Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

동물과 사람유래 Vancomycin 내성 장구균의 항균제 감수성 비교

조윤상,이희수,김종만,류판동,박용호,유한상,이문한 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

It has been recently reported the possibility in the bansfer of antimicrobial resistance to other animals and humans. In particular, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), which have been known as a principal antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans, have been increased as a pathogen of nosocomial infections. And then animal VRE were suspected as an origin of human VRE. In this study, we isolated Enterococcus spp. from animals, identified by bio- chemical tests, examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, and then compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of VRE among each other as well as human VRE. Enterococcus iecium (29%) was predominant in Enterococcus species (n=122) isolated from animal feces in this study. E. hirae, E. iecalis, E. casseliflam and E. gallinarum were also isolated as rates of 24%, 21%, 16% and 7%, respectively. The resistance of enterococci to penicillin and tetracycline were 66% and 78%, respectively, and the susceptibility of them to chloramphenicol was 66%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test has shown that 91% of VRE from humans (n=11) was susceptible to chloramphenicol and all resistant to penicillin, rifampin and streptomycin. Seventy-five percentage of VRE from chickens (n = 12) was susceptible to rifampin and resistances of them to penicillin, tetracycline and sbeptomycin were 75%, 83%, and l00%, respectively. Therefore, we confirmed the difference of antimicrobial susceptibility from animals and humans, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test could be one of the simple and useful methods for the epidemiological survey of VRE.

비동맥류성 자발성 지주막하 출혈을 예측할 수 있는 뇌전산화 단층촬영 소견

조용은,허승곤,서정호,이규창 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.5

Fourty-seven patients with non-aneurysmal spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were reviewed retrospectively. Attention was directed to the distribution and amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage on computerized tomography scans. Though the hemorrage could be distributed in all cisterns, the frequency and amount of hemorrhage were higher in infratentorial cisterns than in supratentorial cisterns. Among infratentorial cisterns, the hemorrhage was distributed to cisterns around the brainstem mainly and it had a predilection for interpeduncular cistern. Also the telangiectasia of thalamoperforating artery might be one of the causes of non-aneurysmal spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

충주댐 상류의 수질예측에 관한 연구

趙容璡,李元鎬 忠州大學校 1994 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.29 No.2

The water quality models for efficient water quality management as a part of various environmental protection projects are frequently used. QUAL2E model was calibrated to a set of field data acquired in the upstream of ChungJu Dam and sensitivity analysis was performed by changing model parameter and variables, and the future water quality was predicted. According to the result of prediction, the upstream of ChungJu Dam is classified as the 1th category by the environmental criteria of river and lake. In order to keep water resource clean, it is needed to decrease influent pollutant loading of the upstream of the chungju dam.

석유 탈황용 미생물 분리 및 디젤유에 대한 탈황능 평가

조경숙,류희욱,장호남,장용근,장제환,손호용 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

석유 탈황을 위한 생물 촉매 개발 및 이를 사용하는 생물학적 공정에 관한 연구의 일환으로, DBT(Dibenzothiophene)를 모델 화합물로 선정하여, 국내 정유회사 주변의 윈유 누출 오염토양으로 부터 3개월간의 연속배양 및 집식배양을 통해 DBT를 효율적으로 탈황, 제거할 수 있는 60여종의 균주를 분리하였다. 선별된 균들 중 A23-3은 DBT를 유일황원으로 성장 가능하면서, 탄소원으로 hexadecane 은 이용하지 못하였으며, DBT의 포도당을 포함한 기본염 최소 배지에서 만족할 만한 속도로 DBT로 탈황하였다. 또, yeast extract나 trace metal solution을 첨가한 경우 DBT 제거속도는 약 4.5-6.5배 정도 증가하였다. 실제의 디젤유를 직접 처리한 경우, DBT 제거속도는 0.045g DBT/g-cell·hr이었다. 특히, 이 경우, DBT이외의 C₁₄ 이상의 heavy aromatic 화합물의 제거도 효율적으로 이루어짐을 알수 있었다. 따라서 A23-3 균주는 저유황, 저방향족 청정 디젤유 생산에 매우 유용하게 이용되리라 사료된다. For the development of biocatalysis and processes for microbial desulfurization of petroleum, more than 60 microbial strains capable DBT(Dibenzothiophene) degradation were isolated from oil-polluted soils through 3 months of continuous and enrichment cultures. Among them, A23-3 strain could grow on DBT as the only sulfur source, while hexadecane was not utilized as a carbon source. The rate of desulfurizaton b A23-3 in a DBT-glucose medium was satisfactory. The addition of yeast extract or trace metal solution accelerated the rate of desulfurization about 4.5-6.4 times. In case of actual diesel oil treatment, the specific rate of DBT degradation was 0.045g-DBT per g-cell·hour. A number of aromatic compounds heavier than C₁₄ in diesel oil were also degraded by A23-3 strain was evaluated as a good catalyst for the production of low-sulfur, low-aromatic clean diesel oil.

Computer Simulation을 이용한 활성슬러지 공정의 해석

조용진,이호식 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Mathematical models have been developed to understand and optimize the activated sludge process. In this study, IAWPRC model No. 1 and McKinney model were used to evaluate to activated sludge process. The biokinetic and stoichiometric coefficients were calibrated and verified and then compared of IAWPRC model No. 1 with McKinney model. In addition, biological nutrient removal process - Anaerobic/Oxic(A/O), Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic(A2/O), Modified University of Cape Town(MUCT) - was simulated using of ENBIR program based on IAWPRC model No. 1. The comparison of IAWPRC model Ne.1 and McKinney model showed that two models almost similar in concept. Also the result of computer simulation - using of biokinetic and stoichiometric coefficients and influent wastewater characteristics - represented that the measured value was closed to those simulate result. As that result, suggested method by this study can be applied to activated sludge process analysis.