정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Z-map을 이용한 공구 포락면 모델링 방법의 비교연구

박정환,정도영 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1999 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.1

Z-map is a special form of discrete nonparametric representation in which the height values at grid points on the xy-plane are stored as a 2D array z[i,j]. While Z-map is the simplest form of representing sculptured surfaces and it is the most versatile scheme for modeling nonparametric objects, the application of Z-map to die machining (eg, finish cutting, clean-up cutting) aroused much controversy over its weaknesses; accuracy, singularities (eg, vertical walls), and some excessive storage needs. Although it has such limitations, much research on the application of Z-map can be found in various articles. However, research involving systematic analysis of Z-map to represent CL (cutter location) surfaces for machining is rather rare. Presented in this paper are a few methods of computing CL surface in a Z-map form.

Squalene Adjuvant를 이용한 단백질 항원의 세포성 면역반응 유도

도현주,김성열,안종성,하영주,이승찬,오재택,장명호,정홍석,문홍모,박해준 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

To investigate the role of adjuvant for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induction, squalene-based adjuvant was studied its capability eliciting to the induction of cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity to exogeneous proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as model proteins. It was demonstrated that antigen formulation consisted of metabolizable oil squalene mixed with Tween 80 and pluronic L121 (S/TJ121) could induced the antigen specific CTL responses and antibodies irrespective of immunization routes in mice. We also demonstrated that this antigen formulation was a inducer of CD8+, major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I-restricted, and antigen-specific C;1'Ls. These data suggest that the squalene-based emulsion system is a potent adjuvant inducing cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity.

국산 Zeolite에 의한 염색폐수 처리에 관한 연구

박영태,도갑수 慶北工業專門大學 1979 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The adsorption of C.O.D in the waste water from the dyeing mill was studied to develop effective adsorbent by using zeolite mined out Yeung ill, Korea. The amount of C.O.C. adsorbed by the adsorbent was measured at constant time interval for the whole operationg runs. The effect of particle size of zeolite used, initial concentratiom of C.O.D in waste water were investigated, and the kinetics and the equilibriun of adsorption were discussed from experimental data. In the kinetic study, the adsorption by zeolite is known to be controlled by intraparticle diffusion and, interier diffusion, and the adsorption equilibrium concentration of C.O.D. on zeolite is nearly equal to that of granular active carbon. Therefore the Yeungill zeolite could be effectively used as economic adsorbent in order to treat waste water of the dyeing industries.

개방적 폐생검으로 진단된 폐 효모균증 1예

도윤정,김준형,박윤선,박재석,백승덕,김성자,이영현,김정란 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2003 東國醫學 Vol.10 No.2

효도균증(cryptococcosis)은 후천 면결핍증후군, 장기이식환자 등 세포매개면역 기능이 저하된 사람에서 주로 발생하고 대개는 수막염등 중추신경계의 감염으로 나타나게 되며 폐에 단독으로 감염되는 경우는 흔하지 않다. 폐효모균증이 조직학적으로 증명되는 경우는 대개 부검시 발견되고 약 20%정도에서 배양검사로 확인된다. 저자들은 내원당시 흉부 방사선 소견상 폐암으로 의심되어 개방적 폐생검을 통한 조직검사에서 폐효모균증으로 확인된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. Cryptococcosis occurs mainly in the patients with decreased cell-mediated immune system such as acquried immune deficiency syndrome and organ system, like meningitis. Single infection directly to the lung is unlikely. Cryptococcosis is mostly diagnosed pathologically by autopsy, where 20% is detected in the culture studios. We experienced a case of cryptococcosis by open lung biopsy in a 49 year old woman, whitch was suspected as a lung cancer in the chest radiograph, and therefore reporting the case along with the consideration.

요추 Y-각 협착증 : 요추간 협착증의 새로운 개념 New Concept of Lumbar Stenosis

김영수,조용은,박형천,윤도흠,노성우 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.1

Authors measured the Y-shaped angle made by both yellow ligaments and both laminae named Y-angle at the spinal CT scan in normal and lumbar stenosis group. The normal range of Y-angle is between 60˚and 95˚. Lumbar stenosis is classified into narrow Y-angle stenosis(<60°) and wide Y-angle stenosis(>95°) by Y-angle. Narrow Y-angle stenosis is most common in degenerative spondylotic stenosis. Wide Y-angle is most common in congenital stenosis. The Y-angle is a simple and useful diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis on CT scan and MEU scan.

