2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

전라남도 거주 노인의 생활만족도에 관한 연구

장은동,송기범 호남대학교 대학원 2010 호남대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

생애주기 측면에서 볼 때 노년기는 다양한 부정적 사건들로 인해 생활상의 스트레스가 많은 시기이다. 신체적·정신적 건강의 악화, 경제적인 문제를 비롯한 사회적 자본의 상실 등은 노인들의 삶의 질에 영향을 주게 되는데, 노인복지의 궁극적 목표가 노인의 삶의 질 향상이라고 본다면 노인들의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 생활만족도에 관한 연구는 노인 문제 해결과 개입 방안을 위해 매우 중요하다고 본다. 본 연구는 전라남도 노인들의 인구·사회학적 요인, 건강 수준요인, 경제적 요인, 주 수발자와(Caver giver)의 관계에 따라 노인의 생활 만족도에 차이가 있는지를 규명하여 전라남도 노인들의 생활만족도에 대한 이해를 도모하고 사회복지 실천 개입의 방향을 제시할 수 있다는데 목적을 갖는다. 본 연구 자료는 전라남도 노인복지중장기계획 수립을 위한 실태 및 욕구조사를 위해 2005년 4월 전라남도에 거주 하고 있는 65세 이상의 남녀노인 800여명을 대상으로 설문조사를 위탁받은 (사)한국 사회조사 연구소의 2차 자료이며, 본 연구의 가설검증에 필요한 문항만을 선택하여 자료분석의 대상으로 하였다. 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남자일수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 아들, 딸 모두 있는 집단이, 배우자가 있는 경우에, 가족․친척과의 연락빈도가 많을수록 노인의 생활 만족도에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ADL의 능력과 IADL의 능력에 전혀 문제 없는 집단이 유의미하게 생활만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직업이 있는 집단과 수입에 따른 경제 상태가 높을수록, 넷째, 주 수발자와의 관계가 좋을수록 생활 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. The aim of this study is to examine which factors are associated with the life satisfaction among the study sample, which consist of 800 elders same to or over 65 years-old living in Jeollanam-do in April, 2004 when the raw data was collected by face-to-face interviewers. Using this primary data, this study was conducted as a second hand data analysis. Statistical methods, such as T-test and ANOVA were utilized along with SPSS 15.0 Korean Version to test the hypotheses for this study. Specifically, those variables related to sex, the composition of family members, the existence of spouse, health status, and job status were put into the data analysis for t-tests to explore whether or not these variables were associated with the life satisfaction among the participants. Meanwhile, age, the frequency of contact with family members and relatives, economic status and the relationship between the participant and care giver were analyzed variables to test their associations with the life satisfaction using ANOVA technique. The results of the hypotheses testing revealed that sex, age, the composition of family members, the existence of spouse and the contact frequency with family members and relatives were found to be significantly associated with the participants' life satisfaction. More specifically, 1) man, 2) younger participants, 3) those who belong to the group having both son(s) and daughter(s), 4) those who have a spouse, and 5) those who have more contacts with their family members and relatives were more likely to be satisfied with their lives than woman and those not. In terms of health status measured by ADLs and IADLs, those who had no problem with those functioning were more likely to be satisfied with their lives than those who had at least one problem with ADLs and IADLs. Regarding the hypotheses related to the job status and the economic status, those participants who had a job were reported statistically higher degree of life satisfaction than those who did not work. As the same manner, those who had more monthly income were found to be more satisfied with their lives than those with less monthly income. Finally the better relationship between the participant and care giver was turned out to be a statistically significant factor for the better life satisfaction. Based upon the above findings, implications for social work practice for the improvement of the elder's life satisfaction in a farming area are discussed at the micro and mezzo level. The limitations of this study and recommendations for future research are also provided.

오렌지로부터 아플라톡신B₁의 정량분석에 관한 연구

장향동,백광균,구경림,옥선미,최진석,고은주,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

Aflatoxin B₁ was known to have the strongest poisonous character among Aflatoxin compounds. To search the production of Aflatoxin B1 according to the change of temperature, relative humidity and incubation days, orange incubated with Aspergillus parasiticus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ at relative humidity 60%, 70%, 80% and for incubation time 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days.. Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the highest production appeared at 25℃ and its relative humidity 70%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 77.41ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 87.87ppm. - Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the lowest production appreared at 20℃ and its relative humidity 80%(HPLC), 60%(Fluoroscence detector). The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 4.47ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 4.17ppm. The structure of Aflatoxin B₁ was identify with authentic sample by using instrumental analysis methods of GC/MS, ¹H-NMR, FT-IR respectively.

