한강둔치에서 재배된 농작물 중의 미중금속 함량에 관한 연구

김연천,전옥경,양혜란,최영희,한선희,이강문,Kim, Youn-Choen,Chun, Ock-Kyoung,Yang, Hae-Ran,Choi, Young-Hee,Han, Sun-Hee,Lee, Kang-Moon 한국식품위생안전성학회 2000 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.15 No.3

한강 고수부지 및 지천인 안양천, 탄천, 중랑천변의 경작지에서 채집된 36종 285건의 농작물에 대한 Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu. Hg의 농도를 측정하고 그 결과를 채집 시기, 채집 지역 및 작물별로 비교, 분석한 결과, 작물 중의 중금속 함량은 평균치를 기준으로 볼 때 Fe(34.592 ppm)>Mn(11.071 ppm)>Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm) 순으로 곡류 및 두류에서는 Zn의 함량이 Mn보다 높고, 채소류와 과실류에서는 Mn의 함량이 Zn보다 높은 양상을 나타냈다. 또한 각 지역에서 채취한 작물의 미량금속 함량의 경우 Fe은 0.004∼203.083 ppm, Cu은 0.017∼22.727 ppm. Mn은 0.000∼74.373 ppm. Zn은 0.080∼37.166 ppm으로 비교적 고농도로 존재하고 있는 반면 유해중금속류인 Pb은 0.000∼0.654 ppm, Cd은 0.000∼0.270 ppm, Cr은 0.000∼l.229 ppm, Hg은 0.000∼0.037 ppm으로 비교적 미량으로 존재함을 알수 있었다. 대상 농작물을 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 열매로 분류하여 미량금속 함량을 분석한 결과, 분석 대상 금속의 농도가 잎>줄기>뿌리>열매의 순으로 나타났다. 무등의 뿌리 작물에 있어서 Pb은 잎(0.055 ppm))뿌리(0.035 ppm), Cr은 잎(0.118 ppm))뿌리(0.031 ppm), Cd은 잎(0.004 ppm)1뿌리(0.001 ppm), Hg은 잎(0.004 ppm))뿌리(0.001 ppm)으로 뿌리보다 잎에 많은 것으로 나타났는데 이러한 결과로 보아 뿌리는 금속 이온이 흡수되는 기관일 뿐 축적은 잎에 비해 상대적으로 적게 됨을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to determine the content of trace metals in crops cultivated in Han-riverside, Anyang stream, Tan stream, and Jungryang stream. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Hg) were detected in 36 crops, 285 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Mercury Analyzer. The average concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of Fe (34.592 ppm)>Mn (11.071 ppm)$\geq$Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm). In crop samples, the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which ranges were 0.004-203.083 ppm, 0.017~22.727 ppm, 0.000~74.373 ppm, 0.080~37.166 ppm, respectively, were relatively higher than those of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg, which ranges were 0.000~0.654 ppm, 0.000~0.270 ppm, 0.000~l.229 ppm, 0.000~0.037 ppm, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of leafy vegetables > stem vegetables > root vegetables > fruity vegetables. In the root vegetables, such as radish, the content of Pb was leaf(0.055 ppm)>root(0.035 ppm), that of Cr, leaf (0.118 ppm)>root(0.031 ppm), that of Cd, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm), that of Hg, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm). As the results, it could be thought that root is the organ which doesn't accumulate the heavy metal ions, but absorb them.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Lipopolysaccharide, Dexamethasone, 및 N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester가 흰쥐 간 조직의 프리라디칼 발생과 제거에 미치는 영향

한기정,김석배,김양균,윤혜영,백광진,이희성,권년수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2003 中央醫大誌 Vol.28 No.1

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates various immune and inflammatory reactions to induces the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). ROI and RNI are free radicals with very high reactivity, oxidize cellular constituents including proteins and lipid membranes, and thus play important roles in the pathogenesis of tissue damages in LPS-induced septic shock. The present study examined effects of dexamethasone (DexM), and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the generation of ROI and RNI, and on the activities of enzymes removing ROI in the liver of rat model of septic shock. DexM has widely been used as an immunosuppressant. L-NAME has known to block synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the main RNI, by inhibiting NO synthase (NOS). LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) markedly enhanced NO generation in serum and liver. The increased NO generation was completely blocked by pretreatment with DexM (10 mg/kg) and effectively inhibited by L-NAME (10 mg/kg). Induction of NOS protein expression by LPS was demonstrated by a Western analysis. The NOS expression was completely blocked by DexM pre-treatment, and markedly inhibited by L-NAME. However, the generation of superoxide radical, an important ROI, was not enhance in rat liver by LPS, rather it was decreased a little. Superoxide radical production was increased by L-NAME treatment or combined treatment of DexM and LPS. The level of lipid peroxidation, an index for free radical-induced cell damage, was increased by either LPS or DexM. The enhancement of lipid peroxidation by DexM was abolished by adding LPS. DexM markedly enhanced the activities of ROI removing enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. However, rats were treated with LPS in addition to DexM, the elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were abolished. These results provide information on the generation and removal of ROI and RNI by LPS, DexM and L-NAME in rat liver, and on development of drugs to inhibit free radical-induced liver damage in sepsis.