상악동에 발생한 거대한 Cholesterol 육아종 1례

김승찬,박형욱,김용기,나한조,도남용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

The cholesterol granuloma is not a specific clinical or pathologic entity but merely a term used to describe a tissue response to cholesterol crystal. The cholesterol granuloma in paranasal sinuses is rare disease. Recently the authors had experienced a case of huge cholesterol granuloma, which involved the right maxillary sinus. The cholesterol granuloma was removed successfully by mean of enucleation through the Caldwell-Luc approach. So, we report a case with brief review of the literature.

기분 장애 환자에서 나타나는 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열의 확장

손성은,임신원,이소영,황혜진,진동규,박정의,김도관,김이영 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 기분장애는 그 원인과 발생기전은 아직 밝혀져 있지 않고 있지만, 과거부터 유전적 요인이 질병의 발생과 중요한 연관성을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 특히 양극성 정동장애는 가족력이 있는 경우에 발병될 가능성이 높고, 같은 가족 내에서 발생했을 때 세대가 내려감에 따라서 발병시기가 점차 빨라지며 증세가 심해지는 경향이 있어서 그 유전적 배경에 대해 많은 의문이 있어 왔다. 연구자들은 다양한 증상의 기분장애 환자들의 DNA에서 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복(trinucleotide repeat. TNR) 정도를 분석함으로써 TNR 확장이 기분장애의 유전과 관련되는지 살펴보았다. 방법: 환자 군은 DSM-Ⅲ-R 진단기준에 의거하여 양극성 정동장애(N=55), 주요우울장애(N=67) 환자들을 선발하였다. 정상인(N=89)은 정신과적 병력이 없고 다면성 인성검사상 정상의 profile을 나타내는 병원 종사자, 학생 및 건강의학센타 방문자들 중 선발하였다. TNR의 확장은 genomic DNA를 순수분리한 후, (CTG)₁□의 oligonucleotide를 □-□□P-ATP로 방사선 표지하여 반복서열 확장 탐지법(repeat expansion detection)으로 측정하였다. 집단간의 비교를 위해 Mann-Whitney U 검증을 실시하였다. 결과: DNA에서 관찰되는 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복 길이의 평균은 양극성 정동장애에서 169.8bp(S.D=58.6), 주요우울장애에서 167.5bp(S.D=63.9)로서 대조군 178.7bp(S.D=56.5)과 비교하였을 때 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 각각의 환자군을 가족력이 있는 군과 없는 환자군으로 나누어 대조군과 비교하였을 때도 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열 확장이 양극성 정동장애 환자와 주요우울장애 환자들의 유전 양식에 영향을 미친다는 가설을 뒷받침하지 않는다. Objectives: The genetic facotrs have been suggested for the etiology of mood disorders but the mode of inheritance is complex. Increased severity and an earlier onset of the bipolar and major depressive disorder over generations within families(Anticipation) were reported. In order to test the hypothesis that trinucleotide repeat expansions underlie the genetic basis of Bipolar and major depressive disorders, we have analyzed the extent of CAG reapeats in genomic DNA from mood disorder patients. Methods: 55 bipolar disorder, 67 major depressive disorder patients were recruited accord-ing to the DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria. 89 normal controls were recruited from the medical personnel, students and the visitors to the health services center who had no history of psychiatric illness and show normal profile of MMPI. The genomic DNA of patients and controls was analyzed by use of the (CTG)□ oligonucleotide and the repeat expansion detection(RED) method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of the number of CAG repeats among the groups. Results: when the bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder patients were compared with the control group, no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that expanding CAG repeats are causing the observed genetic anticipation in bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders.