Ketoprofen 첩포제(Ketotop : )의 경피적용에 따른 혈장농도 및 피부자극의6 검토

임동석,장인진,신상구,유재학,은희철 大韓臨床藥理學會 1994 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

자가 탈회골의 조직반응에 관한 실험적 연구

김장연,김영조,엄인웅,이동근,이재은 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1993 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.15 No.3

Many surgeons are on the point of bone excision and reconstruction of the bone defects by autograft. xenograft, and allograft in the treatment fo begin and malignant tumors of bone. Of all type of bone grafts, we received the autograft as the best ideal bone graft. Of autogenic bone graft, replantation of excised autogenic bone for reconstructiong the bone defects has been the ideal method until now, but early bone healing reponses and tumor cell devitalization after replantation of excised autogenic bone have not been identified for clinical applications. So, to evaluate bone healing response after replantation in rabbit's calvarial bone, we divided the experimental group into three groups. Group 1 is a fresh autogenous bone group. Group 2 is a deep frozen group. Group 3 is freeze-dried demineralized group. Obtained result were as followed: 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration appeared at I week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental group, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infiltration showed in fresh autogenous bone group at 2 weeks, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infitration showed n fresh autogenous bone group at 2 week Group 3 is the least showing group on the point of inflammatory cell infiltration. 2. Osteoblastic activity evenly increased upto 4 weeks and maintained to 6 weeks and decreased after this period, especially osteoblastic activity in group 2 is less than group 1 and group 3. We can't discriminate between osteoblastic activity of group 1 and that of group 3. 3. In new bone formation, group 3 was more active than any other groups at early stage, but there were little differences among three experimental groups at later state. 4. Bone resorption around the grafted bone slightly appeared at 1 week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental groups. We can find the more bone resorption in group 2 at 2 weeks than any other groups. We could suggest, as appears from our results, that freeze-dried deminiralized bone graft is the useful bone graft in the clinical applications of excised autogenic bone.

송아지 Adenosine Deaminase의 여러가지 성질에 Polyethylene Glycol의 공유적 결합이 미치는 효과

김동규,김은진,장태식 인제대학교 1990 仁濟論叢 Vol.6 No.1

Methoxypolyethylene glycol of 5,000 dalton were covalently atteched to calf adenosine deaminase using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent. The modified enzyme demonstrates altered catalytic properties such as shifts ill the pH and temperature optima, an decrease in the Michaelis-Menten constant and lowered Vmax in comparison with the native enzyme. The electroporetic mobility of PEG-ADA is greatly decreased in comparison to the unmodified enzyme.

전산유체역학을 이용한 싸이클론형 전기집진기 고도 설계 연구

이은주,장동순,나혜령,김혜숙 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

A computer program is developed in order to figure out the physical insight of the combined dust removal equipment, that is, cyclonic electrostatic precipitator. The computer program employs Patankar's control-volume based finite-difference method, in which SIMPLEC algorithm is used for the resolution of pressure-linked momentum equation. Further two equation k-ε model is incorperated for Reynolds stresses and many empirical formulae are employed for dust charging and electric resistivity. A series of extensive parametric investigations are performed in terms of tangential velocity(swirl intensity), applied voltage across two electrodes, and particulate diameters, etc. It is found that the electrostatic force gives much more strong effect, expecially for small particulate, on the dust removal than the centrifugal force. Other calculated results are physically acceptable and consistent.

정신분열병과 Neuregulin 1 유전자의 연합연구

박동연,이유상,조은영,조승희,장용이,전현옥,장수연,윤세창,김종원,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives : The authors recently found a suggestive evidence of linkage of chromosome 8p21-12 to schizophrenia in Korean multiplex families. Neuregutin 1 (NRGI) was identified in this locus as a positional and functional candidate gene for Schizo-phrenia, through several independent studies with European and Chinese populations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NRGl is associated with schizophrenia in Korean population. Methods : Three SNPs (SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, SNP8NRG243177) and two microsatellites markers (478B14-848,420M9-1395) located at the 5' end of NRGI were genotyped for 242 unrelated schizophrenia patients and the same num-ber of normal controls. Genetic association was tested by χ²-test (df=1). Not only for the whole patients group but also for asubgroup of patients with auditory hallucination. This subtype showed stronger linkage with chromosome 8p12 in the prior study of the authors with multiplex families. Results : G allele of SNP8NRG241930 was significantly in excess in the subgroup of patients with auditory hallucination compared to the control group (p=0.03, 0R=1.76). We also found that 3 SNPs haplotype TTC (p=0.04, 0R=0.58) and five markers haplotype TTC53 (p=0.01,0R=0.49) were associated with schziophrenia with a protective effect. Three SNPs haplotype CGT which is a part of the at-risk haplotype of the Icelandic schizophrenia families was found in excess in the patients group but no significant association was observed. Conclusion : NRGI might either play a mle in the predisposition to schizophrenia or be in linkage disequilibrium with a causal locus of this illness.

