부부간의 커뮤니케이션에 관한 이론적 접근

손기순,정연희,조경화 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1987 家政大論集 Vol.6 No.-

전통사회가 산업사회로 전환됨에 따라서 부부가 동등한 입장에서 민주적 방식으로 대화를 통하여 가정문제를 해결하려는 경향이 짙어지고 있는 현시점에서 문헌적 고찰을 통한 부부간의 커뮤니케이션에 대해 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 커뮤니케이션은 의사소통, 감정교환, 감정이입의 의미를 포괄하고 있으며 의사를 소통하고 정보를 교환하며 감정을 이입시키는 행위의 수단이라 정의할 수 있다. (2) 커뮤니케이션의 기능은 일차적 기능과 이차적 기능으로 구분된다. 일차적 기능으로는 응집과 적응이 있으며 이것은 가족원 상호적용에 관한 통합적 개념이다. 이차적 기능으로는 가족이미지, 가족테에마, 한계, 생물·사회적 문제가 있으며 일차적 기능과 같이 가족생활의 형태를 구성한다. (3) 커뮤니케이션의 구성요소는 송신자, 기호, 반송수단으로서의 회로, 수신자로 분류 되어진다. 송신자란 어떤 사람이 다른 사람에게 자신의 의지, 감정, 지식 등을 전달하고자 할때 자기의 전달하고자 하는 것을 어떠한 표현 방법(문자, 언어, 몸짓 등)을 써서 보내는 사람을 말한다. 회로란 기호화된 메시지를 반송하는 수단으로서 음파, 전화, 전파 등이 있다. 수신자란 송신자가 메시지를 보내는 상대를 말하는데, 보내진 기호는 보내는 측의 감정이나 표현되지 않는 뜻도 포함되어 있으므로 수신자는 그것도 포함시켜서 해독해야 한다. (4) 부부간의 커뮤니케이션과 관련되는 변인으로는 연령, 교육수준, 결혼지속연수, 자녀수, 수입 등이 있으며 , 이들 변인에 따른 부부간의 커뮤니케이션에 관한 결과들은 서로 상반된 견해를 나타내었다. 부부간의 커뮤니케이션의 정도를 높이기 위해서는 대중 매체를 통하여 조직적이고 의식적인 방법과 간접적인 방법으로 모든 성인 남·녀에게 커뮤니케이션 교육을 실시하여 행복한 부부관계 유지를 위한 부부 커뮤니케이션의 중요성에 대한 인식을 높여 주도록 하여야 할 것이다. As the traditional society changes to the industrial society, marriage couples tend to handle familyproblems through communication on equal basis. The summary of the study on husband-wife com-munication are as follows ; 1. Communication includes mutual understanding, exchange of emotion, and empathy and can bedefined as a behavioral means for mutual understanding, exchange of information, and empathy. 2. Communication has two functions: the primary and the secondary function. The primary function,which is an integrated concept of family interaction, includes cohesion and adjustment. The secondaryfunction, which forms family life like the primary one does, includes family imagination, family thema,limitation, biology, and social matters. 3. Sources of communication are fransmitter, signal, circuit, and receiver. A transmitter refers toa person who delivers his/her intention, emotion and information to others by expressional methods(letter, language, jesture). Circuit refers to communication means such as sound ware, telephone, and electrical wave. Thereceiver refers to the caenterpart of the transmitter. Since signal includes emotial feelings and non-specifed meanings as well as specific message, the receiver should decipher the signal comprehensi-vely. Feedback refers to the process in which the transmitter checks how the receiver understandthe message. 4. The variables in husband-wife communication are age, level of chidren, duration of marriage, the number of children and income. The study shows that these variables leads to mutual understan-ding and mutual understand to accormodation and accormodation to adjustment in marriage. Moreo-ver, successful communication results in happiness, psychological stability, and higher goal achieve-ment for valuable life. Therefore, communication is an indispensible factor for harmonious marital relationships. Accor-dingly, if spouses recognize the importance of communication and try to communicate effectively,they could manage happier marriage life. To improve communication, it is required to increase understanding for importance of marital co-mmunication through communication and mess media.

