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이희종,윤인하 한양법학회 2018 漢陽法學 Vol.29 No.4
Social enterprises can contribute to the society by diverse means, such as creating jobs, providing social services and improving environment. Of course, social enterprises cannot solve all the problems that may occur in a modern capitalistic society. However, social enterprises can supplement the weaknesses of modern capitalism, which may arise in the public and social areas such as welfare and environment. They in particular have business models that can benefit the socially vulnerable. Therefore, development of social enterprises can provide great opportunities in order for our society to achieve further advancement. However, most of Korean social enterprises are still in the level of small business. That’s why social enterprises rely heavily on government’s financial supports. Although we do not deny the need for governmental supports for social enterprises, excessive reliance on them would not help to raise the self-sufficiency of Korean social enterprises. Also, current financial plans for social enterprises cannot make sufficient effects because they support for too short periods. Increasing the duration of supporting for labor costs of social enterprises will result in supporting in the most needed time periods. In addition, current financial aid plans concentrate on supporting for only labor costs to employ the socially vulnerable. This may be a constraint on the recruitment of the labor force required by the social enterprises. Considering the characteristics of the industries related with social enterprises, it is necessary to apply differentiation to the social enterprises. In the long run, supports for social enterprises should be done by the private sector rather than by the central or local governments. To this end, a social stock exchange is needed to facilitate the financing of social enterprises. It would be easier to use the KONEX market for SMEs. It should be noted, however, that it is necessary to make sure that investors are aware of the risks and that investors should be limited only to social investors excluding ordinary investors, since investing in social enterprises is totally different from investing in stocks of ordinary corporations. Finally, it is naturally necessary for the government to reduce supports for those social enterprises that can raise funds through social stock exchanges. On the other hand, social enterprises which are not corporations legally can not use social stock exchanges. Hence, it can raise the efficiency if the government concentrates more on these social enterprises, which are not legal corporations, in terms of financial aids.
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Effects of Long-Term Cryopreservation on Fat Grafts: An Experimental Study
이희종,김은기 대한미용성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.2
Background Although microfat grafting is now used to augment soft tissue, resorption of some amount of fat is inevitable. There are no consistent guidelines for the duration of fat storage. This study evaluated absolute fat mass and pathological changes according to storage duration. Methods Nude mice were injected with fresh fat or fat that had been stored for 3 weeks, 5 months, 9 months, 15 months, or 22 months. After 15 weeks, fat graft weight and pathology (viable cells, structural integrity, microvessel formation, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, and cellular infiltration) were assessed. Results After 15 weeks, the average weight of the remaining fat was 486 mg in the control group and 298, 160, 180, 106, 88, and 80 mg in the 3-week and 5-, 9-, 15-, 22-, and 36-month storage groups, respectively. The average weight of fat tissue significantly decreased to less than 20% in the 5-month group. Also, there was a significant decrease in structural integrity and an increase in cystic degeneration in the 5-month group. Tissue vascularization tended to decrease according to the duration of cryopreservation. Conclusions The mean weight of the fat grafts preserved in a general freezer was reduced by 61.3% compared with that of the fresh fat group, which was not statistically significant. The mean fat graft weight was, however, significantly reduced following storage in a general freezer for longer than 5 months. In addition, there were decreases in viable adipocytes and increases in fibrocystic degeneration and inflammatory changes when long-term preserved fat was grafted.
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이희종,김교상,Jae Chul Shim,Dong Guk Cha,정지선 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.7 No.3
Background: We studied the hemodynamic changes associated with steep Trendelenburg position and prolonged pneumoperitoneum during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in elderly patients with cardiac diseases. Methods: Hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline supine position, at 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during CO2 insufflation in post-Trendelenburg position, and after deflation in the supine position. Results: In comparison with normal subjects, the cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index of patients with cardiac diseases were significantly affected by the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum (P < 0.001). However, other variables of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure were not differed between the groups. Conclusions: We conclude that attention should be paid to maintain adequate hemodynamic status during prolonged pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, and which is unfeasible in patients with severe heart failure and unstable angina.
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이희종,정미애,정지선,한민규,전종헌 대한중환자의학회 2011 Acute and Critical Care Vol.26 No.3
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication following the transfusion of blood products. TRALI is under-diagnosed and under-reported because of a lack of awareness. TRALI occurs within 6 hours of transfusion in the majority of cases and its presentation is similar to other forms of acute lung injury. We report on the case of a 34-year-old pregnant woman who suffered from TRALI after transfusion during Cesarean section.
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Indium Interruption Growth법으로 성장한 InAs 양자점의 광학적 특성
이희종,류미이,김진수,Lee, Hi-Jong,Ryu, Mee-Yi,Kim, Jin-Soo 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.6
분자선 에피택시 (molecular beam epitaxy: MBE)를 이용하여 GaAs (100) 기판에 Indium interruption growth법으로 성장한 InAs 양자점 (quantum dots: QDs)의 광학적 특성을 photoluminescence (PL)와 time-resolved PL (TRPL) 실험을 이용하여 분석하였다. In interruption growth법은 InAs 양자점 성장 동안 As 공급은 계속 유지하면서 셔터 (shutter)를 이용해 서 In 공급을 조절하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 In을 1초 동안 공급하고 셔터를 0초, 9초, 19초, 29초, 또는 39초 동안 닫아 In 공급을 차단하였으며, 공급과 차단 과정을 각 30회 반복하여 양자점을 성장하였다. In interruption 시간을 0초에서 19초까지 증가하였을 때 PL 피크는 1096 nm에서 1198 nm로 적색편이 (~100 nm)하고 PL 세기는 증가하였으나, 19초에서 39초까지 증가하였을 때 PL 스펙트럼의 변화는 없고 PL 세기는 감소하였다. 모든 양자점의 PL 소멸시간 (decay time)은 약 1 ns로 바닥상태 (ground state) PL 피크에서 가장 길게 나타났다. In interruption 시간이 19초인 시료가 가장 좋은 PL 특성과 가장 짧은 운반자 소멸시간을 나타내었다. PL 특성의 향상은 In interruption 시간동안 일정한 양의 In 원자들의 분리와 이동이 증가한 것으로 설명될 수 있다. 이러한 결과로부터 In interruption 법을 이용하여 InAs 양자점의 크기, 균일도, 조밀도 등을 조절하여 원하는 파장대의 양자점을 성장할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. We have investigated optical properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs (100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, by means of photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. InAs QDs were grown by using In interruption growth technique, in which the In flux was periodically interrupted by a closed In shutter during InAs QDs growth. The shutter of In source was opened for 1 s and then closed for 0, 9, 19, 29, or 39 s. This growth sequence was repeated 30 times during QDs growth. For each sample, the total amount of In contributing to the growth was the same (30 s) but total growth time was varied during the InAs growth. As the In interruption time is increased from 0 to 19 s, the PL peak position of the QDs is red-shifted from 1096 to 1198 nm, and the PL intensity is increased. However, the PL peak is unchanged and the intensity is decreased as the In interruption time is increased further to 39 s. The PL decay times measured at the PL peak position for all the InAs QDs are independent on the QD growth conditions and showed about 1 ns. The red-shift of PL peak and the increase of PL intensity can be explained due to increased QD size and the enhancement in the migration of In atoms using In interruption technique. These results indicated that the size and shape of InAs QDs can be controlled by using In interruption growth technique. Thus the emission wavelength of the InAs QDs on GaAs substrate can also be controlled.
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