대학생 흡연자의 금연경험에 따른 건강신념차이

구정일,김민정,김동희,백정희,안현실,은가희,우혜령,이명희,이수현,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

It has been generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor increasing disease and mortality in human health since in 1950's and nowadays. But regardless of various proofs about social or economical problems due to smoking, current smoking rate has not been decreased in our country. Until now, most of tobacco use and its addiction researches have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers not on the university students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation of university smokers and analyze the health belief-perceived sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers- difference, then to provide basic data for effective smoking cessation strategy for university smokers. The subjects were comprised of 181 university smokers from 15 universities in Seoul. The data were collected by structured questionaires. The questionaires were designed to measure general characteristics, smoking cessation and health belief, based on Ahn(2003)'s result on the Study of Smoking attitude, Behavior and Smoking Cessation of Adult Male and Lee(1987)'s result on Relationships Between the Health Belief Model and Smoking Habits. The data were collected from May 5 to 16. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The actual number, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were done. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The general characteristics of the subjects of this study The range of age was from 18 to 34 and the averaging age was 23. The subjects of this study were 141 males and 40 females. The religions were Christianity 25.4%(46), Buddhism 12.7%(23), Catholic 23.2%(42), no religion 37.0%(67). The residential forms were living with family 59.1%(107), cooking food for oneself 28.7%(52), dormitory 5.0%(9), boarding house 1.7%(3). Smoking starting age were university 43.1 %(78), high school 29.8%(54), middle school 14.9%(27), in the army 6.1 %(11), elementary school 1.1 %(2). 2. The smoking cessation of the subjects 80% of current smokers showed quitting smoking decision and 20% have not tried. The frequency of quitting smoking decision were from 1 to above 8 and mean was 3.06. As for smoking cessation plan, 54.7%(99) current smokers answered yes, 3.9%(7) said no, 35.4%(64) had no idea and 6.1 %(11) didn't answer. As for the reason of never quitting smoking decision, 71.42%(25 among total 35) have no need to quit smoking and the others said difficulty of smoking cessation. As for the main reason of smoking cessation decision, 54.7%(99) answered for the health, 7.2%(13) family advice, 15.5%(28) girl/boy friend's advice, 1.7%(3) to save money. As for the reason to fail smoking cessation, 56.7%(68) were will-lack, 17.5%(21) stress, 15%(18) smoking mood, 10%(12) withdrawl symptom. As for the smoking cessation method, 85.0%(125) were oneself-will, 2.7%(4) way acquired by mass-media, 2%(3) doctor's prescription, 2%(3) religion's help, 0.7%(1) smoking cessation school. As for the difficulty in smoking cessation, 42.2%(62) were drinking meeting, 23.1 %(34) no alternative of stress release, 12.2%(18) withdrawl symptom, 11.6%(17) having nothing to do, 7.5%(11) friend's encouragement. As for the most difficult cigarette to quit, 67.8%(99) were all-day smoking except the first smoking in the morning, 32.2%(47) the first smoking in the morning. 3. Health belief as for general characteristics Gender - The total point in benefits showed higher in male(28.5177) than female(26.6750). There was significant difference(t=.778, p<.05). The total point in health belief showed higher in male (105.8298) than female(l00.5000). So there was significant difference(t=.345, p<.05). Age - There was significant difference in benefits between age(10's-25.83, 20's-28.39, 30's-32.00)(F=3.73, p<.05). Smoking starting age - There was significant difference in total point of sensitivity and health belief(sensitivity F=4.00, p<.Ol, health belief F=2.843, p<.05). As for sensitivity, subjects who started smoking in the army showed the highest(33.36) and ones in high school showed the lowest(26.96). The total point in health belief showed the highest in elementary school(l19.00) and the lowest in high school(100.98). 4. Health belief as for smoking cessation There was significant difference in health belief as for smoking cessation(t=0.189, p=0.OO2). Sensitivity point showed higher in smoking quitting trial smokers(29.2) than non-trial smoker (26.9). Severity point showed higher in trial smokers (30.7) than non-trial smokers(28.9). Benefit point showed higher in trial smokers(28.6) than non-trial smokers(26.2). There was no significant difference in barriers point.

양측 쇄골하동맥 및 양측 신동맥 협착을 동반한 Takayasu 동맥염 1예

임선호,임수빈,오석규,이재홍,정진원,박양규,박옥규,소병준,노병석 대한순환기학회 1997 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.27 No.8

중첩현상과 제약상충

안수영,서정민 東新大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This paper investigates the application styles in reduplication within the framework of Correspondence Theory(McCarthy & Prince, 1995a); normal application, overapplication, underapplication, and the emergence of the unmarked. In this paper, we argue that the application styles are results from the conflict of faithfulness constraints and well-formedness constraints. To explain reduplication, Generative Phonology(Chomsky & Halle, 1968) has assumed a mapping from underlying to surface forms. This idea of the grammar allows us to determine a single form from which it is possible to derive all shapes. In Correspondence Theory, which is based on Optimality Theory(McCarthy & Prince, 1993), however, the input-output mapping is determined by the interaction of faithfulness constraints and well-formedness constraints. This paper is organized as follows: In Section 1, we provide an introductory remark about this paper. In Section 2, we introduce Correspondence Theory(McCarthy & Prince, 1995a), and then argue that the application styles are results from the conflict of faithfulness constraints and well-formedness constraints. Section 3 is a concluding summary of this paper.