제약업종 부산물 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니 처리토양에 대한 유기화합물 및 Bioassay 분석 평가

임동규,이상범,이승환,남재작,나영은,권장식,권순익,소규호 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 퇴비원료로 지정된 제약업종 부산물(공정오니) 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니를 퇴비로서 활용 가능성을 판단하기 위하여 기존의 일반성분이나 중금속 성분 분석 이외 유기성 화합물과 기타 여러 생물검정법 등을 활용하여 시용한 오니에 의한 토양 내 비료의 피해를 밝혀내고 이들의 평가방법을 확립하고자 포장시험을 수행하였다. 오니의 처리에 따른 HEM의 함량은 제약업종 오니2(PS2)와 화장품 오니(CS)처리가 각각 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg로 가장 높았고, PAHs의 함량은 제약업종 오니2(PS2) 처리에서 3,406.8 μg/kg로 가장 높았다. 토양에 서식하는 미소동물의 밀도변화는 생육 중기(7월 23일) 및 수확기(10월 1일) 모두 제약오니2 및 돈분 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 기타 처리구는 차이가 없이 아주 낮았다. 오니의 처리에 따른 세균 및 사상균의 균수는 제약업종 오니2처리에서 각각 736, 909 cfu/g로 가장 많았고, 화장품 오니도 각각 440, 236 cfu/g으로 다른 처리에 비해 많은 경향을 보였다. 제약오니 및 화장품오니 처리시 우점세균은 무비, 돈분처리에 비해 일정한 경향이 없었으나 3요소 처리보다 다양한 세균이 검출되었다. 오니의 처리에 따른 우점사상균은 무처리에 비해 제약업종 오니3와 화장품 오니처리에서 형태적 특징이 다른 콜로니가 검출되었으나 다른 처리는 비슷한 경향으로 종류 간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. Microcosm test를 통하여 오니 처리 후 3개월이 경과한 토양의 오염정도를 평가한 결과는 제약업종 오니3과 화장품 오니처리는 약간 영향을 받아서 80~90% 생존하였으나, 제약업종 오니1처리는 처리 2주(14일) 이후에는 급격히 생존율이 떨어져서 4주 이후에는 10%만 생존하였다. 그러나 6개월이 경과한 토양에서는 지렁이의 생존율은 제약업종 오니1처리만 약간 영향을 받은 것으로 보였으며 다른 처리들은 전혀 영향을 받지 않았던 것으로 조사되었다. 유기성 오니의 퇴비원료로 활용은 비료관리법의 비료공정 규격 중 퇴비의 비고란에 "퇴비의 원료로 사용 가능한 물질과 사용 불가능한 물질'(별표1)에서 "희비의 원료 중 사전 분석검토 후 사용 가능한 원료에 대한 지정요령'에는 유기물과 중금속(8성분) 함량(건물증)과 제조공정 등을 검토하여 지정하고 있으나, 지정된 원료가 과연 회비원료로 적합한지 잘 알 수 없으며 또한 앞으로 현재의 퇴비원료 규정을 변경할 필요가 있을 경우를 대비하여 희비원료의 적합성 여부를 판별할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 퇴비원료로 이미 지정('02. 12. 31)된 제약오니 및 화장품 오니를 과량으로 토양에 시용한 후 유해 유기화합물, 미소동물, 미생물 및 생물학적(지렁이) 유해성 검정방법의 도입 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 고추를 재배한 포장에서 비료의 피해시험을 실시한 결과 유해 유기화합물과 생물학적(지렁이) 유해성 검정방법은 앞으로 연구를 통해서 보완할 경우 상당히 활용 가능성이 있는 좋은 평가방법인 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to assessment organic compound and bioassay (density of inhabited animal, fluctuation of predominant fungi, and survival ratio of earthworm) for finding damage on red pepper by heavily amount application of sludges in soil, which was treated with 3 pharmaceutical byproducts and a cosmetic industry wastewater sludge as raw materials of compost, and for establishing estimation method. HEM contents in the soil treated with pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 (PS2) and cosmetic sludge (CS) were 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg respectively. PAHs content of PS2 treatment in the soil was 3406.8 ug/kg on July 8. In abundance of soil faunas, the pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 treatment was the most highest. The next was decreased in the order of pig manure (PM) and the cosmetic sludge treatment. However the other pharmaceutical sludge treatments were remarkably reduced populations of soil inhabited animals. In upland soil treated with organic sludges, the numbers of bacteria and fungi of the pharmaceutical sludge treatment were 736, 909 cfu/g and those of the cosmetic sludge treatment were 440, 236 cfu/g, respectively. The pharmaceutical sludge treatments and the cosmetic sludge treatment in identification of predominant bacteria were not any tendency to compare with non fertilizer and pig manure treatments, but they had diverse bacteria than NPK treatment. In microcosm tests, the survival of the tiger earthworm in five soil samples was hardly affected against the soil of PSI (20%) after three months treated in the upland. But after six months, survival of PSI was 80%. At present, raw material of compost was authorized by contents of organic matter, heavy metal (8 elements), and product processing according to "The specified gist on possible materials of using after analysis and investigation among raw materials of compost", however, for preparing to change regulation of raw material of compost and for considering to possibility of application, this study was conducted to investigate toxic organic compound and bioassay methods using inhabited animal, fungi, and earthworm without current regulation.

무세포혈관과 자가 골수줄기세포를 이용한 조직공학적 인공혈관 제조

김동익,김병수,조승우,임정은,어현선,이민재,김종성,장인성 대한혈관외과학회 2004 Vascular Specialist International Vol.20 No.1