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박경란 조선대학교 지식경영연구원 2021 기업과 혁신연구 Vol.44 No.4
In Korea, where compensation is a general form of damages, the punitive damage system has recently been introduced as an individual legislative method and is being legislated competitively in specific fields. The Ministry of Justice has proposed special provisions for merchants' liability for damages in the Amendment to the Commercial Act. By uniformly regulating the punitive damage system introduced in the form of the current individual law, it was intended to give the commercial law general legal status regarding punitive damage and to enhance its effectiveness. In this paper, after examining the characteristics of the current individual legislative methods, the legislative problems of the commercial act amendments are reviewed, and the matters that must be preceded for the effective settlement of the punitive damage as a general clause were considered. The current individually legislated punitive damages system has the following characteristics. (1) introduction focused on the field of unfair trade practices, (2) the introduction of individual legislative methods, (3) introduction of discretionary triple punitive damages, (4) relaxation of the requirements for recognition compared to punitive damages under the common law. The review of the amendment to the Commercial Act is as follows. (1) As an exception to punitive damages, it is necessary to strengthen the subjective requirements, but it can be considered that some justification has been secured only with intention or gross negligence. (2) The uniform 5 times upper limit of the amendment to the Commercial Act is somewhat higher than the previous one (increased from three to five), but the previous problems still exist, so additional review of legislation is needed. (3) As it is a special case for merchants' commercial activities, the issue of punitive damages caused by general private individuals is still not resolved, and it seems that this problem can be solved by introducing it into the Civil Code. At the same time, If the class action law is passed, punitive damages would also be more effective. 전보배상이 손해배상의 일반적인 모습인 우리나라에서 최근 징벌적 손해배상제도를 개별 입법 방식으로 도입하여 특정 분야에서 경쟁적으로 입법화되고 있다. 지난해 법무부는 상법개정안에 상인의 손해배상책임의 특례 규정을 신설하였다. 현행 개별법 형식으로 도입된 징벌적 손해배상제도를 통일적으로 규율하여 징벌적 손해배상에 관한 일반법적인 지위를 상법에 부여함과 동시에 실효성을 제고시키고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 현행 개별 입법 방식의 특징을 살펴본 후, 상법개정안이 가진 입법적 문제점을 검토하여 일반조항으로서의 징벌적 손해배상제도의 효과적인 정착을 위해서 선행되어야 할 사항들을 고찰하였다. 현행 개별 입법된 징벌적 손해배상제도는 다음과 같은 특징을 가지고 있다. (1) 불공정 거래행위 분야에 치중한 도입, (2) 개별 입법 방식의 도입, (3) 재량적 3배 배상의 도입, (4) 영미법상 징벌적 손해배상에 비해 인정요건의 완화이다. 상법 개정안에 대한 검토는 다음과 같다. (1) 징벌적 손해배상이 전보적 손해배상에 대한 예외적 인정으로서 주관적 요건의 강화가 필요한 점도 있으나, 고의 또는 중과실만으로 어느 정도 정당성을 확보했다고 볼 수 있다. (2) 상법 개정안의 일률적 5배 상한은 기존에 비해서는 다소 높아졌으나(3배에서 5배로 증가) 기존의 문제점이 그대로 존재하고 있어 이에 대한 추가적인 입법 검토가 필요하다. (3) 상인의 상행위에 대한 특례인 만큼 일반 사인에 의한 징벌적 손해배상 문제는 여전히 해결되지 않고 있으며, 민법에 도입하여 이런 문제점을 해결할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이와 함께 상법 개정안과 함께 제출된 집단소송법안이 통과된다면, 징벌적 손해배상 제도도 더 활성화가 될 것으로 기대된다.
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박경란,제미경,오찬옥 인제대학교 1996 仁濟論叢 Vol.12 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which influenced the adaptation of life of elderly women living alone or with the spouse. A survey using interview was administered to 103 elderly women living alone and llb elderly women living with spouse in Seoul and Pusan. The major findings were as follows : 1. The life adaptation of elderly women living alone was determined by financial strain, the quality of relationship with her eldest son's wife, the convenience of neighborhood facilities, tenure and materialism. Those variables explained the varience of the life adaptation about 57.3% by using a stepwise multiple regression method. 2. The life adaptation of elderly women living with spouse was determined by the quality of relationship with her eldest son's wife, social activities, the reason for independent household formation and income. Those variables explained the varience of the life adaptation about 52.9% by using a stepwise multiple regression method.
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모자갈등과 고부갈등의 결정요인 고찰 : 장남부부를 중심으로
박경란 인제대학교 1993 仁濟論叢 Vol.9 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting conflict between the eldest son and his mother and between his mother and his wife. The factors considered were filial expectation, mother's dependency, filial responsibility, eldest son's couple's life stressors, and some background variables. A survey was administered to 140 eldest sons and their wives living in Seoul and Pusan. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Conflict between mothers and sons was affected by filial expectation, son's life stressors, and filial responsibility. 2) Daughter-in-law's conflict with mother-in-law was influenced filial expectation, daughter-in-law's life stressor, filial responsibility, and age of daughter-in-law. 3) Filial expectation was found to be the strongest predictor of both conflict between son and mother and between daughter-in-law and mother-in-law.
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Methotrexate가 脾臟에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究
朴景蘭,李永浩,金源式 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.1
In order to study the morphological changes of spleen after treatment with methotrexate, ICR mice were used as experimental animal. The experimental mice were divided into control, 50mg/kg and 500mg/kg of methotrexate treated groups. Methotrexate injected intravenously via tail vein once on the 8th day of pregancy. The mice were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd 3rd and 4th day after treatment, the spleens were removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 48hrs. Spleens were cutted 5㎛ thick and stained with H-E, then observed under the light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The size of spleen were reduced after MTX treatment more on dose day by day. 2. The periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) and germinal center were also reduced after MTX treatment. 3. The lymphocytes of white pulp showed nuclear pyknotic changes and many nuclear debris were found after MTX treatment. 4. The brown hemosiderin pigments were increased markedly in the red pulp of MTX treated groups. 5. Marked proliferation of fibrous trabeculae were found in the red pulp of MTX treated mice.
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