재조합 BMP-7 유전자가 전달된 HEK 293 세포에 의한 누드 마우스에서의 뼈형성

정수연,장원태,장연실,안면환,김재룡,송인환 영남대학교 의과대학 2003 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.20 No.2

To induce bone formation at ectopic site by tissue engineering and gene therapy, we transplanted collagen sponges containing rhBMP-7 transduced HEK 293 cells in the hypodermis of nude mice. Bone formation was investigated by histological and electron microscopic method at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplantation. At 9 weeks after transplantation, eosinophilic bony tissue was observed in the implanted collagen sponge and was confirmed as bone tissue by Von Kossa stain. In the transmission electron microscopic observation, the cells in newly formed bone tissue had eccentrically located nucleus and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). Therefore, the cells were evaluated as osteoblasts. Those results suggest that it is possible to form a bone tissue in the ectopic site by transplantation of rhBMP-7 transduced HEK 293 cells. This will be contributed to push more advanced gene therapy for bone formation. However, the HEK 293 cell is unable to apply to the clinical gene therapy. Therefore it is worth to find more compatible cells for clinical application. In addition, collagen sponge is considered as an excellent scaffold and/or carrier for gene therapy and a good biomaterial for tissue engineering.

양극성 장애에서 표피성장인자의 유전적 다형성에 대한 연합연구

김수경,이규영,주은정,강웅구,안용민,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a neurotrophic factor which regulates the intracellular signaling molecules. These molecules are also affected by mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproate. In addition, epidermal growth factor enhances neuronal survival, maturation and differentiation especially in midbrain dopaminergic neurons of which dysfimction may play a role in pathophysiology of bipolar disorders. Bipolar disorder has some genetic commonalities with schizophrenia, and several association studies of EGF have been done with schizophrenia. In this study, we tried to investigate the geneticassociation between EGF A61G polymorphism and bipolar disorder. Methods : Total of 189 patients and 347 nonnal control were included. All patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV for bipolar disorder type I (BPDI, N= 146) and bipolar disorder type II (BPDII, N=43). Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed by TaqMan™ method. Genotype and allele frequency of EGF A61G polymorphism between the patients and the control were compared by contingency chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. Results : No association was found between EGF A61G polymorphism and susceptibility of BPDI, BPDII and bipolar disorder (all patients). Female patients with BPDII showed overexpression of AG genotype compared to that ofcontrol group (p=0.03). However, this association was not significant after correction of multiple testing. Conclusion : In conclusion, EGF A61G polymorphism has no association with susceptibility of bipolar disorder. However, the disease modifying role of EGF gene polymorphism for bipolar disorder remains to be elucidated in respect to factors such as gender difference or diagnostic subtype.

人間主義的 學習理論의 適用과 評價에 關한 一考察(Ⅱ)

朴井秀,安福禮 대구교육대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

1. Suggestions for applying the humanistic view in the classroom 1) Try to remain aware of the extent to which you direct and control learning. Whenever possible, permit and encourage students to make choices and to manage their own learning. 2) Establish a warm, positive, acceptant atmosphere. Do your best to communicate the felling that you believe every student in the class can learn and that you want them to learn. 3) when it seems appropriate, function as a facilitator, encourager, helper, and assister. Before attempting to function as a collegeue or friend, think about possible complications. 4) It you feel comfortable doing it, occasionally show that you are a "real person" by telling students how you feel. When you express anger, however, comment on the situation, not on the personality traits of your students. 5) It you do not have trong positive feeling about yourself and how you-function as a teacher, consider participating in individual or group counseling sessions, and also work at improving your skills as an instructor. 6) Do your best to help your students develop positive feelings about themselves. Empathize with them, and show you are sensitive to their feelings. 7) It appropriate, schedule occasional periods during which students are encouraged to examine their emotions. 8) If appropriate, schedule occasional period during which students are encouraged to become more sensitive to the feelings of others. 9) If appropriate, schedule occasionally periods when students are encouraged to express themselves through movement, physical contact, and creative dramatics. 10) If appropriate, ask students to participate in role playing, psychodrama, or simulation games. 11) Make systematic use of values clarification strategies. (a) Call attention to the process of values development. (b) Select and use strategies that cover all seven steps in the process of values acquisition and call attention to ways an exercise illustrates one or more aspects of the sequence. (c) Use long-term strategies in class, and urge students to continue to use them on their own. (d) Look for ways to introduce values clarification strategies into lesson plants. 12) Use the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Affective Domain to identify specific goals of humanistic education. 13) Do your best to provide learning experiences that will lead to the development of the habits and attitudes you want to foster. 14) Make use of object lesson. When illustrative incidents occur in the course of events, take advantage of them. 15) Set a good example. 16) Be aware id your students' level of moral development, and encourage understanding of subtle aspects of morality by presenting "moral dilemmas", 2. Criticisms of humanistic education 1) Humanistic view based on vague propositions. 2) Achievements of Summerhill students unimpressive. 3) Summerhill graduates not atypically creative. 4) Graduates wanted own children to attend Summerhill only briefly. 5) Some humanistic educators affect holier-than-thou attitude. 6) Values clarification may not have a significant impact. 7) Humanists offer testimonials, not evidence, to justify lavish claims. 8) Some humanistic technique resemble compulsory psychotherapy conducted by "amateurs", 9) Impossible to maintain close personal relationships with pupils.

