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      • KCI등재

        Vision, Illusion, and Misinterpretation in Conrad's Under Western Eyes

        김종석 한국영어영문학회 2003 영어 영문학 Vol.49 No.4

        The aim of this paper is to analyze the nature of main characters' vision in Joseph Conrad's Under Western Eyes and to examine how vulnerable they are to narcissistic, or self-centered, imagining. Consistent with the title of the novel, the text is full of references to the "eyes" and the vision of almost every character. Razumov, the protagonist of the novel, experiences illusions and hallucinations as a result of betraying his alter ego. At the same time that he feels guilty about the crime he has committed, Razumov lives in fear of being kept under constant surveillance. Razumov gives himself up to a "morbidly vivid vision" by projecting his own fear and guilt onto the world around him. As he imagines the moral consequences of his crime in everything he sees, Razumov's visual perception becomes distorted. Much like the protagonist, the narrator of the novel shows an equally limited vision. His short-sighted approach to people and events causes him to miss the point of Razumov's confession scene. Owing to his romantic illusion, the narrator sees the confession scene as a love scene, failing to achieve any sympathetic, imaginative, or intuitive understanding of the most critical event in the narrative. Of special importance is the fact that the problem of illusion is not restricted to the novel's protagonist and narrator alone; it is also true of the novel's other main characters. For them, the world is like "a blank page" on which they project their own ideas, hopes, prejudices, and desires. Locked in his subjective and narcissistic perception, each character creates for himself a vision of the world in his own image, shaping it into the mould his distinctive imagination invents. The question of illusion proves to be ubiquitous and inevitable, exemplifying "the invincible nature of human error." One of the implications of the Conradian characters' limited and distorted views of the world is modernist fiction's interest in perspectivism. Conrad's condemnation of their very one-sided perceptions of reality is indicative of perspectivism, which is the widely used modernist technique of portraying characters, objects, and events from different perspectives or points of view. Modernist writers' concern with perspectivism reflects their aesthetic view that they can create a more authentic or original representation of reality, if they develop their sense of perspectivism further. The aim of this paper is to analyze the nature of main characters' vision in Joseph Conrad's Under Western Eyes and to examine how vulnerable they are to narcissistic, or self-centered, imagining. Consistent with the title of the novel, the text is full of references to the "eyes" and the vision of almost every character. Razumov, the protagonist of the novel, experiences illusions and hallucinations as a result of betraying his alter ego. At the same time that he feels guilty about the crime he has committed, Razumov lives in fear of being kept under constant surveillance. Razumov gives himself up to a "morbidly vivid vision" by projecting his own fear and guilt onto the world around him. As he imagines the moral consequences of his crime in everything he sees, Razumov's visual perception becomes distorted. Much like the protagonist, the narrator of the novel shows an equally limited vision. His short-sighted approach to people and events causes him to miss the point of Razumov's confession scene. Owing to his romantic illusion, the narrator sees the confession scene as a love scene, failing to achieve any sympathetic, imaginative, or intuitive understanding of the most critical event in the narrative. Of special importance is the fact that the problem of illusion is not restricted to the novel's protagonist and narrator alone; it is also true of the novel's other main characters. For them, the world is like "a blank page" on which they project their own ideas, hopes, prejudices, and desires. Locked in his subjective and narcissistic perception, each character creates for himself a vision of the world in his own image, shaping it into the mould his distinctive imagination invents. The question of illusion proves to be ubiquitous and inevitable, exemplifying "the invincible nature of human error." One of the implications of the Conradian characters' limited and distorted views of the world is modernist fiction's interest in perspectivism. Conrad's condemnation of their very one-sided perceptions of reality is indicative of perspectivism, which is the widely used modernist technique of portraying characters, objects, and events from different perspectives or points of view. Modernist writers' concern with perspectivism reflects their aesthetic view that they can create a more authentic or original representation of reality, if they develop their sense of perspectivism further.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        CTBN / PU / Epoxy 의 파괴인성에서 폴리우레탄의 영향

