김대건 신부의 해로를 통한 조선 입국로

김수태(Kim, Soo Tae) 한국교회사연구소 2016 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.49

김대건 신부는 신학생 때인 1842년에 프랑스 함대를 타고 조선으로 들어오려다 실패하였다. 1845년 부제로서 육로로 조선에 입국하였던 그는 서해를 건너 중국에 들어간 최초의 천주교 신자가 되었다. 이후 신부가 된 그는 조선에서 타고 갔던 배로 페레올 주교와 다블뤼 신부와 함께 다시 돌아왔다. 그러나 귀국한지 얼마 안 되는 1846년에 그는 백령도 부근을 거점으로 해서 조선과 중국을 연결하는 새로운 입국로를 개척하려다가 체포되고 말았다. 따라서 그는 바다와 함께 살다가 순교한 사제였다고 일컬을 수 있다. 이러한 까닭에 김대건 신부의 서해를 통한 선교사들의 입국로 개척에 대해서는 최근에 들어와서 관심이 높아지고 있다. 페레올 주교가 구상하고, 김대건 신부가 개척하였기에 가능하게 되었다고 파악되고 있다. 그러나 김대건 신부의 해로를 통한 입국로 개척에 대해서는 새롭게 다룰 측면이 있다. 우선 페레올 주교와 김대건 신부의 활동은 그 보다 앞선 선교사들이 시도한 해로 개척의 연장선상에서 살펴보아야 한다는 것이다. 무엇보다도 김대건 신부의 활동이 주도적이거나, 능동적으로 제대로 그려지고 있지 않다는 점을 커다란 문제라고 할 수 있다. 이 점에서 해로에 대한 전문적인 지식을 가지고 있던 김대건 신부에 의해서 프랑스 선교사들의 해로 입국이 구체적으로 이루어지게 되는 과정을 새롭게 살펴보고자 한다. 사실 프랑스 선교사들은 조선배로 조선에 입국하는 문제에 대해서 망설였다. 김대건 부제가 중국으로 타고 온 배가 너무나 작고 초라해서 서해를 건너서 갈 수 있는 배로 생각하지 않았다. 더욱이 김대건 신부의 항해 지식이나 해로 개척 가능성에 대해서도 그다지 신뢰하지 않았던 것이다. 이에 이들은 조선배가 아니라 중국배로 조선으로 돌아가고자 희망하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 김대건 신부는 조선의 배로 두 명의 프랑스 선교사를 태워서 입국하였다. 더 나아가 그는 새로운 지도 작성을 바탕으로 프랑스 선교사들이 백령도 부근을 통해서 조선으로 들어올 수 있는 길을 개척하였다. In 1842, when Kim Daekeon was a seminary student, his attempt to enter Chosun dynasty on the French fleet was frustrated. In 1845, as a deacon whom already entered Chosun by land, he became a first Catholic who entered China by crossing the Western sea. Later, becoming an ordained priest, he came back to Chosun with Bishop Ferréol and Father Daveluy by a ship which he took from Chosun. However in 1846, just after returning from China, he was arrested near the Baengnyeong island attempting to pioneer a new entrance connecting China and Chosun dynasty. Therefore, he can be called as a martyr who dwelled on seas. Due to this, Father Kim Daekweon"s efforts to pioneer missionary entrance through the western sea are currently gaining more interest. This was identified as a feasible plan because Baptiste Ferréol has conceived and Father Kim Daekweon has carried out. However, there is an another perspective to consider regarding Father Kim"s pioneering entrance through seaway. Above all, Bishop Ferréol and Father Kim"s attempts should be considered as an extension of efforts of the previous missionaries. Also, another crucial problem is that Father Kim"s activities are not being portrayed as leading, nor active. In this regard, different examination on how French missionaries" seaway entrance took place by the efforts of Father Kim Daekweon and his expert knowledge about seaway is required. In fact, French missionaries were reluctant at entering Chosun through seaway. The boat that Deacon Kim Daekweon took during his voyage to China was considered too small and flimsy to cross the Western sea. Moreover, Father Kim Daekweon"s nautical knowledge and his vision of pioneering a seaway entrance were thought to be reckless. Hence, they hoped to return to Chosun by chinese ship instead of Chosun"s boat. Nevertheless, Father Kim Daekweon managed to enter Chosun riding Chosun"s boat along with two French missionaries. Furthermore, he pioneered new entrance to Chosun for the French missionaries through mapping areas around Baengnyeong island.