행복이란 무엇인가? 행복에 관한 연구 개관

이수정,안신호 심리과학연구소 2005 심리과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Studies on happiness in psychology were reviewed. Studies on happiness have two philosophical traditions, the Hedonism and the Eudaimonism. The concepts of "Subjective Well-being"(Diener, 1984) and "Quality of Life" are based on the Hedonism; the concepts of "Psychological Well-being"(Ryff, 1989b) and the "Flow experience" are based on the Eudaimonism. The relationship between SW13 and extroversion was well established. Various Quality of Life measures were found to be useful for the various target populations (the elderly, for example). Researches based on the Eudaiomonism were not so much developed and seems to be needed for the future study. 심리학에서 ‘행복’이라는 주제 아래 수행되었던 연구들을 개관하였다. 행복에 관한 지금까지의 연구들은 크게 쾌락주의(Hedonism)와 행복주의(Eudaimonism)의 철학 전통을 따르는 것으로 구분할 수 있다. 쾌락주의 전통을 따른 것으로는 주관적 안녕감(Diener,1984)과 삶의 질에 관한 연구들을 들 수 있다. 정적, 부적 감정의 체험 및 만족감, 즉 행복의 현상적 요소를 측정하는 주관적 안녕감은 외향성과 밀접한 관련성이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 특정 집단(예:노인)을 대상으로 한 삶의 질에 관한 연구들의 그 나름의 유용성이 입증되었다. 진정한 자기의 구현과 덕을 강조하는 행복주의의 전통을 따르는 것으로는 Ryff(1989b)의 심리적 안녕감과 ‘몰입경험’에 관한 연구를 들 수 있는데 상대적으로 연구가 적으며 후속 연구가 필요한 영역으로 지적되었다.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

急速凝固한 高純度 Fe―C―Si合金중의 Carbide共晶의 過冷却凝固 시뮬레이션

김영직,서수정,안현모 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1991 論文集 Vol.42 No.1

This paper decribes a study of the solidification simulation with supercooling of levitation melted and rapidly solidified high purity Fe--C-Si alloys with emphasis on carbide eutectic. Newly designed growth model of carbide eutectic is proposed. From the simulation model, calculated cooling curves are derived by means of a personal computer, and compared with experimental data. The results calculated are influenced remarkably by coefficient of heat tranfer(h), latent heat of solidification(L), growth rate constant(n) and range of temperature of mushy zone. After suitable choice of h, L, n and especially temperature range of mushy zone as 100K, experimental cooling curves are duplicated by calculated. As the cooling rate exceed about l0^3K/s, graphite crystal is not formed in the high purity Fe -C-Si melts.

분만 후 심한 저혈당이 동반된 림프구성 뇌하수체염 1예의 경과 관찰

손장명,고승현,안유배,주강,이정록,양성은,송기호,손호영,전정수 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

저자들은 출산 후 발생한 심한 저혈당을 주소로 내원한 31세 여자 환자에서 뇌 자기공명영상검사에서 뇌하수체종괴가 관찰되고 복합 뇌하수체 기능검사 결과전반적인 뇌하수체 기능저하증의 소견을 보여 림프구성 뇌하수체염을 진단하고, 호르몬 보충요법만으로 경과를 관찰하여 호전된 예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Lymphocytic hypophysitis, an inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that is often associated with pregnancy, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pituitary gland evidenced by diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration of the pituitary gland and some kinds of detectable autoantibodies. We report a case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in a 31-year-old woman presenting with severe hypoglycemia and hyponatremia after delivery. Hormonal study revealed panhypopituitarism and magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement showed the bulging contour of the right side pituitary gland with an ill-defined mass-like lesion and nodular thickening of the stalk The patient's symptoms and biochemical data improved greatly with replacement of L-thyroxine and glucocorticoid. Partial recovery of panhypopituitarism was also seen. The follow-up tests revealed dramatic resolution of the pituitary lesion (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 1 8 : 3 25 -33 1, 2003).