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Increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contributes to barrier dysfunction in aged skin
( Beom Jun Kim ),( Noo Ri Lee ),( Chung Hyeok Lee ),( Young Bin Lee ),( Solam Lee ),( Hyun Jee Hwang ),( Eunjung Kim ),( Eung Ho Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2
Background: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) converts inactive cortisone into cortisol, an active form, and is expressed by several tissues including the skin. Excessive active glucocorticoid (GC) deteriorates skin barrier function. Objectives: To find out if 11β-HSD1 affects on the barrier function in aged skin. Methods: We have performed human and in vivo studies. We measured cortisol in stratum corneum (SC) and oral epithelium of the elderly and young. Hairless mice were used for 11β-HSD1 immunohistochemistry staining of skin and measuring skin barrier function and serum cytokines. 11β-HSD1 knock-out (KO) mice and its wild-type were used for measuring lipid synthesis related enzyme. Results: Cortisol levels were elevated in SC and oral epithelium of the elderly rather than young. The 11β -HSD1 expression was increased in immunohistochemistry stain of aged mice skin. Aged mice showed decreased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and SC hydration, and increased SC integrity than young. Serum inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α, -4, -10, -31 and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased in aged mice than young. The expressions of lipid synthesis related enzymes in epidermis were elevated in KO mice and topical 11β -HSD1 inhibitor applied mice. Conclusion: 11β-HSD1 expression is elevated in aged skin. It increases active GC and then deteriorates skin barrier function.
흡연자와 비흡연자의 타액에서 코티닌 정량 및 ETS 노출량 평가
임흥빈,강영국,손형옥,이영구,문자영,이동욱 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-
This study was conducted to measure and compare the salivary cotinine concentration between smokers and nonsmokers, and to investigate the effect on the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) with housewives, living on an apartment of Korea. Saliva samples were taken from all volunteers and salivary cotinine was analyzed by a developed radioimmunoassay(RIA) method. The median salivary cotinine levels were 52.8±12.6 ng/ml and 44.6± 9.7 ng/ml in male smokers and in female ones, respectively, and they were 4.3±2.1 ng/ml and 2.9±3.1 ng/ml in male nonsmokers and in female ones, respectively. In addition, average salivary cotinine levels were 3.8±2.7 ng/ml in housewives from smoking homes and 2.4±2.4ng/ml in ones from nonsmoking homes. Results obtained from the analysis of salivary cotinine demonstrate that smokers had a significantly higher concentration of salivary cotinine than nonsmoker. But, there was no significant difference in the salivary cotinine concentration for housewives living in apartment between with smoking husband and with nonsmoking husband.
강의 수소취화에 대한 국부영역에서의 수소의 거동(Ⅰ) : 지연파괴의 수소집적에 미치는 응력 및 소성변형의 영향
이영호,이진우,배명일,고준빈,이규천 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.1
Hydrogen embrittlement cause decrease of it's mechanical properties during hydrogen dissolved in steels. Many mechanisms of hydrogen concentration researches have done, but it is not clearly known yet. In this study the effect of plastic deformation and external stress on mechanism of hydrogen concentration by high temperature hydro-genation treatment were investigated. The main results are as follow : 1)For short time fracture process, a defect rate of chemical potential energy is an important factor on hydrogen concentration for delayed fracture of steel processed with high temperature hydrogen. 2)For long time fracture process, the important element is long range diffusion of hydrogen due to the rate of effective hydrogen density and plastic deformation. 3)hydrogen concentration as plastic deformation vary in proportion to slope of plastic deformation. 4)Hydrogen concentration due to the effect of external stress, but this effect is limited in short range. 5)External stress is an acceleration element for delayed fracture of steel.
이영빈 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-
This Study is concerned on PCF's(Parti Communiste Franc¸ais) roles of the study on Marxism through Henri Lefebvre's works between 1920sand 1930s. I think that PCF became one of the most influential parties in the middle of 20th century France owing to many intellectuals including Lefebvre. This phenomenon is very special in the west of the 20th century. Many scholars characterized PCF as the concept of centre-socie´te. The policy of centre-socie´te was made for bolchevization in 1924. This concept included that PCF had to be changed as the revolutionary party and the preliminary stage of the socialist society. And everyday life of the people in the party had to be controlled. Particularly, the intellectuals and the thought had been controlled tightly. As a result, it had been said that there was no creative studies of Marxism in PCF. But PCF can not be characterized as centre-socie´te´ all the time, PCF had changed policies of intellectuals from contolling to liberalizing. PCF had offered the intellectual liberty from 1932 to 1939. As a result, the studies of marxism blossom in PCF of 1930s. Henri Lefebvre entered to PCF in 1928 and had played an active role for thirty years. Lefebvre had studied on the humanistic version of the marxism and the social theory of the critique of everyday life during1930s as a philosopher. And he is viewed as one of the most excellent theorist of the French marxists in 20th century. Lefebvre had studied on the special topics, alienation and every day life and fascism. He thought that Nazism(Fascism)'was not explained by the theory of Stalinism but the theory of the critique of everyday life. PCF as conte-socie´te´ did not occur until 1949 for the life of Lefebvre.