김대건 가문의 신분에 대한 재검토

김수태(Kim, Soo Tae) 한국교회사연구소 2011 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.37

This paper aims to reexamine the social status of the family of Father Kim Tae-gon. According to the records of the French missionaries who worked together with him, Father Kim was regarded as a commoner until his beautification. However, Korean scholars tend to see him as a member of the Yangban class on the basis of the family genealogy that was discovered during the Japanese colonial period. Even though this new interpretation has become a conventional wisdom, it is difficult to prove that his family was a part of the Yangban class only with his genealogy and family clan. It is more compelling to believe that he was a commoner with the new data on the status of the people of the area where his family lived. It is pointed out that earlier studies on the status of his family may be regarded as “an attempt to make Father Kim a Yangban”, which could result in an adverse effect on a proper understanding of the life and faith of Father Kim.

Development of a noninvasive KIM-1-based live-imaging technique in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model

Tae-Jun Kwon,Da-Sol Lee,Md. Enamul Haque,Rang-Woon Park,Byungheon Lee,Dongkyu Kim,Yong-Hyun Jeon,Kil-Soo Kim,Sang Kyoon Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

The development of reliable methods to diagnose acute kidney injury is essential to allow the adoption of early therapeutic interventions and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the fact that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression levels in kidneys are markedly upregulated early after a damage event, here we developed a noninvasive KIM- 1-based molecular imaging technique to detect kidney injury. First, we took advantage of a phage-display platform to select small peptides demonstrating a specific high binding affinity to KIM-1. The promising candidate was conjugated with fluorescent probes, and its imaging potential was validated in vitro and in vivo. This peptide, with the sequence CNRRRA, not only showed a high imaging potential in vitro, allowing a strong detection of KIM-1 expressing cells by microscopy and flow cytometry but also generated a strong kidney-specific signal in live-imaging in vivo experiments in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model. Our data overall suggest that the CNRRRA peptide is a promising probe to use in the context of in vivo imaging for the detection of KIM-1 overexpression in damaged kidneys.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Multi-media and multi-pathway aggregate exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the inhabitant in Tae-an county after Hebei-spirit oil spill

Kim Chan-Kook(김찬국),Woo-Chul Jeong(정우철),Jong-il Hur(허종일),Pan-Soo Park(박판수),Tae-Woo Lee(이태우),Hwi-Soo Seol(설휘수),Jung-hyeon Park(박정현),Jong-Heop Lee(이종협),Jong-Ho Kim(김종호),Byeong-Kyu Kwak(곽병규),Jong-Hyeon Le 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11

쿠퍼씨 방법을 이용한 상악 전방부 골절단술

김소영,김수관,이상호,김수응,정태영,안태훈 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.5

Anterior segmental osteotomy were performed in 8 patients with Angle's II malocclusion or anterior maxillary protrusion. Cupar's method was used for operation. The period of follow up for patients were 15months by average. This study discussed the postoperative complications and soft tissue change after anterior segmental maxillary osteotomy. There are not specific major complications.

