서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

濟州島 人工草地 植生의 經時的 變化에 관한 硏究 : 草種의 李節 및 年次的 變化 The Seasonal and Annual Changes in Species

金翰琳,趙南棋,宋昌吉 제주대학교 1981 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道 改良牧草地에 있어서 草種組成의 季節 및 年次的 變動狀態를 調査한 結果이며 그 槪要는 다음과 같다. 1. 改良年度別 草種의 變動狀態는 1975年 草地에서 37種이었으나 年數가 經過함에 따라 種數가 增加되어 1980年 草地에서는 130種이었으며 每年 季節에 따르는 種의 數는 夏期에 가장 많았고 春期에는 種의 分布가 가장 적었다. 2. 改良年度別 生育型의 分布變動狀態는 1975年 草地에서 一年生 12種, 多年生 25種, 木本 1種이었으나,年數가 지남에 따라 每年 增加되어 1980年 草地에서는 一年生 42種, 多年生 88種, 木本 5種이었으며, 每年 季節에 따르는 生育型에 있어서는 一年生은 秋期에서, 多年生은 夏期에서 가장 많은 種이 分布되었고 木本雜草는 季節에 變化가 없었다. This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal and annual changes in species on the impoved pastures in Cheju Island. The results are as follows : 1. The annual changes in the number of intruding weed species were obsered. 33 weed species were found in 1975 and increased year after year to 127 species in 1980. The seasonal changes of species by year were also observed. In summer more species ranged than in any other seasons and the number of species growing in spring was found fewer than in other seasons. 2. The distributional changes in annual and perenial plant were brough on. 10 species of annual plant, 23 species of perennial plant, and one species of arbor were found in 1975 and increased respectively year by year to 44 species (annual plant), 86 species(perennial plant) and 5 species (arbor) in 1980. The seasonal changes in ecology by year showed a tendency that more species of annual plant ranged in autumn, and more perennial plants in summer than in any other season. But there is no change in the species of arbor.

카드뮴폭로후 혈액과 요중 카드뮴의 변화양상

박정덕,김미정,최병선,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The changes of cadmium(Cd) in plasma, whole blood, erythrocyte and urine in Sprangue-Dawley male rats exposed to intravenous singleinjection of 0.8 ㎎ CdCl₂/kg of body weight were investigated. Blood was taken at 0.5 to 672 hours, and 24 hour-urine was collected by using metabolic cage for the same period. The plasma level of Cd was reached to peak at 0.5 hour after injection and reduced rapidly in 1 hour. The Cd level in blood was the highest in plasma and the lowest in erythrocyte at 0.5 hour after injection. However, in one hour postinjection, the levels of Cd were higher in order of erythrocyte, whole blood and plasma, up to 4 weeks. The changes of urinary volume and creatinine were not significant between Cd-treated and saline-treated groups. However, urinary protein was slightly increased with time in Cd-treated group. Urinary Cd level was higher in Cd treated group than control. These results suggest that the measurement of Cd in erythrocyte and urine is valuable for the biological index to estimate recent Cd exposure.

실험적 진폐증에서 투여약제에 따른 면역학적 병리학적 조직변화

윤임중,임현우,노영만,오상용,정장영,임영,김경아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1993 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.32 No.2

To access the effects of some drugs such as piperazine phosphare, azathioprine and allopurinol in the experimental pneumoconiosis, 263 rats weighted 240-320 gm was divided into the control and eight experimental groups. To each group, the turbid solution mixed free silica, talc and natural coal dust of 50 mg in 0.8 ml saline were instilled intratracheally. At the begining and 5th week of experiment, piperazine phosphate(8mg/week orally), aspirin(1.5mg/day intramuscularly), azathioprine(25mg/day orally) and allopurinol(1.5mg/day orally) were administered simultaneously, while the dust turbid solution was only given to the control group. For each group the change of body weight. dry right lung weight, cellularity including total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neurtrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, superoxide ion, hydroxyproline, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrotsis factor, prostaglandin E₂were examined, and observed the pathological chages in lung tissue. The results were as follow : 1. The larger amount of their instilled dust and the longer observation period, the severer pathological findings were found in the lung tissue of each experimental group. 2. The body and dry right lung wight was not significantly changed in the experimental groups compared with the control group. 3. The number of total cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly less in the experimental group than the control one, while no significant difference was found in the percent alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in both groups. However, the percent of neutrophiles was usually lower than in the control group. 4. The amount of superoxide ion was frequently less in the experimental group compared with the control one. 5. The amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control one. 6. The amount of leukotriene B₄was usually less in the drug administered group than in the control one. 7. The amount of tumor necrotic factor was also frequently lower in each experimental group than in the control one. 8. The amount of prostaglandin E₂was usually higher in each experimental group than in the control one.

