2PB-2 HPLC 및 ELISA 법에 의한 오염된 귤로부터 아플라톡신 B1 의 정량분석에 관한 연구

백광균,류성렬,장향동 한국공업화학회 2000 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2000 No.0

N/A N/A

The studies on the Quantitative analyses of Aflatoxin B1 from Soya-beans

백광균,장향동,김태현,원옥남,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2002 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.0

To search the production of aflatoxin B1 according to the change of temperature and relative humidity, soya-beans incubated with aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 25°C, 30°C and at relative humidity 50%, 60%, 70% and for incubation time 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8days. Production of aflatoxin B1 shows that the highest production appeared at 25°C and its relative humidity 70%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 68.41ppm, and by using fluoroscence detector was 69.90ppm. Production of aflatoxin B1 shows that the lowest production appeared at 30 °C and its relative humidity 50%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 25.96ppm, and by using fluoroscence detector was 26.67ppm. And so, production of aflatoxin B1 was more product at 25°C, humidity 70% than 30°C, humidity 70%. The structure of aflatoxin B1 have been identified on determination by using instrumental analysis methods of FT-IR, MS, 1H-NMR, respectively.

벌금형 양형기준에 관한 연구

백광균 ( Baek Kwangkyoon ) 사법정책연구원 2020 연구보고서 Vol.2020 No.15

양형위원회는 사법개혁의 일환으로 설립되어 지난 13년간 징역형을 중심으로 주요 범죄에 대한 양형기준을 완비하였고, 벌금형에 대한 양형기준은 당선의 효력을 좌우할 만큼 양형의 중요성이 높은 선거범죄에서만 설정하였다. 그러나 통계로 보면, 벌금형은 전체의 80%를 차지할 만큼 건수 자체로서는 징역형보다 훨씬 많고, 유형별로는 90% 이상 벌금형으로 종결될 것으로 예상되는 범죄도 있다. 우리보다 먼저 양형기준을 도입, 운용한 영국과 미국은 모두 벌금형에 대한 양형기준을 설정, 활용한다. 영국 양형기준은 형을 선택할 때 벌금형, 사회형, 구금형 순서로 우선함을 명시한다. 미국 연방 양형기준은 개인과 단체에 대한 양형기준을 따로 정한다. 독일은 양형 기준이 없고, 주요 범죄의 양형 실무를 정리한 주석서가 통용된다. 일본 역시 양형기준은 없으나, 양형 시세라는 개념이 통용되며, 주요 범죄의 양형 시세를 정리한 문헌이 있다. 미국 연방을 제외하면, 모두 양형에서 벌금형이 차지하는 비중은 80% 전후로서 우리와 엇비슷하였다. 벌금형 양형기준은 양형기준, 벌금형, 형벌감수성이라는 3가지 요소를 바탕으로 도입론과 신중론이 대립하고, 형 선택, 형량, 형 선택과 형량이라는 3가지 국면에서 공통과 개별의 2가지 기준을 조합한 6가지 방식이 가능하다. 제각각 장단점이 분명하므로, 실제 도입할 때는 장점을 살리고 단점을 줄이는 방향으로 지혜를 모아야 한다. 더불어 검토할 법인, 환형 유치, 벌금형 집행유예에 대한 양형기준에서도 마찬가지이다. The Sentencing Commission under Supreme Court of Korea, being established in the wake of the judicial reform, has refurbished major offence-specific guidelines for jail sentences for the past 13 years, however has yet to set forth the guidelines on fines except for the election offence, the amount of which fines will be determinative on the validity of election. According to the statistics, fines penalty accounts for 80% of all the sentences imposed, remarkably well over 90% in some offences, showing far more ratio than jail sentences. England and Wales in the United Kingdom, and the United States, all of which had introduced sentencing guidelines before Korea, have put forward with the guidelines for some fine sentences. In England and Wales, the sentencing guidelines make it clear to the effect that the priority shall be given on the fines over community and custodial sentences. In the United States, federal sentencing guidelines for individuals and organisations are separated. In Germany, there has been no sentencing guideline, instead having major offence-specific sentencing practice as a form of commentary. Likewise, Japan has no sentencing guideline, but having the concept of sentencing market prices and major offence-specific sentencing practice as a commentary. Except for the United States’ federal jurisdiction, fine penalty ratios of above-mentioned jurisdictions stand at approximately 80% of all the sentences, similar to that of Korea. In Korea, as regards whether or not to introduce sentencing guidelines for fines, there have been pros and cons on the matters involving 3 elements, i.e., sentencing guidelines, fines and offenders’ sensibility to sentences, possibly indicating on the formula diversified by 6 manners; combinations of 3 patterns to determine the types of sentences, the sentencing category ranges or both of them, multiplied by variables of general or specific respectively. Each manner has its own merits and demerits, so that we need to be scrupulous enough in seeking the ways to bolster the advantages and to suppress the disadvantages. In addition, the above conclusions shall also be applied in search of sentencing guidelines for organisations, transferring the period of imprisonment for fines, and suspending the enforcement of fines.