미국학이란 무엇인가?

정연선 한국외국어대학교 북미연구소 2001 영미연구 Vol.7 No.-

American Studies in Korea is still inviting some definitional questions. General agreement made about American Studies in Korsa is: American Studies is a field of study dealing with anytopics about the US; it is interdisciplinary by nature; it exists as a form of program composed of several disciplines; and it is a sub-field of area studies, compelled to focus on the comparative study between Korea and the US. This essay is to verify whether these observations are correct by examining the history, theory, method and issues of the movement and, in the process, to define what we mean by 'American Studies.' First of all, American Studies is a movement to study American culture as a whole. Since its beginnings in the 1920s as an amalgam of history and literature to develop an integrated approach to the study of the national culture, American Studies took on more formal shape in the 1930s. In the post-WWII period, it has seen the golden age of its movement with the emergence of the myth-symbol concept of culture and gradually incorporated subculture studies, expanding later on to encompass such studies like issues on race, ethnicity, and gender. At the start of the 21st century, American Studies is more inclined toward comparative studies with a transnational, global perspective on American culture. Second, American Studies, in a strict sense, is not an academic discipline. To be a discipline, American Studies must have a given "subject-matter"(American civilization) and an authentic "form"(holistic method) to explain it. Yet, the holistic approach can be applied to explaining any civilization. This explains in part why American Studies does not attain the status of a discipline. Howerver, it is safe to say that American Studies as a field of study is a framework to systematize the American experience. And it is an interdisciplinary venture to synthesize different disciplines in a program. Finally, American Studies has been traditionally revolved around the debates between the search for unity and the search for diversity in its attempt to define national or cultural identity. In the center stage of the debates is the myth-symbol school, the single and most important theory of American Studies. This bipolar division in American Studies discourse has appeared in various dichotomous concepts--center vs boundary, holism vs pluralism, uniersalism vs multiculturalsim, or most recently nationalism vs postantionalism. In conclusion, American Studies in Korea, another topic for a lengthy essay, should be geared to the study of American culture from the comparative context with an aim to better understand America and its people.

Surgical Outcomes of Adrenocortical Carcinoma; 20 Years of Experience in a Single Institution

Min Jhi Kim,Eun Jeong Ban,Soo Jung Jung,Hai Young Son1,Cho Rok Lee,Sang-Wook Kang,Jong Ju Jeong,Kee-Hyun Nam,Woong Youn Chung,Cheong Soo Park 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2014 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor. Early detection is difficult and prognosis is poor. We report on 20 years of ACC surgical experience at our institution. Methods: This study included 32 ACC patients who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery of the Yonsei University Health System in South Korea between January 1990 and February 2012. We reviewed these 32 patients and retrospectively analyzed long-term clinical outcomes and prognosis after radical surgery for ACC. Results: The median age of the 32 patients at diagnosis was 42.25 years (range 3∼81 years). There were 16 (50%) female and 16 (50%) male patients. Mean tumor size was 12.36 cm (range 1.8∼20 cm). Twenty-five patients (78.12%) had nonfunctioning tumors while the other seven patients (21.87%) had functioning tumors. Seventeen patients (53.12%) were classified as stage II, two (6.25%) as stage III, and 13 (40.62%) as stage IV. Fourteen patients underwent radical surgical resection, while 14 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, two received adjuvant radiotherapy, and two received adjuvant chemoradiation. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Among the remaining 28 patients, 15 patients survived. The 5- and 10-year overall survival was 60.6% and 37.8%, respectively (median survival=85±24.3 months). Seventeen patients (53%) experienced disease recurrence. Five- and 10-year recurrence-free survival was 41.5% and 29.7%, respectively (median survival=18±5.5 months). Conclusion: Early stage at diagnosis and surgical resection were the most important prognostic factors associated with prolonged survival. The role of additional therapy remains controversial and new agents should continually be evaluated for efficacy.