타타늄의 열처리 조건에 따른 동전위 양극분극특성 및 표면 미세구조 변화

주동현,이용렬,정영화,양홍서,박상원,이도재,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2002 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The corrosion resistance of metallic implants is essential for successful implant osseointegration. Moreover, the implant surface should have appropriate surface roughness for the attachment of the osteoblast and collagen fibrils. When titanium is exposed to air a thermodynamically very stable oxide film is formed at once. This oxide is very thin and yet it protects the metal from corrosion instantaneously. However, the oxide would not be ideal, and it would be supposed that the state of oxide film would be various by the different conditions when it is formed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical properties and surface microstructural changes of titanium after passivation treatment or exposure to high heat (in vacuum or in air). ASTM grade 2 commercially pure titanium (Ti) disks of 10㎜ diameter were wet ground and polished with 240 and 600 grit SiC, and then ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water and ethanol. Cleansed as-received samples (As-R group) were passivated with 30% nitric acid solution at 50℃ for 15 minutes to make the Pas group. The Std-V samples were made by treating the Ti disks in vacuum quartz tube (10^-8 Torr) at 530℃ for 40 min for stress relieving, followed by annealing at 700℃ for 90 min, and then slow cooling to room temperature. The Std-A samples undergo identical procedure as the Std-V group except that it is done in air. For 530℃-V samples, Ti disks were heated at 530℃ for 40 minutes and slow cooled to room temperature. The 1000℃-V samples were produced by heating Std-V specimens again at 1000℃ for 2 hr, followed by cooling to room temperature. 530℃-A and 1000℃-A samples were also prepared. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurement, SEM, AFM and XRD analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of the various treatments. The difference in the mean values of E_corr between groups showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05), but that of I_corr did not show significance (P>0.05). When Ti surface was passivated there was a shift of corrosion potential (E_corr) in the noble direction and a lower corrosion current density (I_corr) value. Std-A samples showed most noble E_corr value among the tested groups. 530℃-V samples showed more noble E-corr than other tested groups except Std-A group. 1000℃-V samples showed more noble E-corr than those of Std-V sample. In the case of Std-, 530℃- and 1000℃-groups, -A sub-groups showed better corrosion resistant characteristics than -V sub-groups in regard to E-corr and I_corr values. In the SEM observations, the surfaces of the As-R samples showed only scratch line on smooth surface. In Pas samples, thick oxide layer covered the surface under high magnification observation. 530℃-A samples were covered by oxide granules, and Std-A samples had 25~50 nm-thick acicular oxides. The 1000℃-A samples were covered by coarse oxide crystals with a granule diameter of 0.1~0.6 μm having a gross appearance of milky white color, which was identified by XRD as a rutile. On the other hand, 1000℃-V samples showed an Widmansta¨tten structrue of which the orientation of the lattice is formed along crystallographic planes of the parent crystals. On the AFM observation, 530℃-A samples showed RMS roughness of 79.38 nm which is 5 times rougher than those of the As-R samples. Std-A sample had a roughness of 330.47 nm which is about 20-times rougher than that of the As-R sample. 1000℃-A samples were covered by coarse granular oxides and the roughness were about 0.56 μm. Vacuum sub-group samples showed a more smooth surface than air sub-group samples, and the oxide film was more dense. Due to variability of the surface treatment and heat treatment conditions, the process of the oxide formation seems to be affected thereby making the corrosion properties and surface micro-morphology different. However, more various electrochemical analysis together with surface analysis, and an investigation for the effects of those on the osteoblast cell adhesion and calcium phosphate apposition are needed for the improvement of the osseointegration rates of the titanium implants.

Helicobacter pylori 편모 유전자의 클로닝 및 염기서열 분석

이광호,이우곤,조명제,도영미,백승철,강경희,박필성,이상룡 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

A λgt11 expression libary of H. pylori DNA in E. coli Y1090 was screened with flagellin-specific rabbit antiserum for molecular cloning of the flagellin gene of H. pylori. A positive clone, λHPF4, was obtained and the recombinant antigen expressed from λHPF4 was a fusion protein with the molecular weight of 168kd. Sequence analysis of antigen-encoding DNA showed that an open reading frame composed of 1,536 nucleotides encodes a polypepride with a oredicted molecular size of 54kd. This open reading frame did not show the homology with flaA gene encoding 56kd protein of H. pylori and was confirmed as a unique sequence through homoligy searching. Therefore, the cloned antigen is supposed to be the carboxy-terminal region of the other flagellin protein of H. pylori, flaB, with the molecular weight of 58kd.