        김종석,홍석표 ( Jong Seok Kim,Suk Pyo Hong ) 한국공업화학회 1998 공업화학 Vol.9 No.2

        에폭시 adduct carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile(CTBN)은 CTBN과 에폭시수지를 블렌딩하여 제조하였다. CTBN과 폴리우레탄(PU) 및 에폭시수지로 CTBN/PU/epoxy를 제조하였다. CTBN이 5 wt%에서 CTBN/PU/Epoxy는 PU의 함량이 증가할 수록 damping 피크가 이동하였다. PU의 함량이 증가할수록 상용성이 증가함을 의미한다. 그러나 CTBN의 함량이 증가함에 따라 상용성은 감소하였다. CTBN/PU/epoxy에서는 PU의 함량이 l0wt%에서 최대 굴곡값을 나타냈으나, PU 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. CTBN/epoxy에서 PU를 첨가함에 따라 파괴인성은 증가하였다. 파괴단면에서 전단변형과 공동화에 의한 응력백화현상을 보였다. CTBN의 공동화와 PU를 도입한 에폭시 매트릭스의 전단변형이 CTBN/PU/epoxy의 강인화기구이다. Epoxy adduct carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile(CTBN) was prepared by blending of CTBN and epoxy resin. CTBN/PU/epoxy was prepared from polyurethane(PU), epoxy resin, and CTBN. The CTBN/PU/epoxy using 5 wt% of CTBN content showed shifting damping peak as PU content increased. It suggested that CTBN/PU/epoxy had good compatibility for all composition at 5 wt% of CTBN content. But miscibility of CTBN/PU/epoxy decreased with the increase of the CTBN content. PU content for maximum flexural properties of CTBN/PU/epoxy was 10 wt%, but decreased with the increase of the PU content. The fracture toughness of CTBN/epoxy was improved by addition of the PU. Fracture surfaces of CTBN/PU/epoxy showed the shear deformation and generation of stress whitening which is associated with the cavitation. Cavitation in the CTBN and shear defomation in the PU modified epoxy matrix are the toughening mechanisms for CTBN/PU/epoxy.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재후보

        폴란드 민족 운동사와 저항정신(Ⅱ) -1980년대를 중심으로-

        김종석 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소 2006 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.17 No.1

        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process and changes and spirits of national movements in 1970's in Poland. Poland's uncomfortable position within the Soviet bloc is aggravated by the strength of her traditional bonds with the West. After 123 years of Soviet supremacy, there are no signs that these bonds are weakening. Under Gierek's leaderships the political situation in Poland reached the same impasse that Gomuika was facing. The pattern of events repeated itself in a way that suggests that underlying causes of malaise were essentially the same for three years, in 1971-3, as in 1956-6, the new regime radiated confidence and optimism. Free discussion and a spirit of experimentation was in the air. The workers were wooed by an increase in wages, and by proper attention to differentials. A program of massive investment was started in those areas of the economy which might reasonably be expected to increase trade, improve agriculture or raise the standard of living. It was clear to all that Gierek had staked everything on economic success, but The oil crisis of 1974 together with the deepening recession in world trade, hit poland at a moment of great vulnerability in this situation. Gierek proceeded to precisely the same confrontation with the people that had humbled Gomuika only six years before. Having repeatedly postponed the long-promised rise in food prices he suddenly ordered the raise by 60 percent. Strike, protests and demonstrations broke out in all most every town and factory in the country and The election of the polish pope injected new spirit of self-esteem into the private lives of many Poles. It was a spiritual experience and a exercise in self-discipline which no one in Poland could easily forget. The emergence of Solidarity must be seen as the Culmination of a long process. It was the agency of a Spotane Ous movement for national revival. 폴란드에서는 2차 대전 이후 사회주의 체제하에서 다른 중동부 유럽 어느 국가보다도 활발하게 자유 민주주의 민족저항 운동이 이어졌다. 1956년 포즈나인 봉기를 시발점으로 하여 1968년 학생운동, 1970년 그다인스크 노동자 봉기, 1976년 우루수스, 라돔 노동자 시위, 그리고 1980년 이른바 솔리다르노시치 자유노조 운동, 1989년 원탁회의와 체제전환 등에 이르기까지 폴란드 국민들의 대공산 정부와 대 소련에 저항하는 민족운동은 폴란드 사회주의 체제뿐만 아니라 소련의 중,동부 유럽 지배체제 전체를 흔들어 놓았다.폴란드의 자유민주화 운동과 대 소련 저항운동은 전후 폴란드 사회주의화 과정과 이후 공산정권의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 전반에 걸친 기본정책에 대한 불만의 표출임과 동시에 건국이후 수많은 서구 열강의 침입에 저항했던 폴란드 역사의 특수성과 뿌리 깊은 반소 감정 그리고 전통적으로 강한 가톨릭 신앙 등의 제 요인들이 복합적으로 작용했기 때문이다.