Risperidone 조기 중단군 및 장기 유지군의 임상적 특성 비교

김광수,박원명,전태연,배치운,김대진,백인호,이철,김정수,한상익,최보문,장계호,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : Risperidone 투여후 조기 중단한 환자들과 장기적으로 계속 risperidone을 복용하고 있는 환자의 임상적 특성을 평가하고 나아가 risperidone장기 유지와 조기 중단의 요인을 분석하고 정신병리가 약물 투여에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 8개 병원 정신과에서 risperidone을 투여 시작한 환자 580명중 DSM-IV기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 투여 기간이 6개월 미만(조기 중단군)이거나 2년 이상(장기 유지군)을 경과하였으며 의무기록의 누락이 없는 210명을 선정하였다. 두 군간 임상적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인구학적 변인, 정신병리학적 변인, 약물 투여기록 및 부작용 등을 과거 의무기록을 근거로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 210명 중 조기 중단군이 67명(31.9%)이었고 장기 유지군은 143명(68.1%)이었으며 두 군간 인구학적 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 최대 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 유지용량은 조기 중단군에서 4.49(±1.44)mg,장기 유지군에서 3.67(±1.50)mg으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=3.698, p<0.05). 또한, 이전 항정신병약물의 사용 기왕력 변인에서 조기 중단군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 39명(58.2%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 27명(40.3%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 1명(1.5%)이었고, 장기 유지군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 58명(40.6%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 77명(53.8%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 8명(5.6%)으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구결과에 의하면 가급적 환자 상태에 따라 낮은 최적 치료 용량을 투여하는 것이 장기잔의 투여를 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구와 같은 대규모의 후향적 자연적 연구는 일반 실제 진료에서 risperidone의 효과 및 기타 다른 측면에서의 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. Objective : This retrospective naturalistic study was designed to compare the clinical characteristics including psychopathology of two groups of patients, long-term maintenance group and short-term drop-out group, who were taking risperidone. Method : Datas were collected for 210 schizophrenic patients with complete medical records among 580 patients who were enrolled with risperidone administration from January 1996 to December 1996 in 8 affiliated hospital of the Catholic University. The short-term drop-out patients group were assigned to whom treatment period was less than 6 month, and the long-term maintained patients group, treatment period was more than 2 years. We assessed demographics, psychopathology, and other variables related with medication based on past medical records. Results : Among subjects of 210, short-term drop-out patients group were 67(31.9%) and long-term maintained patients group were 143(68.1%). Demographics and psychopathology were not significantly different between two groups. The stating and maximal dosage of risperidone was not significantly different between two groups but the maintenance dosage of risperidone was lower in long-term medicated patients group than short-term drop-out patients group(t=3.698, p<0.05). Additionally, the result of this study showed differences in experiences of past antipsychotic use as following. The number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 39(58.2%), the number of high potency amtipsychotic use was 27(40.3%), and the number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 58(40.6%), the number of high potency ntipsychotic use was 77(53.8%), the number of low potency antipsychotic use was8(5.6%) in long-term maintained group.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). Conclusions : According to these results, administration of low therapeutic dosage should be recommended for long-term maintenance as if possible. Multi-center based retrospective naturalistic study like this would be useful for getting informations about efficacy and some other aspects of antipsychotic administration in practial field.

근ㆍ현대 한국 사학의 후백제 서술

김수태 한국고대사학회 2004 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.35 No.-

Historical studies of Later Baekje started by Japanese imperialist historians in the early 20th century. Choe Nam - seon may be the first Korean scholar who payed attention to Later Baekje in the 1920s, but his approach largely remained a romanticist rather than scientific endeavor. Afterwards, Son Jin - tae furthered the study of Later Baekje history on the basis of his neo-nationalism, and his analysis of the Gyeonhwon narrative shows an example of his social historical approach. Positivist approaches dominated the post- colonial Korean history in the middle 20th century. Lee Byeong - do focused mainly on the changing power relationships between Gyeonhwon and Wang Geon. In the 1960s, Kim Sang - gi attempted to understand Gyeonhwon's diplomatic activities and relationships among various local gentry classes, including problems of Gyeonhwon's birthplace and the relationship with his father. Lee Ki - baik attempted to provide a new approach to Later Baekje's diplomatic relation with China, and most of all he tried to find a right place of Later Baekje in his famous A New History of Korea. Kim Cheol- jun emphasized that the period of late Silla to early Goryeo was a key to the transition from the Ancient society to the Medieval society from a macro-historical perspective. Studies of Later Baekje history till the middle 1970s were mostly fragmentary and remained introductory descriptions. But, one of the positive aspects may be the diverse interests in various aspects of Later Three Kingdoms. These interests and polemics in the late 1970, provided basis for further developments in the 1980s.

Study on Reliability Improvement of Voltage Transformers by Increasing Voltage Factor

Tae‑Sik Kong,Hee‑Dong Kim,Hung‑Sok Park,Soo‑Hoh Lee,Soon‑Yong Kim,Pil‑Bum Joung,Jin‑Yeub Park 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

Voltage transformers (VTs) must be highly reliable as they are essential components of the electric power industry. VT failures can cause a signifcant impact for important facilities such as nuclear power plants. In fact, VTs which passed the international standard, were damaged and sometimes resulted in the shutdown of the nuclear power plants. In order to improve the reliability, VTs with various iron core was studied. The electromagnetic feld simulation, a saturation characteristics test, and an overvoltage breakdown test were conducted. The result shows that the magnetic fux density signifcantly afects the reliability of VTs. To increase the reliability of VTs, it is required to reduce the magnetic fux density by increasing the knee-point and voltage factor. Owing to limited installation space, increasing the size of the iron core is difcult. Instead, VT by decreasing the thickness of the conductor and increasing the number of turns, it was possible to reduce the magnetic fux density without the size change. Therefore, improved VTs were obtained by decreasing the thickness of the conductor and increasing the number of turns, and the improved reliability was verifed through a comparison test with existing VTs. The fabricated VTs shows a signifcantly higher saturation voltage and breakdown time than existing VTs. Thus, by proposed VTs can contribute the stable operation of the nuclear power plant and improve the manufacturer’s quality.