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프로스타글란딘 E<sub>1</sub> 에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계
양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱,Yang, Sung-Woon,Lee, Jin-Kyo,Lee, Ji-Eun,Kim, Hee-Kyu,Park, Hye-Sook,Kim, Jong-Seok,Choi, Han-Gon,Yong, Chul-Soon,Choi, Young-Wook 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2
External lyogels containing prostaglandin $E_1$ ethyl ester $(PGE_1-EE)$, a prodrug of prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of $PGE_1-EE$ were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of $PGE_1$ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of $PGE_1-EE$ lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogels containing 0.1 % of $PGE_1-EE$ showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of $PGE_1$ (1 %) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life $(t_{10%})$ of lyogel at refrigerated condition $(4^{\circ}C)$ was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, $PGE_1-EE$ was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of $PGE_1$.
프로스타글란딘 E₁에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계
양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2
External lyogels containing prostaglandin E₁ethyl ester(PGE₁-EE), a produrg of prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁) as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of PGE₁-EE were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of PGE₁ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of PGE₁-EE lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogles containing 0.01% of PGE₁-EE showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of PGE₁(1%) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life (t_(10%) of lyogel at refrigerated condition (4℃) was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, PGE₁-EE was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of PGE₁.
엘론 머스크와 테슬라 모터스에 대한 사례연구 : 다이아몬드 모델을 통한 경쟁우위 분석을 중심으로
양성운,정진섭 한국경영컨설팅학회 2015 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.15 No.2
지구를 위협하는 다양한 문제점 중 지속가능한 에너지의 개발과 지구 온난화 문제는 특히 인류의 생존과 직결되어 있다. 따라서 국제사회에서도 교토의정서를 채택하는 등 온실가스의 배출 감소를 위해 노력하고 있다. 한편, 보다 적극적으로 지속가능한 에너지와 지구온난화 문제를 해결하고자 하는 시도가 엘론 머스크 등 전기자동차를 대중화시키려는 혁신가들에게서 나타나고 있다. 엘론 머스크가 창업한 ‘테슬라 모터스(Tesla Motors)'는 창업 10년만에 흑자를 기록하고, 미국 나스닥 시장에도 상장한 전기자동차 생산업체이다. 본 연구에서는 엘론 머스크를 중심으로 테슬라 모터스의 종합적 경쟁우위를 분석하고자 하며, 이를 위해 포터(1990)의 다이아몬드 모델을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 요소측면에서는 최고경영자의 역량, 기술력, IR 등을 통한 자금확보능력이 중요하였고, 수요측면에서는 전기차의 시장점유율이 성장하고 있으며, 최근 미국, 일본, 유럽 등 선진국 시장을 중심으로 미래 성장잠재력 또한 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 관련 및 지원분야 측면에서는 충전소 및 서비스 센터의 확대, 도요타 등 다른 선도 기업과의 전략적 제휴 등이 주요 경쟁우위 요소로 작용하였으며, 전략·구조·경쟁(경영환경) 측면에서는 제품개발전략, 경쟁기업들과의 경쟁으로 인한 기술력 증진 등이 핵심 요인으로 분석되었다. 정부측면에서는 ZEV법 등 규제와 정부지원 요소가 중요하게 작용하였다. 끝으로 결론 부문에서는, 테슬라 모터스의 사례가 사회적 가치와 기업의 경제적 가치를 동시에 추구하는 공유가치창출(CSV)의 한 예가 될 수 있다는 등 전략적 시사점도 도출하였다. Sustainable energy and global warming linked to the survival of mankind are one of the main issues that threaten the planet. To solve these problems, the international community has made effort to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases by adopting the Kyoto Protocol. Meanwhile, a number of innovators, like Elon Musk have attempted to resolve the issues of sustainable energy and global warming through the diffusion of electric cars. Tesla Motors founded by Elon Musk has been recorded as surplus within 10 years of its start-up as the publicly listed car manufacturer in Nasdaq Stock Market. This study analyzed the competitive advantages of Tesla Motors using Porter’s diamond model. The findings are as follows. First, the CEO’s capabilities, technical skills and ability to secure funds through IR (investor relations) were key elements in factors conditions. On the demand side, the current electric vehicles‘ market has showed the rapid growth, mainly in advanced countries, such as USA, Japan and Europe and has the highest growth potential. Second, the expansion of service centers and electricity charging points for vehicles, as well as strategic alliances with the leading companies, such as Toyota, were key determinants of competitiveness in terms of related and supporting industries. Third, product development strategy and the promotion of technical skills in intense inter-enterprise competition were the main factors influencing the competitive advantages in terms of firm strategy, structure and rivalry. Fourth, government regulation and support policy, including ZEV law, were important factors influencing the competitiveness in terms of government. Finally, the case of Tesla Motors provided some implications related to an example of a CSV (Creating Shared Value) that seeks both firm's economic value and social value.
경피용 프로드럭인 에칠 글리콜레이트의 국소자극 및 피부투과성
양성운(Sung Woon Yang),하용호(Yong Ho Ha),김종갑(Johng Kap Kim),최영욱(Young Wook Choi) 대한약학회 1996 약학회지 Vol.40 No.2
Hyperkeratinization is a dermatologic disorder, which is due to the increase of corneocyte cohesion force. Glycolic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid(AHA), has been used to breakdown the hyperkeratinization processes. However, it has a problem of skin irritation when applied topically, due to the strong acidity especially in high concentration. A molecular optimization of glycolic acid has been tried to reduce the skin irritation by the way of prodrug formation. Ethyl glycolate was synthesized by the esterification of glycolic acid with ethanol in acidic conditions in the presence of sulfuric acid, and examined under the spectroscopic trials, such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS. The physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the prodrug were also evaluated. Through the toxicological tests of both skin irritation and eye mucous irritation, it has been proved that ethyl glycolate was less irritant than glycolic acid, since the pH value of synthetic prodrug was higher than that of glycolic acid. In the penetration test through nude mouse skin by diffusion cell, ethyl glycolate was continuously hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, which was assayed form the receptor compartment. It was obtained that the penetrated amount of ethyl glycolate was five times higher than that of glycolic acid. These results suggest that ethyl glycolate might be a successful prodrug of glycolic acid to reduce the skin irritation and to increase the skin penetration as well.
이성기,양성운 한국축산식품학회 2002 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.22 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the quality of chukar partridge meat. Chukar partridges raised for 60 days were slaughtered and stored at 3℃ for 24 hr. Broiler chicken(800g±20g carcass weight) after 24 hr postmortem were used as control, which obtained from local slaughter house. The chukar partridge meat had lower fat and cholesterol contents than broiler chicken did. The color of chukar partridge meat showed redder and darker than that of broiler chicken owing to lower L^* and a^* value. According to sensory evaluation, the flavor of chukar partridge meat was significantly better than that of broiler chicken. In conclusion, chukar partridge meat can be a preferable muscle food as well as a health food for consumer. Further, the development of cooking method must be improved meat quality characteristics in chukar partridge because the thigh of chukar partridge has tough texture and dark color.