      • KCI등재후보

        폴란드 민족 운동사와 저항정신 - 70년대를 중심으로 -

        김종석 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소 2005 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.15 No.1

        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process and changes and spirits of national movements in 1970's in Poland. Poland's uncomfortable position within the Soviet bloc is aggravated by the strength of her traditional bonds with the West. After 123 years of Soviet supremacy, there are no signs that these bonds are weakening. Under Gierek's leaderships the political situation in Poland reached the same impasse that Gomuika was facing. The pattern of events repeated itself in a way that suggests that underlying causes of malaise were essentially the same for three years, in 1971-3, as in 1956-6, the new regime radiated confidence and optimism. Free discussion and a spirit of experimentation was in the air. The workers were wooed by an increase in wages, and by proper attention to differentials. A program of massive investment was started in those areas of the economy which might reasonably be expected to increase trade, improve agriculture or raise the standard of living. It was clear to all that Gierek had staked everything on economic success, but The oil crisis of 1974 together with the deepening recession in world trade, hit poland at a moment of great vulnerability in this situation. Gierek proceeded to precisely the same confrontation with the people that had humbled Gomuika only six years before. Having repeatedly postponed the long-promised rise in food prices he suddenly ordered the raise by 60 percent. Strike, protests and demonstrations broke out in all most every town and factory in the country and The election of the polish pope injected new spirit of self-esteem into the private lives of many Poles. It was a spiritual experience and a exercise in self-discipline which no one in Poland could easily forget. The emergence of Solidarity must be seen as the Culmination of a long process. It was the agency of a Spotane Ous movement for national revival. 폴란드에서는 2차 대전 이후 사회주의 체제하에서 다른 중동부 유럽 어느 국가보다도 활발하게 자유 민주주의 민족저항 운동이 이어졌다. 1956년 포즈나인 봉기를 시발점으로 하여 1968년 학생운동, 1970년 그다인스크 노동자 봉기, 1976년 우루수스, 라돔 노동자 시위, 그리고 1980년 이른바 솔리다르노시치(Solidarno)자유노조 운동 등에 이르기까지 폴란드 국민들의 대공산 정부와 대 소련에 저항하는 민족운동은 폴란드 사회주의 체제뿐만 아니라 소련의 중, 동부 유럽 지배체제 전체를 흔들어 놓았다.폴란드의 자유민주화 운동과 대 소련 저항운동은 전후 폴란드 사회주의화 과정과 이후 공산정권의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 전반에 걸친 기본정책에 대한 불만의 표출임과 동시에 건국이후 수많은 서구 열강의 침입에 저항했던 폴란드 역사의 특수성과 뿌리 깊은 반소 감정 그리고 전통적으로 강한 가톨릭 신앙 등의 제 요인들이 복합적으로 작용했기 때문이다.

      • KCI등재

        우리나라의 자동차사고에 대한 역학적고찰

        김종석,김은익 한국보건통계학회 1983 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.8 No.1

        The accidents may be one of the major health problems and motor vehicle accidents are the most serious one of them. The study is aimed to analyze the status of the death and injury due to motor vehicle accidents as well as the general traffic conditions in Korea. And the authors have used the data and records of the accidents reported from the related administrative agencies and the automobile insurance company. The findings are summarized as follows: Ⅰ. As of the end of 1982 there are 646,996 motor vehicles and about 2.6 million people having driver's licence in Korea. Ⅱ. Traffic accidents marked 93.3% cases and 93.5% of casualties of those due to all types of accidents. Ⅲ. 359.1 motor vehicle accidents occurred, 15.5 persons died and 332.1 were injured from the accidents the rate per 100,000 people in 1982. Ⅳ. It has noticed that the fatality rate in Seoul and Pusan Taegu City (2.7% respectively) is lower than that in other areas of the country (6.0%) Ⅴ. The 46.199 injunes who were compensated from the Korean Automobile Insurance Company have been cared medical services for 17.8 days on the average. Ⅵ. In Korea it is very serious with the highest rate of motor vehicle accidents beyond comparison to the other developed countries, especially in the death rate to the given vehicles.

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