Diagnosis of Cardiovascular disease using Respiratory Gas Exchange in Submaximal exercise

Jae-Hyeng Im,Yoo-Joung Jeon,Hong-Gil Choi,Jung-Du Kwon,Chang-Hwan Kim,Byeong-Wan Kim 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

The purpose of this study is to estimate clinical diagnosis using incremental treadmill exercise test, HR of the normal subjects linearly increases to the predicted maximal values as VO₂ increases. In contrast, CAD, PVD, sarcoidosis, and IPF patients showed non-linear data. For those in the normal subjects, their VCO₂ linearly increases in respect to VO₂. Also, the HR of the normal subjects linearly depended on intensity of exercise until they reach the predicted maximal heart rate, but PAD and COPD patients has lower increase rate of HR. O₂ pulse(VO₂/HR) of the normal subjects gradually increases to the predicted normal value while CAD patients with myocardial ischemia symptoms don’t show any changes. When PaCO₂ is normal, VE/VO₂ keeps falling and nadir reach less than 28 in AT. VE/CO₂ reach a nadir in ventilator compensation point and it is less than 32. CAD, PAD, and obesity patients’ VE/VO₂ and the nadir values of VE/CO₂ tend to be normal. But, IPF patients(symptoms with chronic heart failure, PVD, COPD, sarcoidosis, and VD/VT increase) have high nadir values.

랫드에서 쌍화탕의 급성독성에 관한 연구

김수정 ( Su Jeong Kim ),이미영 ( Mee Young Lee ),신인식 ( In Sik Shin ),서창섭 ( Chang Seob Seo ),하혜경 ( Hye Kyung Ha ),허정임 ( Jung Im Huh ),신현규 ( Hyeun Kyoo Shin ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanhetang in Chinese, Sou-wa-to in Japanese) in Crl: CD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods: In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg/day of ssanghwa-tang water extract (SHT). After single administration of SHT, mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Results: Acute toxicity tests revealed that a single oral administration of SHT at dose levels of 2000 mg/kg did not affect clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings, evaluating the safety of SHT. The SHT treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes. Conclusions: These results showed that the single oral administration of SHT did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. In conclusion, the median lethal dose (LD50) of SHT was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body for both sexes.

Control of Reversible Self-Bending Behavior in Responsive Janus Microstrips

Oh, Myung Seok,Song, Young Shin,Kim, Cheolgyu,Kim, Jongmin,You, Jae Bem,Kim, Taek-Soo,Lee, Chang-Soo,Im, Sung Gap American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.13

<P>Here, we demonstrate a simple method to systematically control the responsive self-bending behavior of Janus hydrogel microstrips consisting of a polymeric bilayer with a high modulus contrast. The Janus hydrogel microstrips could be easily fabricated by a simple micromolding technique combined with an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) coating, providing high flexibility in controlling the physical and chemical properties of the microstrips. The fabricated Janus hydrogel microstrip is composed of a soft, pH-responsive polymer hydrogel layer laminated with a highly cross-linked, rigid thin film, generating a geometric anisotropy at a micron scale. The large difference in the elastic moduli between the two layers of the Janus microstrips leads to a self-bending behavior in response to the pH change. More specifically, the impact of the physical and chemical properties of the microstrip on the self-bending phenomena was systematically investigated by changing the thickness and composition of two layers of the microstrip, which renders high controllability in bending of the microstrips. The curvature of the Janus microstrips, formed by self-bending, highly depends on the applied acidity. A reversible, responsive self-bending/ unbending exhibits a perfect resilience pattern with repeated changes in pH for 5 cycles. We envision that the Janus microstrips can be engineered to form complex 3D microstructures applicable to various fields such as soft robotics, scaffolds, and drug delivery. The reliable responsive behaviors obtained from the systematic investigation will provide critical information in bridging the gap between the theoretical mechanical analysis and the chemical properties to achieve micron-scale soft robotics.</P>

갑상선암에 의한 림프절 전이의 CT 진단

주지선,김형진,조영국,임명관,서창해,Ju, Ji-Seon,Kim, Hyeong-Jin,Jo, Yeong-Guk,Im, Myeong-Gwan,Seo, Chang-Hae 대한영상의학회 2001 대한영상의학회지 Vol.45 No.6

목적: 갑상선암의 일차 및 이차 림프절 전이에 대한 CT의 진단적 가치를 평가하고, 갑상선암에 의한 림프절 전이의 다양한 CT 소견을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 갑상선암으로 갑상선절제술 및 경부청소술이 시행된 환자 중 수술 전 CT를 시행한 59명을 대상으로 하였다. 59명 모두에서 일차 림프절 (Level VI)을 제거하는 중앙부청소술이 시행되었고, 21명에서는 총 136 level의 이차 림프절 (Level II-V)을 제거하는 측부청소술이 병행되었다. CT상 기준치 이상의 크기, 균질하고 높은 조영증강, 석회화, 낭성 또는 괴사성변화를 보이는 경우 림프절 전이가 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 이와 같이 분석한 CT 소견을 조직학적 소견과 비교하여 일차 및 이차 림프절 전이에 있어서 CT의 진단능을 평가하였고, 림프절 전이의 진단에 유용한 CT 소견을 알아보았다. 결과: 59명의 갑상선암 환자 중 조직학적으로 경부 림프절 전이는 31명 (53%)에서 진단되었으며 이 중 일차 림프절은 59명 중 30명, 이차 림프절은 136 level 중 44 level에서 전이가 관찰되었다. 일차와 이차 림프절 전이에 대한 CT의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도 및 정확도는 각각 27%와 93%, 100%와 93%, 100%와 87%, 57%와 97%, 그리고 63%와 93%이었다. CT상 기준치 이상의 크기 (n=19), 낭성 또는 괴사성 변화 (n=14), 석회화 (n=8)의 소견 중 한 개 이상의 소견을 보이는 이차 림프절에서는 조직검사상 모두 전이가 발견되었으나, CT상 조영증강만을 보인 25 level의 이차 림프절 중 6 level (24%)에서는 조직학적 전이소견 없이 반응성 림프절로 진단되었다. 결론: 갑상선암의 경부 림프절 전이의 평가에 있어서 CT의 민감도는 일차 림프절에서는 매우 낮았으나 이차 림프절에서는 비교적 높았다. 기준치 이상의 크기, 석회화 및 낭성변화는 갑상선암의 림프절 전이를 예측하는데 매우 유용한 지표로 생각된다. Purpose: To determine the usefulness of CT for diagnosing metastases to primary and secondary echelon lymph nodes (LNs) and to investigate various CT findings of metastatic LNs in thyroid carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the CT and histologic findings in 59 patients with thyroid carcinomas who had undergone thyroidectomy and neck dissection. Primary echelon LNs (Level VI) were removed by central neck dissection in all patients, and in 21, a total of 136 levels of secondary echelon LNs (Level II-V) were excised away by lateral neck dissection. CT criteria of metastatic LNs included large size, significant homogeneous enhancement, calcification, and cystic change. We evaluated the ability of CT to detect primary and secondary echelon LN metastasis and tried to determine which CT features were useful for the diagnosis of LN metastasis. Results: Histologically, LN metastasis was found in 31 (53%) of 59 patients, including 30 with metastasis to primary echelon LNs. Of the 136 levels of secondary echelon LNs resected in 21 patients, 44 were found at histology to harbor metastatic foci. The sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracies of CT in the diagnosis of metastasis to primary and secondary echelon LNs, respectively, were 27% and 93%, 100% and 93%, 100% and 87%, 57% and 97%, and 63% and 93%. While all secondary echelon LNs with at least one of the following CT criteria-large size (n=19), cystic or necrotic change (n=14), or calcifications(n=8)-were histologically proven to be metastatic, six (24%) of 25 such LNs with a sole sign of significant enhancement at CT were found to be due to reactive lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Although CT was unable to detect metastasis to primary echelon LNs, it was useful in the detection of secondary echelon LN involvement. Large size, cystic change, and calcification are considered highly reliable signs of metastatic LNs.

戰略的 人的資源管理 寬行이 人的資本水準에 미치는 影響

林昌喜,김영천 홍익대학교 경영연구소 2002 경영연구 Vol.27 No.-

In today's world, organizations are in a constant state of competition. The intensity of competition increases annunally and the need to continuously improve organizational performance has never been greater. Managers must be on a constant lookout for ways to maximize their organizaions' strategic resources. This study examines universal views of the human resources-human capital level in management settings Result from a survey of 520 employees primarily support a universal approach to strategic human resource management(SHRM). According to statistical results, human, resource practices enhancement was directly related to human capital level -employee skill, autonomy based behavior. Secondary, a good deal of evidence suggests that individual HR practices, as well as internally consistent systems or bundles of HR practices, can indeed directly influence human capital level and can seek relative important individual HR practices. First, training and education, second, participation in management, third, career development. Finally, managers search for ways to enhance their productive potential for the future, this study result would provide them with a richer understanding of how they can develop and manage human capital.

한국기업 팀제의 문제점과 개선방안

임창희,김영천 홍익대학교 동북아연구소 1999 東北亞硏究 Vol.3 No.-