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국가의 팬데믹 감염병 관리 의무와 기관생명윤리위원회의 역할
박형욱 대한의료법학회 2021 의료법학 Vol.22 No.4
2021년 3월 19일 한국생명윤리학회, 한국의료법학회, 한국의료윤리학회, 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회는 감염병예방법 일부개정안과 병원체자원법일부개정안을 비판하는 공동성명서를 발표하였다. 이들은 공중보건상 긴급조치가 필요한 상황에서도 기관생명윤리위원회 심의는 필수적이며 생략할 수 없다고 선언하였다. 하지만 우리나라 생명윤리법은 국가나 지방자치단체가 공공복리를 위하여 수행하는 연구는 인간대상연구에서 제외하고 있다. 또한 우리나라 법제는 연구와 감시를 구분하는 이분법에 기초하고 있지 않기 때문에 미국 커먼룰의 논의를 그대로 우리나라에 적용할 수 없다. 국가의 감염병 관리 의무와 기관생명윤리위원회의 조화로운 운영을 위해서는 다음 사안들을 고려하여 제도적 대안을 마련해야 한다. 첫째, 관련 학계는 가장 먼저 우리나라 현행 법률의 문제점에 관심을 기울여야 한다. 둘째, 국가는 감염병 관리 의무를 이행하기 위하여 당사자의 동의 없이 많은 업무를 수행하고 있다는 점을 이해하여야 한다. 셋째, 제도적 대안을 제시할 때 우리나라에서의 집행가능성을 고려해야 한다. 제도적 대안에 대하여 의료법학회 등 관련 학계의 심도 있는 논의가 필요하다. On March 19, 2021, the Korean Bioethics Association and related academic circles published a joint statement criticizing the partial revision of Infectious Disease Control And Prevention Act. However, according to the Bioethics And Safety Act of Korea, research conducted by the state or local governments for public welfare is excluded from human subjects research project. In addition, since the Korean legal system is not based on the dichotomy between research and surveillance, the discussion of the US Common Rule cannot be directly applied to Korea. For the harmonious operation of the state's duty to manage infectious diseases and the Institutional Review Boards, institutional alternatives should be prepared in consideration of the following issues. First, the related academic community should first pay attention to the problems of the current laws in Korea. Second, it should be understood that the state is carrying out many tasks without the consent of the parties in order to fulfill its duty to manage infectious diseases. Third, when presenting institutional alternatives, it is necessary to consider the feasibility of implementation in Korea. An in-depth discussion of the institutional alternatives by the Medical Law Society and other related academic circles is necessary.
뇌졸중 환자의 뇌병변 위치에 따른 요류동태검사 소견 및 배뇨 증상
박형욱,신용범,손현주,장재혁,하용훈,문혜정,차영선,고현윤 대한재활의학회 2009 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.33 No.1
Objective: To investigate urodynamic findings and voiding symptoms according to the location of brain lesion after stroke. Method: Twenty-six patients with stroke (19 infarction, 7 hemorrhage) who had complained of voiding dysfunction were studied. Brain MRI was performed to identify the suprapontine lesion or pontine lesion. Intravesical pressure and voiding control function of the external urethral sphincters were evaluated by urodynamic study with electromyographic study of the external urethral sphincter. Also voiding symptoms were evaluated. We classified voiding dysfunction into three subgroups by urodynamic findings as follows: detrusor hyperactivity, detrusor hypoactivity, and normal. Functions of the external urethral sphincters were divided into normal, impairment of external urethral sphincter volitional control (IEUS), and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). The symptoms of voiding dysfunction were categorized into three types as a irritative, obstructive or mixed type. Results: In patients with suprapontine lesion (n=22), 11 (50%) showed hyperactive detrusor and 6 (27.3%) showed hypoactive detrusor. However, in the pontine lesion (n=4), one patient (25%) was normal and the others were hypoactive detrusor. Fourteen cases (64%) of the suprapontine lesion and 1 case (25%) of pontine lesion demonstrated normal external urethral volitional control. Seven of 11 patients with irritative symptoms showed detrusor overactivity. Five of 9 patients with obstructive symptoms showed hypoactive detrusor. Conclusion: We concluded that hyperactive detrusor in suprapontine lesion and hypoactive detrusor in pontine lesion were dominant. However, voiding symptoms in stroke patients were various according to the external urethral sphincter function as well as the detrusor activity.
Bodies and Viruses: Biomedicalizing Hepatitis B in Shaping South Korea’s Nationhood
박형욱 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2019 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.32 No.1
Hepatitis B was a stigmatizing disease because of its reputation as a problem of underdeveloped countries and marginalized people. Biomedicine, including vaccination and science-based sanitation, was regarded as the only effective measure against it. Hence, some scholars have assumed that bodies and the disease were merely objects of biomedical intervention essential for nation-building. Challenging this assumption, I argue that Korean bodies and hepatitis were instrumental in forming biomedical and nationalistic discourses and exercises in South Korea during the 1970s and 1980s. In a developmental dictatorship situated within changing Cold War politics, hepatitis B and bodies, with their biological and cultural relations, contributed to shaping biomedical investigations, enterprises, and practices that were interpreted and appropriated with nationalistic metaphors. Therefore, hepatitis B, alongside those who carried it, came to evoke the contradictory imageries that symbolized both the progress and backwardness of the country.