Do Subtypes of Focus Really Exist in Spanish?

Hye-Yoon Chung 한국언어학회 2016 언어 Vol.41 No.1

Chung, Hye-Yoon. 2016. Do Subtypes of Focus Really Exist in Spanish? Korean Journal of Linguistics, 41-2, 97-118. This article deals with the term focus in Spanish, in particular, two subtypes of focus, called Contrastive Focus and Non-contrastive Focus (cf. Gutiérrez-Bravo, 2005). According to Zubizarreta (1998), in Spanish, the two types of focus most noticeably differ syntactically: While Non-contrastive Focus should appear at the utterance-final position, Contrastive Focus may appear in-situ. Inspired by a handful of studies (e.g. Cabrera-Abreu & García-Lecumberri, 2003; Kim & Avelino, 2003; Toledo, 1989) and motivated by empirical data gathered for the pilot study conducted prior to the current study, I set out to reinvestigate Zubizarreta’s (1998) claim on the distinction between the focus subtypes. The findings of the current study show that the pragmatically defined notion of focus (Lambrecht, 1994) is not further divided into two types in Castilian Spanish at least syntactically. Across the focus scopes, there were little differences in Contrastive Focus and in Non-contrastive focus. (Korea University)

Determination of Acyl-lysophosphatidic Acid in Plasma by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Yoon, Hye-Ran 덕성여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

Analysis of acyl lysophosphatidic acids(LPAs) has clinical importance as a potential biomarker for ovarian and other gynecological cancers or obesity in the aspect of prevention. Here we report simple sample preparation and analytical method developed with high sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of gynecological cancers to improve the overall outcome of this disease. We established a novel quantification method of acyl-LPAs in plasma by electrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using multiple reaction monitoring mode without conventional TLC step. Protein-bound lipids, acyl-LPAs in plasma were extracted with methanol : chloroform (2:1) containing LPA C14:0 as internal standard under acidic condition. Following back extraction with chloroform and water, centrifuged lower phase was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol and then analyzed. Using ESI-MS-MS with negative ionization MRM mode, all the species of LPAs were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. For MRM mode, Q1 ions selected were m/z 409, 433, 435, 437 and 457 which corresponds to molecular mass [M-H]- of C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 and C20:3 LPA, respectively. Q2 ions selected for MRM was m/z 79, phosphoryl product. Using MS/MS with MRM mode, all the species of LPAa were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. This method allowed simultaneous detection and quantification of different species of LPAs in a plasma over a linear dynamic range of 0.01 - 25 (mol/L. The method detection limit was 0.3 pmol/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9983 in most LPAs analyzed. When applied to the plasmas with normal and gynecological cancer patient, this new method differentiated two different groups by way of total LPA level.

소방공무원의 정신건강 문제 예방을 위한 해피아트테라피 프로그램 적용 사례연구

윤혜선 ( Hye-sun Yoon ),윤현서 ( Hyunseo Yoon ) 한국무용과학회 2022 한국무용과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 소방공무원 대상 해피아트테라피(Happy Arts Therapy: 이하 H.A.T.)프로그램의 적용 사례를 통해 소방공무원의 정신건강 문제 예방을 위한 통합예술치유 프로그램의 효과적인 적용 방안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이에 이 연구는 2018년 8월부터 2020년 2월까지 서울소방재난본부 소속 소방학교와 소방서·119안전센터에서 787명의 소방공무원을 대상으로 총 88회 시행된 H.A.T.프로그램을 연구하기 위해 다양한 정보원들을 활용하여 상세하고 심층적으로 보고하는 사례연구 방법을 통해 ‘H.A.T. 프로그램의 구성과정’과 ‘프로그램 참여경험의 의미’ 및 ‘평가내용’을 분석하였다. 첫째, 소방공무원 대상 H.A.T. 프로그램의 내용 구성은 윤혜선(2009)이 개발한 H.A.T. 프로그램의 기본 구조를 기반으로 소방공무원의 특성을 반영하여 ‘긍정적 대인관계’, ‘스트레스 해소’, ‘자기이해’, ‘심리적 회복탄력성 증진’을 프로그램 내용 구성의 주안점으로 도출하였다. 또한 소방공무원 대상 H.A.T. 프로그램의 체계적인 운영 시스템 구축을 위하여 운영과정에 참여한 구성원들은 상호 협력 관계를 통해 역할분담과 환경구축 과정에서 지속적으로 협의하여 운영 체계를 구성하였다. 둘째, 소방공무원의 H.A.T. 프로그램 참여 경험의 의미를 범주화하여 분석한 결과, ‘동료 간의 소통 및 유대감 경험’, ‘심리적·신체적 회복의 경험’, ‘자기 이해의 경험’으로 분류 할 수 있었다. 셋째, 이 연구에서 H.A.T. 프로그램의 평가는 참여 기관 자체 평가자료와 언론보도, 참여자 평가와 운영 구성원의 평가 자료를 중심으로 평가사항을 분석하였는데, 이를 통해 프로그램에 대한 소방기관의 긍정적인 평가를 확인하였고, 차후 프로그램 운영과정의 개선방안을 탐색하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 소방공무원의 정신건강을 위한 예술치유 프로그램 및 심리지원 프로그램의 효과적인 적용방안을 모색하는 연구의 기초자료로 활용되길 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to explore effective application plans for integrated art healing program to prevent mental health problems in fire-fighting officers through the application cases of the Happy Arts Therapy(Hereinafter referred to as H.A.T.) program for fire-fighting officers in this study. Accordingly, in this study ‘the composition process of the H.A.T. program’, ‘meaning of program participation experience’, and ‘evaluation contents’ were conducted in order to study the H.A.T. program implemented a total of 88 times through a case study method that uses various sources of information. The subjects of the study are 787 fire-fighting officers at a fire school, fire station, and 119 Safety Center belonging to the Seoul Fire and Disaster Headquarter from Aug. 2018 to Feb. 2020. The results are as follows. First, the content composition of the H.A.T. program for fire-fighting officers was mainly drawn as ‘positive interpersonal relationship’, ‘relieve stress’, ‘self-understanding’, and ‘promote psychological resilience’ reflecting the characteristics of fire-fighting officers based on the basic structure of the H.A.T. program developed by Hye-Sun Yoon(2009). In addition, members who participated in the operating process continuously consulted in the process of division of roles and environmental construction through mutual cooperation in order to establish a systematic operation system for the H.A.T. program for fire-fighting officers. Second, it could be classified into ‘communication and bonding experience between colleagues’, ‘psychological and physical recovery experience’, and ‘self-understanding experience’ as a result of categorizing and analyzing the meaning of participation experience in the H.A.T. program of fire-fighting officers. Third, the evaluation of the H.A.T. program was analyzed focusing on proprietary evaluation data of participating agencies, media reports, participant evaluations, and evaluation data from the operation members in this study. A positive evaluation of the program was confirmed by the fire institution and a plan to improve the program operation process in the future was explored. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for research seeking effective application of art healing programs and psychological support programs for the mental health of fire-fighting officers in the future.