The Crusade in Suspension : The American Literary Experience of the Korean War

Chung, Youn Son 한국아메리카학회 1990 美國學論集 Vol.22 No.-

The Concept of Fear : Psychoanalysis and The Red Badge of Courage

( Youn Son Chung ) 한국영어영문학회 1987 영어 영문학 Vol.33 No.1

Mechanism of Oxidative Genotoxicity of 2,4,6- Trichlorophenol

( Youn Son Chung,Kazuhiro ICHIKAWA,Hideo UTSUMI ) 한국물환경학회 1997 제6차 국제수질보전학회 아시아 태평양지역 학술회의 Vol.2 No.-

This Kind of War : American Literary Responses to the Korean and Vietnam Wars

Chung, Youn Son 한국아메리카학회 1997 美國學論集 Vol.29 No.2

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Development of a magnetic hybrid filter to reduce PM10 in a subway platform

Son, Youn-Suk,Oh, Yong-Hwan,Choi, In-Young,Dinh, Trieu-Vuong,Chung, Sang-Gwi,Lee, Jai-hyo,Park, Duckshin,Kim, Jo-Chun Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.368 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated the reduction of particulate matter (PM) in a subway platform using self-developed magnetic hybrid filters (magnet-magnet (MM) and magnet-cascade (MC) filter). The magnetic hybrid filter systems were installed and operated in Jegi-dong subway station (J station) platform. The removal efficiency of PM<SUB>10</SUB> (particular matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) was evaluated according to various influencing factors such as the combination of filters, linear velocity, and operating conditions of trains. As a result, the average removal efficiency of the MC filter (40.5%) was higher than that of the MM one (27.0%). The maximum PM<SUB>10</SUB> removal efficiencies by MM (34.1%) and MC (47.2%) filters were observed at 20 (linear velocity: 2.41 m/s) and 30 jog (8 m/s) dials, respectively. We additionally found that the removal efficiency of PM<SUB>10</SUB> using MM and MC filters suddenly decreased when the concentration of background PM<SUB>10</SUB> in the platform increased. Based on the results of this study, hybrid technology using two or more capture principles can remove PM more efficiently than technology using a single such principle.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Magnetic hybrid filters were developed to reduce PM10 in a subway system. </LI> <LI> Removal efficiencies of the MC filter were higher than that of the MM filter. </LI> <LI> The removal efficiency decreased when the concentration of PM10 was increased. </LI> <LI> Most of iron particulates can be removed using the MC filter system. </LI> </UL> </P>

Removal of Particulate Matter Emitted from a Subway Tunnel Using Magnetic Filters

Son, Youn-Suk,Dinh, Trieu-Vuong,Chung, Sang-Gwi,Lee, Jai-hyo,Kim, Jo-Chun American Chemical Society 2014 Environmental science & technology Vol.48 No.5

<P>We removed particulate matter (PM) emitted from a subway tunnel using magnetic filters. A magnetic filter system was installed on the top of a ventilation opening. Magnetic field density was increased by increasing the number of permanent magnet layers to determine PM removal characteristics. Moreover, the fan’s frequency was adjusted from 30 to 60 Hz to investigate the effect of wind velocity on PM removal efficiency. As a result, PM removal efficiency increased as the number of magnetic filters or fan frequency increased. We obtained maximum removal efficiency of PM<SUB>10</SUB> (52%), PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> (46%), and PM<SUB>1</SUB> (38%) at a 60 Hz fan frequency using double magnetic filters. We also found that the stability of the PM removal efficiency by the double filter (RSD, 3.2–5.8%) was higher than that by a single filter (10.9–24.5%) at all fan operating conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2014/esthag.2014.48.issue-5/es404502x/production/images/medium/es-2013-04502x_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es404502x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>