서울과 청주에 거주하는 대학생들의 식생활 형성요인 비교연구

한양일,김선희,설민영 西原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.-

This paper aims to study and analyze the dominant factors of college students' dietary life. College students resident in Seoul and Chongju(1169 students : 534 students resident in Seoul and 595 students in Chongju) are subject to this research. The several results are as follow ; 1. Most of students resident in Seoul and in Chongju have many dietary problems : food quantity and interval of meal time is not regular and disharmonized. 2. Students regident in Seoul are better in nutrition condition but are worse in nutrition substantiality than the other because the former have the irregular dietary havits. Both of them are generally inclined to take the instant foods ; the frequency of taking those foods is increasing in number. 3. In general, women students have the better dietary habits than men students. There appears many problems of their physical condition : the problems of anemia and fatigue is supposed to cause by the irregular balance of their dietary habits.

측뇌실내 수막종 : 임상분석 및 수술접근법 Clinical Analysis and Surgical Approach

양희진,김동규,정희원,이현구,김현집,조병규,최길수,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.10

The authors present six cases of lateral ventricle meningiomas treated at Seoul National University Hospital between 1979 and 1991. These six cases of lateral ventricular meningiomas constitute 1.8 percent of all intracranial meningiomas and 16.7 percent of mass lesions of the lateral ventricle. The mean age was 29 years ranging from 11 to 50 years, younger than that or intracranial meningiomas with a statistical significance(p<0.01). Four of the patients were women and two were men. All cases were located in the trigonal area. The most common clinical symptoms and signs were related to increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea and vomiting. Based on the clinical presentation and radiological features(CT. MRI and angiography), correct preoperative diagnosis was possible in five cases. Gross total removal of the tumor was achieved in all cases. There was no operative mortality. A temporal gyrus approach was used in five cases with good surgical results. The benefits and drawbacks of each surgical approach for meningiomas of the lateral ventricle is discussed with review of pertinent literatures.

忠州地域 歲時飮食에 관한 硏究

한양일,설민영,김선희 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1992 응용과학연구 Vol.1 No.1

A Study was done to study and compare with Dongkooksesiki(東國歲時記), Youlyangsesiki(洌陽歲時記), Kyoungdojabji(京都雜志), and a study of the gala foods in the other area. Those annual custom which are celebrating in Choongju area are Seolnal(New Year's Day) (100%), Chuseok(Harvest Moon Day) (97.0%), Daeboreum(the 15th of January) (93.6%), Dongji(the winter solstice) (60.7%), and Sambok(the period of summer heat) (46.5%) in the other of higher percentages. No subjects for this survey are keeping on celebrating Yudu(the 15th of June) and Nabpyoung. Foods of annual custom on Chuseok, Daeboreum and Seolnal had a greater variety, compared with those enjoyed on other annual custom. Foods of annual custom such as Ddugguk, Mandoo on Seolnal. Ogokbab, Mugeunnamul, and Buryum on Daeboreum, Songpyun on Chuseok, Patjuk on Dongji were being enjoyed by most people. But the other foods of annual custom are enjoyed in a lower percentage or almost forgotten.

프로스타글란딘 E₁에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계

양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

External lyogels containing prostaglandin E₁ethyl ester(PGE₁-EE), a produrg of prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁) as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of PGE₁-EE were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of PGE₁ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of PGE₁-EE lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogles containing 0.01% of PGE₁-EE showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of PGE₁(1%) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life (t_(10%) of lyogel at refrigerated condition (4℃) was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, PGE₁-EE was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of PGE₁.

