration of each CRT sample.

미세스크린 및 약품응집과 오존산화방식에 의한 축산폐수처리 연구

조웅현 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Though various treatment processes for livestock wastewater have been developed, we can rarely find the satisfying treatment system in the view of environmental law or economics. This report is concern to the basic experiments about the unit process like that of microscreening, chemical coagulation, ozonizing and anaerobic biological treatment for obtaining the each characteristics of livestock wastewater. And studied the successional process before biological treatment for removal of organic materials and T-N etc. In this experiments, SS removal from the livestock wastewater was essential foremost before any process, as it contained 88.6% of SS and 68.5% of BOD in the size of particles more than 26μ. In the ozonation, high SS concentration with about 700㎎/l of COD was not appropriate because of foaming over top to the reactor continuously, but it was steadily getting better in the SS concentration of less than 125㎎/l with COD of about 160㎎/l. In chemical coagulation for colloids and SS removal, it showed good prior to a microscreening and was recommended dosing of loess as a coagulant aid for increasing in supernatant of about 10% and reducing COD of about 30%.

슬러리 돈사폐수의 특성

김은호,최민수,서정윤 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, we surveyed pollutant concentrations of wastewater from slurry type piggery. Pollutant concentrations in each season showed very different aspect by sampling time and were in high level. Pollutant concentrations in slurry type piggery wastewater were higher than in scrapper type piggery wastewater. Most of heavy metal concentrations was lower than threshold concentrations for biological treatment, so it was estimated that microoganism would not be impeded by the heavy metals when they were removed as the biological method. As we investigated generation unit of slurry type piggery wastewater in each season, each numerical value was 6.5 in the spring, 7.1 in the summer, 6.5 in the fall and 5.8 L/head·day in the winter. From these we could see that while in the summer the unit records the highest value, the amount in the winter was the lowest and the same numerical value in both summer and fall. Discharge loading of slurry type piggery wastewater in each season was SS 586.6, BOD 92.5, CODcr 219.2, T-N 24.0 and T-P 4.0 g/head·day. But discharge loading of SS was higher by a factor of 1.65 than discharge loading that ministry of environment exhibited, whereas numerical value for other items was lower, for example CODcr.

안동호 주변 수계 저서성대형무척추동물의 군집변동 및 생물학적 수질평가

김순환,이지연,서을원,이종은 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in stream of the near Andong lake from June 2002 through March 2003. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected seasonally from 5 field sites were indentified mostly up to species level. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 77 species, 62 genera, 44 families, 13 orders, 5 class, 4 phyla. Among these phyla, aquatic insects in Arthropoda were 69 species, 37 families, 8 orders. Dominant species occurring in all the field sites were mostly Chironomidae sp. 1, Baetiella fuscatus and Rhopalopsole mahunkai. The dominance indices(DI) showed the highest as 0.929 at site 3 and the lowest as 0.758 at site 5. The species diversity indices(H´) showed the highest as 1.964 at site 5 and the lowest as 1.128 at site 3. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate(ESB) showed the highest as 33.3 at site 5 and the lowest as 17.8 at site 1. It was α-mesosaprobic in site 1 and site 3 the others was β-mesosaprobic that the water quality estimated by ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community.

Struvite 결정화를 이용한 혐기성 발효액 중의 질소 및 인의 제거

김학균,김종오,정종태 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus through crystallization of struvite has gained increasing interest. Struvite, magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH_(4)PO_(4)·6H_(2)O), is a white inorganic crystalline mineral. It's crystallization can provide high removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater. Experiments were performed to determine the optimum condition for the struvite crystallization in anaerobic fermentation supernatant using synthetic wastewater. MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O and KH_(2)PO_(4) were used as magnesium and phosphorus was 11 and mole ratio of Mg^(2+) to NH_(4)^(+) to PO_(4)^(3-) was 1.2:1:1.2. It was found that at least 5 minutes' reaction time was required and 10 minutes' reaction time was recommended for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. 84.3% of the ammonia nitrogen and 98.4% of the phosphate were elimi-nated at this conditions.

내부반송이 생선폐기물 처리용 소화조의 운전효율에 미치는 영향

정병곤,김병효 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

The effect of internal recirculation on digester performance is evaluated using reactors having 6.4cm diameter and 3cm diameter at the same surface area/reactor volume ratio. As organic loading rate of 6kg COD/㎥·d has applied to the reactors having 6.4cm diameter, COD removal efficiency of 89.6% is achieved in the reactor operated with internal recirculation, while COD removal efficiency of 20.6% is only achieved in the reactor operated without internal reciculation. It is evident that reactor performance is dependent to internal recirculation in reactor having 6.4cm diameter. In the contrary, there is no difference in COD removal effieicency depending on internal reciculation when the same experiment is conducted using reactors having 3cm diameter. that is, more than 90% of COD removal efficiency is achieved in reactor having 3cm diameter regardless of internal recirculation. The reason why the effect of internal recirculation on reactor performance is different depending on the reactor diameter can be explained that sufficient fluidization by evolving gas bubble can be achieved in the reactor having 3cm diameter, while sufficient fluidization can not be achieved only by evolving gas bubble in the reactor having 6.4cm diameter when the reactors were operated without internal recirculation. Internal recirculation can provide favorable condition for sludge bed fluidization. It can be seem that sludgy bed fluidization is key factor in start-up of upflow reactor. Internal reciculation also enhance microbial retaining capacity of upflow reactor. This can be confirmed through TSS and VSS assay too.

갈라산 수계(경북 안동) 저서성 대형 무척추동물의 군집변동 및 생물학적 수질평가

이종은,송기선 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the benthic macroinvertebrates community of seven surveyed sites in stream of Mt. Galra. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 80 species, 42 families, 13 orders, 6 class, 5 phyla. Among these phyla, aquatic insects in Arthropoda were 71 species, 37 famiilies, 8 orders. Chironomus sp., Baetis nla, Ecdyonurus levis at the all surveyed sites was dominant species. The dominance indices(DI) showed the highest as 0.898 at site 1 and the lowest as 0.493 at site 4. The species diversity indices(H′) showed the highest as 3.172 at site 2 and the lowest as 1.288 at site 1. The group pollution index(GPI) was showed the lowest as 1.186 at site 3 and the highest as 1.587 at site 1. The water quality was estimated by Group Pollution Index was β-mesosaprobic at all sites. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate showed the highest as 112 at site 3 and the lowest as 44 at site 7. It was α-mesosaprobic at site 7 the others was β-mesosaprobic that the water quality estimated by ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community.

산불지역과 비산불지역 계류의 저서성 대형 무척추동물 군집변동에 관한 연구

이종은,김재수 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Community fluctuation of benthic macroinvertebrates from forest fire area and non forest fire area was investigated. Six studied sites were chosen and in the mountain stream (forest fire area = St.3, St.5, St.6 and non forest fire area = St.1, St.2, St.4) of Geonduk-myun, Samchuk-City. Quantitative and qualitative samplings and measurements of water quality were conducted in May, July, and September 2001. As a result, benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 67 species, 34 families, 13 orders, 4 class, and 3 phyla. Among these phyla, aquatic insects in Arthropoda were 71 species, 37 famiilies, and 8 orders. And it occured at the fire forest area(mean species, 48; dominance, 0.57; diversity, 2.38), as compared with the non forest fire area (mean species, 45; dominance, 0.64; diversity, 2.39). The dominance indices(DI) showed the highest as 0.74 at site 4., and the lowest as 0.52 at site 1. The species diversity indices(H′) showed the highest as 3.01 at site 1., and the lowest as 1.93 at site 4.