호산구성 간농양 54예의 임상상

강혜련,권혁수,송우정,이상민,김태범,박혜경,장윤석,김윤근,조상헌,민경업,김유영 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

Protective Effects of N-acetylcystenine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in Rats

Yeo-sung Yoon,Sun-don Kim,Min-hye Lee,Heung-shik S.Lee,In-se Lee,Je-kyung Sung,Eun-sung Park 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in RatsEun-sung Park, Sun-don Kim1, Min-hye Lee, Heung-shik S. Lee, In-se Lee, Je-kyung Sung and Yeo-sung Yoon*

치매환자 조호자를 위한 교육지지프로그램의 효과성에 관한 비교연구

송 흡(Heup Song),강재명(Jae Myeong Kang),김병규(Steven B. Kim),조성진(Seong Jin Cho),윤선경(Seon kyung Yun),윤혜진(Hye jin Yoon),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon) 대한노인정신의학회 2017 노인정신의학 Vol.21 No.1

Objective:We studied the effect of Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan and Hye-Ah-Rim on several evaluations and compared the two programs. We then investigated factors associated with the difference between pre- and post-ratings. Methods:Thirty-six patients were randomized to Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan (n=23) or Hye-Ah-Rim (n=13). We tested for the effect of each program on several evaluations and compared the two programs through Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS)-intelligence, DAS-comfort and DAS-total. We then investigated whether the difference between pre- and post-rating depends on other factors. Results:We observed significant positive effect of Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan on DAS-comfort (t=1.843, p=0.039) and significant positive effect of Hye-Ah-Rim on ZBI (t=-2.327, p=0.019), DAS-comfort (t=2.241, p=0.022), and EuroQol-5 Dimensions-Visual Analogue Scale (t=2.537, p=0.013). For comparing the two programs, we found a lack of evidence for the difference in any of the five commonly observed evaluations. In the secondary analysis, we observed a strong trend that the two programs were particularly effective for caregivers with negative pre-ratings. Conclusion:The two programs showed positive effects on the various evaluations, but some evaluations could not reach statistical significance. The programs appear to be particularly helpful for those who are in need before the program participation.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

