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증폭(蒸曝)에 의한 지황(地黃)의 성분 변화에 대한 고찰
정재우 ( Jae Woo Jung ),김한영 ( Han Young Kim ),류지효 ( Ji Hyo Lyu ),김정훈 ( Jung-hoon Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.6
Objectives : ‘Steaming and drying’ is a traditional processing method that has been used to produce Suk-ji-hwang (熟地黃; Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) from Ji-hwang (地黃, the fresh root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel; Rehmanniae Radix). The steaming and drying process, which is proceeded in heating and moisturizing conditions, plays a crucial role in the change of therapeutic effect of Ji-hwang, presumably due to the modification of its chemical constituents. In this article, the chemical influence of the ‘Steaming and drying’ process was investigated for understanding the underlying mechanism of chemical modification of Ji-hwang. Methods : The articles regarding the modifications of chemical constituents of Ji-hwang during the ‘Steaming and drying’ process were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of the processing to Ji-hwang. Results : The results indicated that iridoid glycosides were degraded to their aglycones and sugars, and such degradations occurred faster at a high pressure than at an atmospheric pressure during the process. The contents of catalpol, ajugol, and acteoside were decreased, while those of rehmannioside A and D were slightly increased during the repeated processing. The contents of oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose (except for manninotriose), were decreased, while those of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, were increased by the repeated processing. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the ‘Steaming and drying’ process influenced the chemical constituents of Ji-hwang and provide probable basis for the therapeutic modification of Suk-ji-hwang after the processing of Ji-hwang.
한옥의 특징기반 형상모델링 및 매개변수형 BIM 라이브러리 브라우저 개발에 관한 연구
김인한(Kim In-Han),박승화(Park Seung-Hwa),이지아(Lee Ji-Ah) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.5
Since Han-ok, the traditional Korean-style house, is composed with combinations of complex components in various shapes and sizes, it is essential to categorize the components into several types for digitalization of Han-ok information. This study applied feature-based classification using BIM parametric modelling methods. After investigating ‘Parameter and Formula relations’, ‘Parametric description’ and ‘Instance diagram’ of Han-ok components, the study established XML libraries for the parametric modelling of open BIM. The IFC-XML libraries include parametric and properties information as well as the geometric information of Han-ok. For the combination of parametric and non-parametric geometry, the study also suggested a new methodology of using ‘comments’ inside IFC, which enabled interworking between IFC and XML. A prototype of BIM browsing module was developed in the last phase of this study to validate the conformance of the IFC-XML libraries. This integrated browser for Han-ok allows the users, both experts and non-experts, to check and manipulate Han-ok component fabrication by changing specific parameters promptly. The browser successfully showed automatic changes of all related Han-ok elements in accordance with the parameters, relationships and formulas of components.
성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고
김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4
A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다
박지숙,이민진,정재원,김미혜,이서연,지윤미,한준호,김유학,공명석,한광현,노희명 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2
It is important to interpret the soil chemical properties in order to effectively manage the farmland. This study was conducted to investigate the soil chemical properties of upland soybean field according to the soil series at 32 upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do. Soil sampling sites were selected by using the National Statistics DB and KSIS DB that is a soil environment information system provided by the Rural Development Administration. Soil samples were collected from 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting, air-dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and analyzed for soil pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus (P2O5), exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. The average chemical properties have exceeded the each nutrient optimum range level of RDA, except the organic matter in experimental soil 2015. And despite application of conventional fertilization, each soil series nutrient contents were change respectively. The results of this study suggest that conventional fertilization should be applied based on the analysis about the amount of accumulated nutrient contents in the soil.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)
김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1
In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.
대스팬 지붕구조물의 바람에 의한 동적거동을 고려한 풍하중 평가에 관한 연구
김대영,김지영,김한영,이명호,김상대 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)
Generally, wind loads for large span structures are evaluated with surface pressure data acquired in wind tunnel test. Unlike cladding wind loads, the structural wind loads could be over-estimated with only peak pressures of each surface pressure point because the peak pressures on a surface are not well correlated at a given time. Also, the load shapes of wind loads, and the load effects and dynamic behaviors of a structure should be considered in the wind load assessment. In this study, several wind load evaluation methods were applied to Gwangmyeong Velodrome dome and the results were compared to analyze the properties of each method for the suggestion of a proper evaluation procedure.
Distribution of Aquaporins (Water Channels) in the Rat Salivary Glands
정지연(Ji-Yeon Jung),한창룡(Chang-Ryoung Han),정연진(Yeon-Jin Jeong),오원만(Won-Mann Oh),김미원(Mi-Won Kim1),김선헌(Sun-Hun Kim),김옥준(Ok-Joon Kim),김현진(Huyn-Jin Kim),고정태(Jeong-Tae Koh),최홍란(Hong-Ran Choi),김원재(Won-Jae Kim) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.3
침샘은 하루 1.5 l의 침을 분비하며, 일반적으로 침샘에서 수분이동은 능동적 염분 이동에 따른 삼투현상에 의해 일어난다. 따라서 침샘에서 높은 수분투과성으로 인해 수분통로 단백인 aquaporin (AQP)들이 풍부하게 존재할 수 있다. 지금까지침샘에 4가지 형태의 AQP이 존재한다고 알려져 있지만 침샘에서 정확한 위치와 수분 이동에 대한 각 AQP들의 역할은 아직 확실치 않다. 본 연구는 300 g 정도의 흰쥐를 pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, IP) 마취하에서 carbarchol (10 μg/kg)을 복강 내 투여한 후 AQP들의 역할과 분포를 면역조직화학방법으로 조사하였다. AQP1은 침샘의 미세혈관의 내피세포와 샘세포와 샘관 주위에 존재하는 근육상피세포에 존재하였다. AQP4는 침샘관의 마지막 부위인 배출관에 존재하였다. AQP5는 주로 장액세포의 바닥가쪽과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막 에 존재하였으며 콜린성 분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. AQP5는 모든 침샘의 사이관과 줄무늬 관에도 존재하였으며 점액세포는 약하게 존재하였다. AQP8은 AQP5처럼 장액세포의 바닥쪽막과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막에 존재하였으며 콜린성 침분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막쪽으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. 이상의 실험결과는 AQP5와 AQP8이 장액세포에서 일차 침 형성시 일어나는 수분이동의 주된 통로임을 시사하였다. The salivary glands produce 1.5 l of fluid per day. As in other organs, the general paradigm in the salivary glands is that water movement occurs secondary to osmotic driving forces created by active salt transport. Therefore, high water permeability in salivary glands is expected to need a variety of aquaporin (AQP), a water channel. Although four AQPs have been known to reside in salivary glands, the precise location and roles of AQPs have been not well examined. This study is aimed to investigate the distribution of AQPs in 3 major salivary glands and their changes after cholinergic stimulation using immunohistochemical study in Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300 g under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. AQP1 was localized in the endothelial cells of all salivary capillary vessels and the myoepithelial cells. AQP4 was demonstrated in the epithelium of the excretory ductal cells of all salivary glands. AQP5 and 8 were abundantly present in the basolateral membrane and apical membranes of the serous acini including intercellular secretory canaliculi, whereas AQP5 was weakly present in mucous acini. In addition, AQP5 was found in the epithelium of the intercalated and striated ducts. Upon stimulation of carbachol (10 μg/kg, I.P). AQP5 and 8 tended to translocate from basolateral membrane to the apical membrane, appearing as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 and 8 are the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in salivary acinar cells.