색상 측정 기기를 이용한 복합레진 적층 수복과 단일 수복의 색상 비교 분석
송영상,김자현,이빈나,장지현,장훈상,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.2
Objectives: This study analyzed the difference in color caused by different thickness in enamel layer of composite resins when applied with single and layering placement technique, and evaluated if the results agreed with the shade guide from the manufacturers to verify reliability of the color matching process of the manufacturers. Materials and Methods: For single composite resin samples, 6 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness cylindrical samples were fabricated using Ceram-X mono (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and CIE L*a*b* values were measured with spectrophotometer. Same process was done for layering compositie resin samples, making 3 dentinal shade samples, 4 mm thickness, for each shade using Ceram-X duo (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and enamel shade resins were layered in 2 mm thickness and CIE L*a*b* values were measured. These samples were ground to 0.2 mm thickness each time, and CIE L*a*b* values were measured to 1 mm thickness of enamel shade resin. Results: Color difference (△E*) between single and layering composite resin was 1.37 minimum and 10.53 maximum when layering thicknesses were between 1 mm and 2 mm and 6 out of 10 same shade groups suggested by manufacturer showed remarkable color difference at anythickness (△E* > 3.3). Conclusion: When using Ceram-X mono and duo for composite resin restoration, following the manufacturer's instructions for chossing the shade is not appropriate, and more accurate information for Ceram-X duo is needed on the variation and expression of the shades depending on the thickness of the enamel. (Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(2):84-89)
프랑스 파시즘에 대한 一考 : 1930年代 大企業家들과 관련하여
李英嬪 湖南大學校 1990 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.11 No.1
This article deals with the relationship between French fascism and big businessman that have developed in 1930’s. This problem makes a great point of understanding the structure of fascism. Especially, theorists of Marxism have made a lot of researches based upon their theories. Marxist’s argument can be as follows, ‘Fascism is a reactive ideology that bourgeoise class have made to keep their own economic order under monopolist capitalism ... the last step in economic structure of capitalism, and is a big businessmen's simple manipulation.’ This article investigates two problems with relation to this argumentation. Firstly, it investigates motives that big businessmen should take part in French fascism. Secondly, it investigates the social structure of French fascists that Marxists argue that French fascism was manipulated by big businessmen. In study methodology, this article considerates big businessmen's responses to 1930's foreign policy, particularily to the attitudes on fascist nation (Germany, Italy) and Soviet. Because that foreign policy was composed under the situation of ideology opposition - democracy, communism, fascism -, their pro-fascist and anti-soviet's attitude had meant the accommodation of fascism. In conclusion, firstly, the motive that big businessmen took part in fascism was not economic, but the tradition of politics and ideology developed since French Revolution. Secondly, we can see that fascism is not big businessmen's monopolies, but is the work of every right-way political parties sharing traditions in French fascist construction. Therefore, the characteristics of French fascism can not be explained by the social and economical theories of Marxism, and rather French politics and ideological traditions should be investigated.
이기환,오제직,최석남,박병빈,이태호,김영유 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1
p-type α-SiC(4H, 6H, 15R polytype)를 사용하여 다공질 실리콘(porous silicon; PS)의 제작방법과 유사하게 HF/H₂O/C₂H??OH 용액에서 전기화학적으로 에칭을 하여 광발광 특성을 가지는 다공질 실리콘 카바이드(porous silicon carbide; PSC)를 제작하였다. PSC의 다공질의 분포는 전류밀도가 증가할수록 증가하고 다공질의 크기는 감소하였으며 광발광(photoluminescence; PL) 스펙트럼의 분석을 통해 전극 표면에서의 산화반응은 공급되는 전자의 양과 전류밀도에 의존하며 전류밀도가 증가할수록 전극의 산화반응은 억제된다는 결과를 얻었다. Porous silicon carbide(PSC) having photoluminescence(PL) can be prepared by a technique very similar to that used in porous silicon preparation, by electrochemical etching of crystalline p-type α-SiC(4H, 6H, 15R polytype) in ?? solution. The results show that porous distribution increase with increasing of the current densities while pore size decrease with that. Through the PL spectra analysis anodic oxidation of electrode surface was dependent on the amount of provided electrons and the current densities and inhibited with increasing of the current densities.