STUDIES ON IMMUNOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF METHAMPHETAMINE (MA) IN Balb/C MICE II. The Functional Alteration of Effector Cells in Immune System

Lim, Chae-Woong,Rim, Byung-Moo,Lee, Ho-Il,Kim, Sang-Ho Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.1

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

好氣性 固定床 生物膜 反應槽의 메디아로 폐칫솔의 利用可能性 檢討에 관한 基礎硏究 : 처리효율을 중심으로

임채영,김정권,성낙창,신남철,김형석,전기일 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility to apply the waste toothbrush to aerobic fixed biofilm reactor for media. The media used for this research was waste toothbrush (WTB) and Pall-Ring. The feed used for this research was synthetic wastewater which was made at the laboratory. The COD, NH₄^(+)- N and PO₄^(-3)-P removal efficiency variations with the organic loading rate was examined at this research. The conclusions drawn from these experiments are listed below : 1. When the influent COD concentration was respectively 300mg/ℓ, 600mg/ℓ, the COD removal efficiency was decreased with the increase of the organic loading rate and the COD removal efficiency for Pall-Ring was higher than the COD removal efficiency was 0.4~1.9%. 2. When the influent NH₄^(+)-N concentration was respectively 13mg/ℓ (COD 300mg/ℓ), 25mg/ℓ (COD 600mg/ℓ ), the NH₄^(+)-N removal efficiency for Pall-Ring was slightly higher than the NH₄^(+)-N removal efficiency for Wastetooth brush. The difference of NH₄^(+)-N removal efficiency was about 0.5~1.5%. 3. When the influent PO₄^(-3)-P concentration was respectively 7mg/ℓ (COD 300mg/ℓ), 14mg/ℓ (COD 600mg/ℓ ), the PO₄^(-3)-P removal efficiency for Pall-Ring was higher than the PO₄^(-3)-P removal efficiency for Wastetooth brush. The difference of PO₄^(-3)-P removal efficiency was about 1.1~2%. 4. COD, NH₄^(+)-N and PO₄^(-3)-P removal efficiencies show very small difference between Pall-Ring and Wastetooth brush as media. So it was showed that wastetooth brush can be used as media very successfully.

말초혈액에서 Tg mRNA에 대한 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법의 갑상선 재발암의 분자생물학적 진단

권성일,박기룡,김현영,신채희,임영찬,최영식,박요한,이강대,장희경,이재화,염하용 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.4

연구배경: 갑상선암은 다른 조직에 발생한 암에 비해 비교적 천천히 자라므로 대부분 예후가 양호하지만, 일부에서는 주위 조직으로 침윤하거나 혹은 원격 전이로 인하여 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 갑상선전절제술 및 131^I 제거술 후 경과 관찰시 갑상선암의 재발과 전이의 진단에 있어 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg의 측정이 현재 임상에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있으나 이 방법에는 여러 가지의 결점이 있다. 최근 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법을 이용한 여러 연구결과는 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 측정의 결점을 보완할 수 있는 좋은 보조적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하였다. 이에 말초혈액에서 측정한 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법이 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무의 진단에 유용한가를 알아보고자 이 연구 시행하였다. 방법: 분화된 갑상선암으로 진단된 후 갑상선전절제술을 시행받고 방사성요드 치료를 받은 환자 중 현재까지 한차례에 이상 추적 방사성요드 전신 스캔을 시행하고 추적관찰이 가능했던 유두선암 35예, 여포선암 5예를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 대상군은 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군(Group Ⅰ), 잔여조직이 있는 군(Group Ⅱ), 국소전이가 있는 군(Group Ⅲ), 및 원격전이 군(Group Ⅳ)으로 구분하였다. 정상 대조군은 갑상선질환이 없는 10예의 건강인으로 하였다. 대상환자의 말초혈액을 이용한 Tg mRNA에 대해 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행하였다. 결과: 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군 21예 중 1예에서 Tg가 양성소견을 보였다. Anti Tg Ab가 양성인 4예 모두 Tg가 음성을 보였다. 잔여조직이 있거나 국소전이 및 원격전이를 보인 군 19예 중 Tg가 양성인 경우는 4예였으나, Tg mRNA는 전예에서 양성이었다. 2) 131^I 스캔에서 국소 및 원격전이 소견을 보인 8예 중 4예에서 Tg가 음성으로 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 사이에 불일치 소견을 보였다. 3) 말초혈액에서 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행한 결과 대상군 40예 및 정상 대조군 10예 모두에서 Tg mRNA가 양성을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무를 평가함에 있어 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법을 이용한 Tg mRNA 측정의 의의는 재평가되어야 한다고 생각된다. Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Despite advances in the treatment of thyroid cancer, disease recurrence and metastasis may occur in as many as 20% of patients, and so continues to pose major problems in its clinical management. Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements, by immunoassay, are used to detect residual or recurrent thyroid cancer following thyriod ablation. However, the usefulness of immunoassay is limited by both the requirement for thyroid hormone withdrawal, to attain optimal test sensitivity, and interference by the antithyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg Ab). Recent studies have reported the clinical usefulness of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of Tg mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We performed this study to evaluated the usefulness RT-PCR of Tg mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid carcinoma following a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy. Methods: Forty cases that underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy were included in this study. Of the 40 patients, 35 were papillary carcinomas and 5 were follicular carcinomas. Ten normal control subjects were also studied. Tg mRNA was extracted. Then RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, were run with specific Tg primers. Concurrently, DNA sequencing of the isolates was carried out to prove the isolates were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Tg. Results: The Tg was detected in 4 of 19 patients, with either a residual thyroid bed, or metastasis, on a 131^I whole body scan and in 1 of 21 patients with a negative radioiodine scan. Surprisingly, the Tg mRNA was detected in all the patients and normal controls. Conclusion: From our results we can not recommend Tg mRNA, detected by RT-PCR in peripheral blood, as a tumor marker superior to that of the Tg serum level. We consider an intensive re-evaluation of the method is required before considering its clinical applications (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:501∼513, 2002).