유아기의 새로운 성역할 교육 방향의 모색

尹惠嫄 瑞逸專門大學 1991 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This study is designed to search for the educational direction so that the conception of sex-role could be developed correctly during early childhood. For this study, three study subject matters were set up as follows: 1. Conceptional difference between traditional sex-role and new one. 2. Primary determination factor for the formation of sex-role conception. 3. Educational direction toward the new sex-role. The followings can be obtained according to the above-mentioned subject matters. 1. It is suggested that traditional sex-role conception have a basic difference according to sex as a behavior type and specific character recognized traditionally in physical and mental aspects. Man's image has been prescribed independent, aggressive, intellect, and creative, while woman's image recognized passive, obedient, sentimental, and dependent. But new sex-role conception is based on the androgynous perspectives which is the unity of both things together after breaking the seperation point which is considered traditionally manly or womanly. This situation, since man and woman have both psychological similarities it should be started from the presupposition that their characters and subconsciousness must be developed in priority. Traditional man and woman distinction shows rather unadaption, so the more flexibility for the distinction can serve for individuals' mental health and self-mature because they can take part in the activities freely which is recognized manly and womanly. 2. Child rearing attitides of parents, the order of siblings, children's ages, teachers, children's literature, and T.V. were reviewed. As for the primary determination factors for the formation of sex-role conception. First, child rearing attitudes of parents are one of the contributing factor for formation of stereotype sex-role conception of children. Second, the order of siblings or age intervals of siblings, and number of brothers and sisters could influence on the preference of children's sex-role. Third, it is understood, that the sensitive period for the influence on sex-role model by parents is upto the age of 6. Fourth, teachers, next to parents, play important role on the formation of children's sex-role. Therefore, it is recommended that the teacher's attitude of self development toward androgyny attitude needed. Fifth, children's literature show the tendency that stressed the fixed sex-role conception of man and woman characters. Sixth, the more children watch T.V., children show the more sex stereotype. Therefore, it has high correlation between the T.V. watching time and fixed on preference of sex-role attitude. 3. Based on the above discussion, the searches and educational direction of new sex-role are as followed. First, different expecting attitude of parents such as boy preference, should be avoided. To be specific, boys and girls should not be regregated in indoor or outdoor play with fixed materials. Second, the order of siblings or age intervals of siblings, and the number of brothers and sisters are closely related in the formation of sex preference. Yet, there are a few children in the nuclear family today, it is recommeded that the effort to expand the experiences of making friend with the children about same ages in the neighborhood in required. Third, children, upto the age of 6, are influenced from parents and members of family in the formation of sex stereotype. Therefore, it is recommended to give more chance for the children to experience the chances of androgynous no fixed sex-roles beween peergroups, teachers, and mass media upto the age of 6 and onward. Fourth, teachers, next to parents, are the adults who have close relations with children. To diminish the traditional sex-role attitude which might unconsciously be revealed, proper inservice education for teachers are urgently needed. Fifth, children's literature too, influence on the formation of children's sex-role conception. Therefore, fairy tales and stories that emphasize androgynous sex-role is needed. Sixth, T.V. program for Androgyny for children, should be provided properly through the synthetic analysis and advertisement scene. In order to do this systematic governmental dimensions like preliminary precensorship about the program productions and contents review are required. Seventh, teachers and parents must expand the chance for the children to select interesting play and toys materials by their own will. And discussion among children has to be the one which stress the new sex-roles and valuing the androgyny.

흰쥐에 사염화탄소 투여시 간 Xanthine Oxidase 활성에 미치는 Allopurinol의 영향

윤종국,이혜자,이상일 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCINE 1995 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.1 No.1

사염화탄소에의한 간손상시 CCl₄대사에 xanthine oxidase(XO)가 관련되는지를 규명하기 위한 일환으로 allopurinol을 흰쥐 체중 Kg당 50mg을 전처치한다음 CCl₄를 투여한후 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. CCl₄투여로 인한 간조직의 postmitochondria 분획의 XO활성은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 현저히 감소되었으나 투석한 겨울에는 오히려 증가되었으며 type D로부터 type O로의 전환율은 감소되었다. 또한, 투석한 간조직의 XO를 반응속도적인 측면에서 관찰해볼 때 allopurinol을 전처치후 CCl₄투여군이 CCl₄단독투여군보다 Vmax가 크게 나타났다. CCl₄투여로 인한 체중당 간무게의 증가율과 혈청 alanine aminotransferase활성증가율은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 저하되었다. 한편 CCl₄투여로인한 간조직중 aniline hydroxylase 및 glucose 6 phosphatase활성감소율은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 저하되었다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합하여 볼 때 실험동물에 CCl₄와 allopurinol을 병행투여시 allopurinol이 사염화탄소에의한 간손상을 억제시키는 현상은 XO와 사염화탄소대사간에 관련성이 있음을 시사해주고 있다. To evaluate an effect of xanthine oxidase(XO) reaction system on the carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄) metabolism, CCl₄was given twice at O.1ml/10g body wt. at intervals of 18 hour to the mts and those pretreated with allopurinol (50mg/kg. body wt.). The influence of XO on the metabolism of CCl₄ was focused on the degree of liver damage and the activities of a CCl₄metabolizing marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. The increasing rate of liver weight per body weight and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase to the control group were more decreased in allopurinol-pretreated rats than in those treated with CCl₄ alone. The liver XO activities were more increased in CC1₄-treated rats than the control group and the CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed a decreased activities of XO compared to the CC1₄-treated rats. The type conversion (type D --> type O) rate was more decreased tendency in allopurinol pretreated rats than those treated CCl₄alone. In dialyzed liver enzyme preparations, all of the xanthine oxidase activities: CC1₄-treated, allopurinol and CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed the more increased Vmax value than the control group, but similar Km value. Moreover, CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed the more increased Vmax value than the group treated with CCl₄alone. In conclusion, it can not be negate the possibility of metabolism of CCl₄by the xanthine oxidase enzyme system.