정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

지능형 도로 LED 라인조명 시스템

양진영,김원식,김진희,박찬원 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.B

This paper presents the development of smart road line lamp system consisting light control device. It can perform the individual power control or partial on/off control of a LED lamp by control center and can detect the error of the LEDs by current sensing . Also, the ability to control the brightness and period of on/off by detecting the car's existence. This light control circuit consists of road line lamp unit device. It can give a lot of solutions when the server, which controls the whole system, is operated through CDMA(Code-Division Multiple Access) network

납에 의해 유발된 신경세포의 APOPTOSIS

양선희,신동훈,백원기 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Lead is a major environmental and occupational neurotoxicant. It has been shown that long-term exposure to a low level of lead impairs the development of brain. For example, it was reported that lead exposure during the childhood causes a learning difficulty and a memory deficit of children. Neurotoxic agents including the lead are believed to cause neuronal death in developing brain by two mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis. However, the exact mechanism of neuronal death caused by lead exposure is still not known explicitly. In this study, we conducted a study to clarify a mechanism of hippocampal neuronal cell death caused by lead acetate. Hippocampal neurons were cultured for 14-16days and treated with lead acetate of 1, 10, 100μM concentrations for 12 hours. With the MTT (methyl tetrazolium test)kit, the viability of neuronal cells was measured. Next, in order to examine apoptosis caused by lead acetate, TUNEL(TdT-mediated d-UTP Nick End Labelling ) assay was performed. It has been shown that lead acetate reduced the viability of neuronal cells in a dose dependent manner, especially at the concentration of 100 μM lead acetate. TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signals in the nucleus of apoptotic cells. The proportions of apoptotic cells in the lead-acetate treated group were more higher than those in the controls and increased as lead acetate concentration increased. From above results, it may be concluded that lead in the hippocampal neuronal cells reduced cell viability and one of mechanisms in neuronal cell death by lead appears to be apoptosis.

국내산 및 제초제 내성 콩(HS2906)의 일반성분, 무기질 및 지방산 조성

양윤형,이정희,김형진,윤원기,김환묵,김미리 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Proximate analysis, mineral and fatty acid composition of three conventional domestic soybean cultivars and two imported ones including glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 were evaluated by AOAC method, ICP-AES and gas chromatography. There were several differences in the proximate analysis among three conventional domestic soybean cultivars ; higher crude fat in the cultivar Hwanggumkong, higher crude protein in Pungsankong, and higher carbohydrate and crude ash in Duyukong. The ranges of contents of proximate components of domestic cultivars were similar to the data previously reported. There were no significant differences in proximate analysis between conventional soybean WS82 and glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 ; 23.55~23.90% of crudefat, 34.22~35.55% of crude protein, 6.25~6.45% of crude ash, and 25.35~26.47% of carbohydrate. The mineral and fatty acid compositions of HS2906 were similar to those of conventional soybeans previously reported.

불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제가 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

양희상,김광원,윤영주 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제의 법랑질 탈회에 대한 효과를 미세경도법을 통해 실험적으로 규명하기 위해 112개의 치아를 7개의 군으로 나누어 실험편을 제작한 뒤, 4개의 군에 광중합형(L1군, L2군) 및 자가 중합형(S1군, S2군) 교정용 전색제인 FluoroBond를 실험편에 도포하고 인공우식용액하에서 실험적으로 처리 완료된 실험편에 Knoop indenter를 부착한 Tukon microhardness tester를 이용해 미세경도를 측정하였고, 이를 KHN(Knoop hardness number)으로 환산하고 조직의 변성 여부를 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 법랑질 깊이에 따른 미세경도는 모든 군의 50㎛ 깊이에서 최소였고, 200㎛에서 최고인 L2군을 제외한 모든 군의 300㎛깊이에서 최고의 수치를 보였으며, L2, S2군을 제외한 모든군에서 법랑질 깊이가 증가됨에 따라 미세경도치도 증가되었다. 2. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제 군 모두 어느정도 치아우식에 저항하는 예방효과를 가지고 있었으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 광중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질 깊이 100㎛, 150㎛, 200㎛에서 치아우식 진행 억제효과가 있었다.(p<0.05). 4. 자가중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질 깊이 150㎛에서 치아우식 진행 억제효과가 있었다.(p<0.05). 5. 광중합형 교정용 전색제군과 자가중합형 교정용 전색제 군 사이의 법랑질 탈회 억제효과의 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride releasing orthodontic sealants, light-cured(Group L1&L2) and self-cured (Group S1&S2) FluoroBond, on enamel microhardness under artificial carious solution in vitro.112 extracted human premolar teeth were collected for experiments and divided into seven groups. A Tukon microhardness tester equipped with a Knoop diamond indenter was employed to determine microhardness. Tukon 23 program converted the number of microhardness into KHN(Knoop hardness number). The results were as follows: 1. The microhardness of enamel depth of all groups were the least at the depth of 50㎛ and that of all groups except L2 group, the greatest at the depth of 200㎛, were the greatest at the depth of 300㎛. And as the enamel depth of all groups except L2 and S2 group increased, the microhardness value also increased. 2. There was a little preventive effect in enamel decalcification both light- and self-cured orthodontic sealant groups, but had no statistical significance between the groups(p>0.05). 3. Light-cured orthodontic sealant groups had a progressive inhibiting effect in enamel decalcification at the depth of 100㎛, 150㎛, and 200㎛ (p<0.05). 4. Self-cured orthodontic sealant groups had a progressive inhibiting effect in enamel decalcification at the depth of 150㎛ (p<0.05). 5. There was no difference of the anti-enamel demineralization effect between light- and self-cured orthodontic sealant groups (p>0.05).