前腕部 經穴 取穴에서 骨度分寸法과 一夫法의 比較 硏究

박히준,채윤병,차웅석,박종배,이혜정,이향숙,인창식,고형균,김수영,최일환,김강식,문정배,배기태,유경환,육근영,정병주,손인철,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Background : The cun measurement System, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and Small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height.

한국과 일본의 초등학교 교사 양성체제에 관한 비교 연구 : 초등학교 과학교사를 중심으로

김재영,임채성,김경호,김남일,권치순,松本伸示 서울교육대학교 2003 한국초등교육 Vol.14 No.2

In this study, preparation system for elementary school science teacher in Korea and Japan was compared and analyzed. The study is composed of two parts. In the first part, the science curricula for elementary schools of the two nations were compared, and in the second part the preparation systems for teacher were compared. The results are as follows: First, the instructional hours allotted to science in Korea is higher than those of Japan. That is, while in Korea 102 instructional hours are allotted to science in every grade from 3rd to 6th grades, in Japan 70 hours are allotted in 3rd grade to 95 hours in 6th grade. Second, the science teacher-preparation systems of the two nations are differ manly in the courses provided to prospective elementary teacher. In Korea, the system is managed in purposeful, unified, and closed type, while in Japan the system is operated in several types, including parallel, integrative, connection of the undergraduate and graduate levels, and open types. Especially, in Korea the prospective teachers take subjects through relatively straightforward way which lacks of more specialized courses, and in Japan the courses are divided into three ways. including more specialized course for specific areas such as social science and science. which enable the prospective teachers to take the course on their decisions. Additionally, the areas of educational practices are more specifically divided in Japan. These results may have important implications for the preparation of able teachers for elementary science and improvement of quality of science instruction at schools.

볼엔드밀 가공시 이송변화에 따른 가공형상 특성

왕덕현,김원일,이윤경,임채열,우정윤,박창수 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Due to the development of the CNC machine tool and CAM software, sculptured surface machining can be broadly used in die and mold industries and ball end milling process is often used for the sculptured surface machining. It is found out how feedrate affects the precision of the machining and also tried to study the most suitable feedrate in specific cutting condition. Two eddy current sensors were used for measuring tool deflections of X, Y axis, dynamometer for cutting force and roundness tester for roundness. It was found that the tool deflection is getting better as tool path is going to farther from the center of convex surface. The reason is that the cutting force is increased as the tool approaches to the center. Examining the roundness, cutting force and tool deflection characteristics, it was found that the most suitable feedrate is 90mm/min in convex surface and 120mm/min in concave surface.

Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory indicators in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by extract prepared from <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> cambial meristematic cells

Jang, Sun-Hee,Lee, Eun Kyung,Lim, Min Jung,Hong, Nam Ju,Oh, Il Seok,Jin, Young Woo,Jeong, Han-Sol,Jeong, Yong-Seob,Lee, Jeong-Chae,Jang, Yong-Suk Informa Healthcare 2012 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.50 No.4

<P><I>Context</I>: <I>Ginkgo biloba</I> L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaves have been used as an herbal medicine that has a complex range of biological activities. However, when we consider that biological activity of plant extracts is highly variable according to the source, location, and harvest season, technology to obtain the natural products with homogeneity is extremely important.</P><P><I>Objective</I>: We established the technology to obtain the cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) of <I>Ginkgo biloba</I>, which were expanded <I>in vitro</I> with homogeneity through a suspension culture and then determined the anti-inflammatory activity of fractionated samples prepared from the ethanol extract of CMCs.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of samples using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Especially, influence of sample treatment on the expression of various indicators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, transcription factor, and cytokines, involved in inflammatory activity was assessed.</P><P><I>Results</I>: A fractionated sample demonstrated 53.4% inhibition of LPS-induced NO production from the cells. Additionally, when fractionated samples were treated, iNOS and COX-2 expressions were almost completely suppressed. Fractionated samples also inhibited the phosphorylation of LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) and p38 MAP kinases more than 60%. IκB phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were also suppressed by fractionated samples. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was significantly inhibited by the sample treatment.</P><P><I>Discussion and conclusion</I>: Fractionated samples from the ethanol extract of <I>Ginkgo biloba</I> CMCs could potentially be the source of a powerful anti-inflammatory substance.</P>

열산화된 알루미늄이 첨가된 Tin black filter를 가지는 메탄센서

권오식,황숙이,심창현,임채근,방영일,김봉철,허증수,류기홍,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

배추 시스테인 단백질 분해 효소 억제 유전자 BCPI-1의 발현과 종자 발아 및 유묘 생장과의 연관성

홍준기,이은영,김정률,양경애,최영주,정우식,김호일,윤대진,이상열,조무제,임체오 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Phytocystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family that have been identified in both monocot and dicot plants. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin, BCPI-1 (Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1) has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds. Here, we tested whether BCPI-1 transcription is regulated by hormones, and could be involved in regulating cysteine proteinases during and after germination. BCPI-1 was sensitive to exogenous GA_(3) and ABA, which are important factors controlling seed germination, suggesting that the expression of BCPI-1 is hormonally regulated. We introduced a recombinant plasmid containing the full-length BCPI-1 cDNA under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice embryogenic calli using the particle delivery method, and regenerated a number of transgenic rice plants. Constitutively over-expressed BCPI-1 caused changes in overall plant growth and development, including reduced germination and seedling growth. These data support the role of the BCPI-1 in the regulation of endogenous proteinases during both seed germination and subsequent seedling development. Phylocystatins은 papain계열의 cysteine 단백질 분해 효소 활성을 특이적으로 억제하는 억제자로 다양한 식물 종으로부터 분리되었다. 본고에서는, 배추 화아 cDNA library로부터 분리된 phytocystatin인 BCPI-1(Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1)의 생체 내 기능에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, BCPI-1 전사체는 발아 조절에 중요한 영향을 미치는 GA₃와 ABA에 의해 예민하게 증가, 혹은 감소되는 반응을 보임으로써, BCPI-1이 식물 호르몬의 영향을 받으며, 특히 발아나 유묘의 생장 조절에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Particle bombardment 방법을 통하여 BCPI-1을 벼의 배 형성 세포 내에 도입, 재분화 시켜 형질 전환 벼를 생성하였다. CaMV 35S promoter의 조절에 의해 지속적인 BCPI-1 발현을 보이는 형질 전환 벼의 경우, 발아와 유묘 생장이 현저히 지연되었다. 위의 결과들을 바탕으로, BCPI-1이 식물체 내에서 생성되는 cysteine 계열의 단밸질 분해 효소 활성을 조절하여 종자의 발아와 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측한다.

Session K : Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Expression : CHAPERONE EFFECTS INDUCED BY CLONING OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI dnak groEL GENES IN E . COLI

Chae Il Lim,Chi Kyung Kim 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 1993 추계학술대회집 Vol.- No.-