주의력결핍/과다활동장애(ADHD)아동에서 사회기술훈련

한은선,안동현,이양희 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 주의력결핍/과다활동장애(ADHD) 아동들은 또래관계를 영위하는데 필요한 것을 포함한 다양한 사회기술에 결함을 보인다. 이들의 치료에 약물치료를 포함한 부모훈련, 교육적 접근 등이 필요하지만 이와 함께 이들에 대한 사회기술훈련이 시도되고 있다. 이들에게서 사회기술훈련을 적용하여 그 효과를 검증해보고자 한다. 방법 : ADHD로 진단 받은 초등학교 아동 5명과 그들의 부모 5명을 대상으로 Pfiffner와 McBurnett이 제안한 프로그램을 중심으로 총 8회기의 프로그램을 수행하고, 사회기술, 문제행동, 또래의 사회적 수용도, 양육태도 및 양육스트레스, 프로그램 만족도를 비교해 보았다. 결과 : 교사와 부모가 평가한 내용이 다소 달랐는데, 교사는 사회기술과 또래의 사회적 수용도에서, 부모는 문제행동의 감소에서 유의미한 호전을 보고하였다. 부모들은 양육태도에서는 별 변화가 없었지만 양육스트레스에서는 현저한 감소를 보고하였으며, 프로그램 만족도는 상당히 높았다. 결론 : ADHD 아동에서 사회기술훈련은 최근에, 주로 보조적이거나 매우 제한적으로 시행되고 있다. 하지만 상당히 많은 아동들이 사회기술의 결함을 호소하고 있기 때문에 이들이 통합적 접근에서 이들의 치료 프로그램에 포함되어 시행하는 것이 바람직하겠다. 중심단어 : 주의력결핍/과다활동장애ㆍ사회기술훈련ㆍ일반화. Objectives : The children with ADHD have some deficits in social skills including the peer relationship. There are several approaches to teaching social skills to children with ADHD, and many are combined in comprehensive programs to maximize treatment effects. We conducted this study to explore the direct effects of social skills training program applied to children with ADHD. Method : Five children and their mothers who were diagnosed to Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Y elementary school survey participated to the study. We performed the 8- session program with the modified the Pfiffner and McBurnett's program(1997), and assessed the social skills, problem behaviors, peer acceptance, parenting behaviors, and parenting stress. Results : Parent's reports were some different from teacher's reports ; teacher reported improvement in social skills and peer acceptance, but parent notified decrement in problem behaviors. And also, there were no changes in maternal behaviors, but significant reducing effects in parenting stress. Conclusion : The stimulants are mainstream in treatment of children with ADHD. The social skills training programs are combined in comprehensive treatment programs in children with ADHD to maximize treatment effects. KEY WORDS : ADHD ㆍ Social skill training ㆍ Generalization.

아조벤젠 분자(Disperse Red 1)를 포함한 측쇄형 고분자에서 광유도 복굴절의 실시간적 조사

신희득,주원제,오차환,송석호,김필수,한양규 한양대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

아조벤젠 그룹을 포함한 측쇄형 고분자 필름(PDR1)에서 광 유도된 이방성을 실시간적으로 조사하였다. 수평, 수직한 흡수율의 변화를 광 유도된 복굴절의 기록, 감쇠, 소거, 완화 과정에 따라 측정하여, 매질 내의 아조벤젠 분자의 정렬상태와 복굴절과의 관계를 광 이성화과정으로 설명하였다. 또한 기록빔의 세기를 따른 수직, 수평한 흡수율의 변화와 유도된 복굴절의 관계를 조사하였다. The photo-induced anisotropy for a polymeric film(PDR1) containing azobenzene group as side-chain was investigated dynamically. The change of absrobances with parallel and perpendicular components was measured in recording, decaying, erasing and relaxation processes of photo-induced birefringence, so the relation between the alignment of azobenzene groups and the birefringence was well explained according to the photo-isomerization. Also, the dependence of the photo-induced birefringence on intensity of recording beam was investigated with changes of both absorbance and birefringence.

와전류검사에 의해 검출된 증기발생기 전열관의 균열 특성

조찬희,남민우,김영호,양승한,이희종 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The flaws detected at the steam generator tube of the Nuclear Power Plant are the wear indications by anti-vibration bars and circumferential cracks at the top of the tubesheet. It is easy to detect and size wear indications. Also the wear indications are commonly found at the steam generator tubes. However, the steam generator tube which includes crack indication is plugged because it is very difficult to predict the growth rate and the sizing error is high. The motorized rotating pancake coil has been used for the detection of circumferential crack since it is not possible to detect using the conventional bobbin probe. This paper describes the characteristics for the circumferential crack at the steam generator tubes of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants.