대구시 중구의 옥상녹화를 통한 환경 및 경제적 편익 분석

김수봉 ( Soo Bong Kim ),장중근 ( Jung Keun Chang ) 한국환경과학회 2007 한국환경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Cone Beam형 전산화단층영상을 이용한 상악대구치 발치 후 상악동 함기화 평가

정연화,나경수,조봉혜 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the inferior expansion of the maxillary sinus floor following maxillary molar extraction. Materials and Methods : Cone beam computed tomographic images of 59 subjects were used to evaluate the height difference of the maxillary sinus floor between extraction sites and contralateral dentate sites. The height of the maxillary sinus floor was defined as the vertical distance to the Frankfort plane from the level of the anterior nasal spine to the most inferior point of the sinus floor. We examined the difference in sinus pneumatization according to the number of missing teeth and the vertical relationship of the molar roots to the sinus floor. Results : The inferior expansion of the maxillary sinus floor was 1.20±1.86 mm on the maxillary first molar and 1.90±2.42 mm on the maxillary second molar. Increased expansion was observed in cases where two proximate molars were extracted. There was no significant difference in sinus pneumatization following extraction according to the vertical relationship of the molar roots to the sinus floor. Conclusion : The results of this study confirm that sinus pneumatization occurs following maxillary molar extraction. In situations where pneumatization can affect treatment after molar extraction, three-dimensional radiography should be considered. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 109-13)

Periapical multilocular osteoporotic bone marrow defect

Jung, Yun-Hoa,Cho, Bong-Hae,Nah, Kyung-Soo 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

A case of osteoporotic bone marrow defect, which appeared as a well-defined multilocular radiolucency overlapping the roots of mandibular right second molar, was reported. On periapical radiograph, a daughter cyst-like radiolucency was seen at the anterior margin of the lesion making it difficult to rule out odontogenic keratocyst.

有機 廢棄物의 速成 堆肥化에 관한 硏究

鄭鳳守,黃光性 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1993 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-

볏짚, 왕겨, 生活쓰레기 등을 混合한 好機性으로 速成 堆肥化하는 過程에서 堆肥의 溫度, 有機成分의 變化와 腐熟度를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 通氣와 뒤집기없이 12週동안 野積한 堆肥의 成分含量은 通氣와 뒤집기로 5週동안 堆肥化한 成分含量 또는 뒤집기만으로 7週동안 堆肥化한 成分含量과 近似的으로 一致하였다. 따라서 通氣와 뒤집기를 할 경우 堆肥製造期間을 短縮하여 腐熟度 높은 堆肥를 製造할 수 있다. 2. 通氣와 뒤집기로 3週 또는 뒤집기만으로 12週동안 堆肥化한 窒素含量은 各各 2.07, 2.10 C/N比는 各各 14.0, 14.9로서 堆肥腐熟度 判定에서 滿足할 만한 堆肥라고 飼料된다. The experiment was carried out to investigate the temperature of compost, a variation of orgnic ingredient, a ripe level of decomposition in the process of rapidity completiom composting which was mixed with rice straw, rice hull, rife refuce etc. through aerobic The results of experiment are as follows : 1. The ingredient content of the outdoor compost under the process of composting for 12 weeks without ventilation or turning was approximately the same as that of the composts which has been under the process of composting for 5 weeks with ventilation and turning or for 7 weeks only with turning. Accordingly, we can conclude that ventilation and turning shortens the period of composting, and that they contribute to improving the quality of compost. 2. The nitrogen content of the compost under the process of composting for 8 weeks with ventilation and turning increased to 2.07, but its C/N ratio decreased to 14.0. The nitrogen content of the compost uneder the process of composting for 12 weeks only with turning increased to 2.1, but its C/N ratio decreased to 14.9 so those were considered to be satisfactory composts according to the criterion for judging the quality of compost.

상악 정중 과잉치의 위치와 병발증간의 관계

정연화,나경수,조봉혜 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2008 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.38 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the position of mesiodens and its complications. Materials and Methods: The subjects for this study consisted of 172 patients with mesiodens. Panoramic radiographs and cross-sectional tomography were taken of all of the subjects. Their clinical records and radiographs were analyzed in order to study the direction and vertical and sagittal position of mesiodens, as well as complications caused by mesiodens. Results : The number of mesiodens was one in 112 cases (65.1%) and two in 60 cases (34.9%). Complications were found in 121 mesiodentes (52.2%), with being median diastema the most frequent. The incidence of complications was high in erupted mesiodens (75.0%), in horizontal mesiodens (89.8%) and in mesiodens located within the arch (75.7%), but was low in mesiodens impacted above apex (29.8%), in normal position (34.4%) and in palatally positioned mesiodens (46.5%). Conclusion : It was suggested that the frequency of complications was different according to the vertical position, the direction of the crown and the sagittal position.

글로벌 SCM 환경에서의 통합 생산계획 모델에 관한 연구

정호상,송익수,정봉주 한국로지스틱스학회 2002 로지스틱스연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 논문은 글로벌 SCM(Supply Chain Management) 환경에서 생산 연계 비용의 최소화를 목적으로 하는 생산 계획 수립 알고리즘을 제안한다. 글로벌 SCM환경은 지역적으로 분리된 여러 개의 공장에서 각각 부분품 및 완제품의 생산이 이루어지는 환경이다. 이러한 환경에서 완제품의 주문량 또는 수요 예측량을 만족하지 위해 제품의 BOM(Bill-Of-Material) 구조를 고려하여 각 부분품의 생산계획량을 결정해야 한다. 각 공장에서는 제한된 생산 능력을 가지면, 특정 부분품 또는 완제품을 생산한다. 부분품의 생산은 특정 공정 시간을 가지며 완성된 부분품은 이후 공정을 위해 다른 공장으로의 이동시간을 갖는다. 본 논문의 목적은 공장의 생산능력을 만족시키면서 제품의 공장별 생산 비용, 재고 비용, 공장 간 물류 비용을 최소화 시키는 생산 계획을 수립하는 문제의 해를 구하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 글로벌 SCM 네트워크를 정의하고, 주어진 네트워크의 생산 계획문제를 혼합 정수 계획법을 이용하여 모델링한다. 효과적으로 문제를 해결하기 위해 계산 시간면에서 효율적인 발견적 기법을 제안하고 실험을 통해 해법의 성능을 검증한다. This paper presents a production planning algorithm for minimizing the costs of production and distribution in Global SCM(Supply Chain Management) environments. In the Global SCM environment, the several local plants produce parts and products. In this environment, we have to decide the production volumes of both parts and products considering the BOM(Bill-Of-Material) structure to meet the fixed order quantity or forecasted demand quantity. Each plant produces the specified parts of product and has a certain production capacity. There exist a fixed production lead time to make products and transportation lead time to move parts to different plants for subsequent processes. The objective of this study is to solve the production planning problem, which minimizes the total costs of production, inventory, and transportation under constraints of production capacity. For this problem, the integrated production planning model was formulated as a mixed integer programming, and an efficient heuristic algorithms was proposed. The experimental investigation shows that the proposed heuristic generates quite good solutions at very low computation costs.

소의 늑골에서 탈회정도와 노출시간에 따른 프랙탈 차원의 변화

정연화,나경수,조봉혜 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.2

Purpose : We evaluated the fractal dimension changes on bovine rib radiographs according to the decalcification degree and the exposure time in the bovine rib. Materials and Methods : Twenty 5 mm thick cross-sectional blocks from bovine rib bone were progressively decalcified in 30 mL 0.1 N hydrochloric acid for 5, 30, and 90 minutes. They were radiographed at three exposure time settings (0.22, 0.36, 0.43 mAs) before and after each decalcification stage. We selected 100×100 pixel-sized regions of interests (ROIs) on trabecular bone and calculated fractal dimensions by box-counting method. Results : Repeated measures ANOVA showed that fractal dimensions gradually decreased after acid-induced demineralization and with more exposure (P<0.001). Conclusion : The fact that fractal dimensions decrease after decalcification might support the hypothesis that patients with osteoporosis have decreased radiographic fractal dimension in trabecular bone in comparison to normal subjects.

지방산 유지 원료에 따른 고형비누의 특성에 관한 연구

정명선,배한수,이봉연,민경혜,류덕환 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The experimental results on the washing efficiency of detergent made from corn oil, wasted cooking oil and pig fat oil are as follows ; Laundry factors in this experiment are detergent concentration, laundry temperature and laundry time. 1.The surface tension of each detergent showed the lowest in 0.2% concentration corn oil 60.84, wasted cooking oil 61.11, pig fat oil 60.73dyne/cm. 2.The wasthing efficiency based on different concentration of detergents showed the highest in 0.2% concentration. 3.The highest washing efficiency appeared in 0.2% concentration 40℃ temperature and 40~50 min. time. There showed no difference in the washing efficiency according to the volume of water. It can be said that the frictional force of bearing rather than the volume of water worked on the efficiency.

택지개발지구내 도시공원의 분포특성에 관한 연구

김수봉,정응호,김정환,류지원 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

To generate a suggestion for a better framework especially the distribution and locations of urban parks in residential areas, ‘residential site development districts’ in Daegu city were tested based on the community involvement and user’s demand for visting. Service-range, advantage and disadvantage in use derived from the locations of the parks in the districts were analyzed according to the concept of density,character assessment, structure in the distribution and locations. Suggestions to give residents more friendly surroundings with ’easy access’ and ’friendly characteristics of each parks’ are as follows; ⅰ) Although most of the tested sites are satisfying the legal criterion on the required level of size of urban parks in each district, there are big difficulties to have rich natural environment in the case of extensive size of residential sites due to too low applied-criterion(0.6㎡ per person) which is a minimum requirement. ⅱ) Although the rate of size of parks in the sites were gradually improved recently, the portion for each person had not improved at all. Therefore, it is needed that new detailed criteria in different level rooted in the character of individual sites such as population and characteristics of parks. ⅲ) Although the distance of parks is within the range of use, the locations are on the edge of sites and residential districts where is not on the everyday route. Therefore to give more easy accessibility, the urban parks in the residential sites should be located on the daily life route where is a more common area in future plans.