HPLC 및 ELISA법에 의한 오염된 귤로부터 아플라톡신 B₁의 정량분석에 관한 연구

백광균,김진목,장향동 서울産業大學校 1997 논문집 Vol.45 No.1

아플라톡신 B1은 발암성 물질로서 Aflatoxin 화합물 중 독성이 가장 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 아플라톡신 B₁의 온도와 상대습도 변화에 따른 생성량을 조사하기 위하여 귤에 Aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 균을 접종하여 각각 상대습도 50%, 60%, 70%에서 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, 배양 시간은 72, 96, 120, 144, 168시간 동안 정치 배양하였다. 이때 Aflatoxin B₁의 생성량을 high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) 및 direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)법으로 측정하였다. 측정 결과는 25℃에서 상대습도가 70 %, 배양 시간은 168(7일)시간에서 최대 생성량을 보였다. 결과적으로 HPLC를 이용한 정량분석은 27.32ppm이었으며, ELISA법을 이용한 정량분석은 25.26ppm 이었으므로 감도의 차이를 보였다. 그리고 HPLC 이용에 의하면 가장 적게 생성된 것은 35℃, 상대습도 50%, 배양시간은 72(3일)시간에서 0.5ppm이 나타났다. 따라서 온도와 수분함량은 Aflatoxin B₁의 생성량에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. Aflatoxin B₁의 구조는 각각 MS, ¹H-NMR 그리고 I.R.의 기기분석 방법을 이용하여 확인 하였다. It was known that Aflatoxin B₁ had the strongest poisonous character out of aflatoxin compounds as a carcinogenic substance. To search production, according to change of temperature and relative humidity of aflatoxin B₁, inoculated with Aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 strain, orange was incubated at 25℃ 30 ℃and 35℃ in relative humidity 50%, 60% and 70% respectively and suspensive incubated for 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. At this time, production of Aflatoxin B1 was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods. Measuring result shows that the highest production appeared at 25℃ and its relative humidity 70%, and incubation time, 168(7 days) hours. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 27.32ppm and by using ELISA was 28.26ppm and shows difference of sensitivity. By using HPLC, the lowest production that appeared at 35℃, relative humidity 50% and incubation time 72(3 day)hours, was 0.5ppm, and so temperature and moisture content influenced much production of aflatoxin B₁. The structure of aflatoixn B₁ was identification by using instrumental analysis methods of MS, ¹H-NMR, I.R. respectively.

오렌지로부터 아플라톡신B₁의 정량분석에 관한 연구

장향동,백광균,구경림,옥선미,최진석,고은주,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

Aflatoxin B₁ was known to have the strongest poisonous character among Aflatoxin compounds. To search the production of Aflatoxin B1 according to the change of temperature, relative humidity and incubation days, orange incubated with Aspergillus parasiticus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ at relative humidity 60%, 70%, 80% and for incubation time 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days.. Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the highest production appeared at 25℃ and its relative humidity 70%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 77.41ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 87.87ppm. - Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the lowest production appreared at 20℃ and its relative humidity 80%(HPLC), 60%(Fluoroscence detector). The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 4.47ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 4.17ppm. The structure of Aflatoxin B₁ was identify with authentic sample by using instrumental analysis methods of GC/MS, ¹H-NMR, FT-IR respectively.