만성 부비동염에서 섬모운동과 전산화 단층촬영에서의 상악동 점막비후의 상관관계

민양기,전상준,이재서,이철회,이강수,윤자복,이원진,박광석 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

인과과정에 개입된 타인의 행위와 객관적 귀속 : 선행행위에의 결과귀속기준을 중심으로

양희원 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2011 Ewha Law Review Vol.1 No.1

구성요건행위와 그 결과 사이의 인과관계는 결과에 대한 형사책임의 근거가 되므로, 그 판단기준은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 우리 법원은 상당인과관계설 입장을 따르고 있어 행위가 결과에 상당하면 인과관계가 인정된다고 보아, 그 중간에 다른 행위가 개입하더라도 그것이 통상 예견 가능한 것에 지나지 않으면 인과관계는 영향을 받지 않는다고 보고 있다. 하지만 이러한 입장은 인과관계의 중단론의 부당성으로 이어지는 논리적 결함을 지니고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 개입행위의 결과발생에의 영향과 행위자에의 책임 귀속 간의 관계를 구체적으로 밝히지 않는 문제도 지니고 있다. 이러한 논리적 결함을 수정하고, 법적안정성을 확보하기 위해서는 학계의 입장과 같이 합법칙적 조건설에 따라 인과관계의 존재여부를 확정하고, 규범적 판단은 결과적 귀속론에 의하는 이원적 체계를 따르도록 해야 한다. 객관적 귀속의 판단척도에 대해서는 여러 기준이 제시되고 있는 바, 보다 정확한 판단을위해서는 다양한 사안을 포섭할 수 있는 통일적인 판단척도에의 합의가 필요하다. 이에 본고에서는 타인행위가 개입한 사안들 중 선행행위자들의 책임이 문제가 된 사안들을 유형화하고, 기존에 제시된 판단척도들의 검토를 통해 다양한 사안을 가장 효율적으로 포섭할 수 있는통일적인 판단척도를 이끌어내고자 하였다. Existence of causal relationship between the conduct and result is decided through the Substantiality Test in Korean courts. This test affirms causality when certain result is generally forseeable and possible from certain act. However, such test is criticized for being too broad and general. Cases that have intervening conditions between the act and result are especially prone to this criticism. Thus the Objective Attribution Theory which separates the decision process into 2 steps, factual and normative, is more appropriate for the sake of legal stability. Many scholars have suggested different criterions for the Objective Attribution application process, but it would be impossible for one criterion to cover all cases. This paper selected few criterions and fixed the order of application of those criterions hoping to offer a standardized test when making a normative decision.

'광물의 감정' 멀티미디어 학습 프로그램의 개발

양은진,최석원,김희수 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1999 과학교육연구 Vol.30 No.1

고등학교 지구과학 '광물의 감정' 내용에 대한 컴퓨터 보조학습 프로그램이 16 bit IBM-PC 기종에서 학습할 수 있도록 한국형 저작도구(KAS)로 개발되었다. 이 프로그램은 하이퍼텍스트 및 인터럽트 기능 등을 이용하여 만들어 졌으며 학습자가 혼자서 학습할 수 있는 반복 연습형이다. 그리고 이 프로그램은 학습자와 컴퓨터와의 상호작용 효과를 고려하여 제작되었다. 'Judgememt of Minerals' Muitimedia program is developed as an helping tool for the content of high school earth science with 16 bit IBM-PC compatible computer using 'KAS(Korea Authoring System) Ver.3.0'. This program is Drill and Practice type for individual study through, hypertext, interupt functions. And the program is considered to the reciprocal action effect between learner and computer.

측뇌실내 수막종 : 임상분석 및 수술접근법 Clinical Analysis and Surgical Approach

양희진,김동규,정희원,이현구,김현집,조병규,최길수,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.10

The authors present six cases of lateral ventricle meningiomas treated at Seoul National University Hospital between 1979 and 1991. These six cases of lateral ventricular meningiomas constitute 1.8 percent of all intracranial meningiomas and 16.7 percent of mass lesions of the lateral ventricle. The mean age was 29 years ranging from 11 to 50 years, younger than that or intracranial meningiomas with a statistical significance(p<0.01). Four of the patients were women and two were men. All cases were located in the trigonal area. The most common clinical symptoms and signs were related to increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea and vomiting. Based on the clinical presentation and radiological features(CT. MRI and angiography), correct preoperative diagnosis was possible in five cases. Gross total removal of the tumor was achieved in all cases. There was no operative mortality. A temporal gyrus approach was used in five cases with good surgical results. The benefits and drawbacks of each surgical approach for meningiomas of the lateral ventricle is discussed with review of pertinent literatures.

지문과 정신분열증

우숙희,정국동,최송표,조근자,양은진,김수일,박경란,이영호,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Fingerprint patterns of 333 schizophreniacs who met with the diagnostic criterias of International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia except items associated with chronicity in exclusion criteria were studied, and the following results were obtained. 1. The frequency distribution of the fingerprint patterns in the 333 schizophreniacs was ulnar loop, whorl, twinned loop, arch, radial loop in order in both control and schizophrenia groups. 2. Finger ridge counts of both sexes were decreased significantly in schizophrenia group. 3. Dissociation of fingerprint pattern in the schizophrenia group was 51.1%, which was far greater than 6.25% of control group. Number of dissociation was greatest in the thumb, followed by index, middle, ring, and little finger in order. According to the above results, it is considered that both the number of finger ridges and degree of dissociation of fingerprint patterns were closely related with schizophrenia. Analysis of fingerprints and palmprints with the aid of chromosomal analysis would contribute the early diagnosis and prevention of schizophrenia.