포도로부터 아플라톡신 B₁의 정량분석에 관한 연구(第 ⅩⅧ 報)

정용복,백광균,장향동 서울産業大學校 1997 논문집 Vol.49 No.2

강력한 발암성 물질인 Aflatoxin 화합물 중 독성이 가장 강한 AFB₁의 온도와 상대습도 변화에 따른 생성량을 조사하기 위하여 포도에 Aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 균을 접종하여 온도는 26℃, 30℃, 34℃, 상대습도는 각각 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,그리고 배양시간은 72(3일), 96(4일), 120(5일), 144(6일), 168시간(7일) 동안 정치 배양하였다. AFB₁을 Column Chromatography로 정제하였고, TLC를 이용하여 분리하였으며, HPLC와 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer를 사용하여 정량분석 하였다. 분석결과 30℃, 상대습도 80%, 배양시간 168시간(7일) 일 때, 최대 생성량을 보였으며, HPLC로 정량한 경우 24.99ppm, UV/VIS로 정량한 경우 26.84ppm으로 감도의 차이를 보였다. 또한, HPLC와 UV/VIS를 이용하여 정량 분석한 결과에 의하면 약간의 감도의 차이를 보였지만 최대의 생성량은 30℃, 상대습도 80% 및 배양시간 168시간(7일) 이었으며, 최소의 생성량은 26℃, 상대습도 50% 및 배양시간 72시간(3일)일 때이었다. 따라서 온도와 상대습도 변화가 균 성장 및 AFB₁의 생성량에 큰 영향을 주었다. AFB₁의 구조는 각각 질량분석 분광기(Mass), 수소 핵자기 공명 분광기(¹H-NMR) 및 적외선 분광(I.R.)를 이용하여 확인하였다. Aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) was known to have the strongest poisonous character out of Aflatoxin compunds. To search the production of AFB₁according to the change of temperature and relative humidity, grape inoculated with Aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 26℃, 30℃, 34℃ and at relative humidity 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and for incubation time 72. 96, 120, 144, 168 hours. AFB₁ was refined by using Column Chromatography and separated by using Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC). And then it was quantitatively analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) and Ultra Violet/Visible Spectrophotometer(UV/VIS). The measuring result shows that the highest production appeared at 30℃, relative humidity 80%, and incubation time 168(7 days) hours. The result shows difference of sensitivity that quantitative analysis by using HPLC was 24.99ppm and using UV/VIS was 26.84ppm. The result of the Quantitive analysis by HPLC and UV/VIS shows a little difference of sensitivity. However, the highest production was appeared at 30℃, relative humidity 50% and incubation time 72(3 days) hours and the lowest production was appeared at 26℃, relative humidity 50%, and incubation time 72(3 days) hours. Like that, the change of temperature and relative humidity influenced much the production of AFB₁ and the growth of culture. The structure of AFB₁ was identified by using instrumental analysis methods of Mass, ¹H-NMR, IR respectively.

조정절차에서의 사실조사

정성민,백광균 사법정책연구원 2020 현안보고서 Vol.2020 No.1

대두로부터 아플라톡신 B_1 정량분석에 관한 연구

장향동,백광균,김태현,원옥남,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2002 응용화학 Vol.6 No.1

To search the production of aflatoxin B_1 according to the change of temperature and relative humidity, soya-beans incubated with aspergillus flavus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 25℃, 30℃ and at relative humidity 50%, 60%, 70% and for incubation time 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8days. Production of aflatoxin B_1 shows that the highest production appeared at 25℃ and its relative humidity 70%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 68.41ppm, and by using fluoroscence detector was 69.90ppm. Production of aflatoxin B_1 shows that the lowest production appeared at 30℃ and its relative humidity 50%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 25.96ppm, and by using fluoroscence detector was 26.67ppm. And so, production of aflatoxin B_1 was more product at 25℃, humidity 70% than 30℃, humidity 70%. The structure of aflatoxin B_1 have been identified on determination by using instrumental analysis methods of FT-IR, MS, ^1H-NMR, , respectively.

1P-117 : The Studies on the Analyses of Sterols from Pumpkin Seed Oil

김천수,장향동,백광균,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2003 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

The Studies on the Analyses of Sterols from Pumpkin Seed Oil

김천수,장향동,백광균,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2003 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2003 No.1