프로와 아마추어 골퍼의 미들 아이언 스윙에 관한 근전도 분석

박종율,박범영 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.2

J. R. PARK, B. Y. PARK. The analysis of Electromyograhpy during Professional & Amateur Golfer's Iron Swing. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 167-178, 2004. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the selected electromyographical muscle activities of trunk and hip during Professional and Amateur golfer's Iron swing. Using surface electromyography, we evaluated muscle activities in 6 male professional golfers and 6 male amateur golfers during the golf iron swing. Surface electrodes were used to record the level of muscle activity in the right abdominal oblique, left abdominal oblique, right erector spinae, left erector spinae, right rectus abdominis, left rectus abdominis, right gluteus maximus, left gluteus maximus muscles during the golfer's swing. These signals were compared with IEMG(Integrated EMG) which was normalized by %RVC(Reference voluntary contraction). The golf swing was divided into three phases: take away, forward swing-acceleration, follow-through. We observed patterns of trunk muscle activity throughout three phases of the golf swing. The results can be summarized as follows: LES(Left Erector spinae) had statistically significant difference in take away and forward swing-acceleration phases. It was showed no significant difference in follow-through phase.

청소년의 여가활동 실태 및 만족도 분석

박용범,이재형,조병만 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the various Education policies which can improve the problems after understanding the actual situation of the leisure activities of the middle school students, surveying and diagnosing the consciousness about the leisure activities, and analyzing problems. As for the subjects of tills study, the middle students who are currently enrolled in Y middle school in Suwon, Kyung-ki-do was selected as the population, and then totally 450 students were selected as the samples after the random sampling, The research subjects were totally 434 students who answered the survey among those 450 students. The survey papers which contain the ailing or unfaithful answers and contents among the total 434 students were excluded from this study. Therefore, the actual subject people who were applied to this study were totally 420 students. The sexual composition of the subject people are 24 male students(57.6%) and 178 female students(42.4%), and the male students have the a little higher rate than the female students. For the analysis of the data, in this study the frequencies analysis, cross analysis, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA were used as the useful statistical technique, the scheffe method was executed. At this time, the meaningful standard was analyzed after setting up as α=0.5. Through the above mentioned research method and course and based upon the produced research result, the following conclusion was induced. Firstly, the result of the analysis about the time of the leisure activities of the young people showed that the 120 students(28.6%) answered average under 2 or 3 hours to the question that how long leisure time per day you have, and this is the most frequent answers, and 105 students(25%) answered under 1 or 2 hours, Thus, the leisure time of the middle school students was surveyed as average under 2 or 3 hours per day and this was over 53.6%, and it was demonstrated that the students and young people were not active and emotional, and also enjoying the inactive and monotonous leisure activities because of the burden due to the time caused by the excessive studies and preparation for the entrance examination. Secondly, when seen through the analysis result of the actual condition of the leisure activities of the young people, it was known that there is the trend that the leisure activities of the young people are made up of the individual(houses of relatives, private educational institution), and merrymaking(cafe, billiard hall, bowling hall, karaoke room, and video-watching room) events. Thirdly, in case of the place for the leisure activities, it was shown that the female students enjoyed 'Library, municipal cultural center', 'cafe', 'karaoke, video-watching room', 'window shopping, street sightseeing', 'bookshop', 'cultural enjoyment', and 'private educational institution' rather than the male students did, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). In the other hand, the male students enjoyed 'athletic facility', 'billiard hall, bowling hall', 'juvenile group', 'amusement facility, cartoon room, PC room' rather than the female students, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). According to each the grade, in case of the 1st grade showed that they stayed 97 minutes in the karaoke and video watching room, and 94 minutes in the window shopping and street sightseeing, and 106 minutes in the amusement facility, and 21 minutes in the bookshop, and in case of 2nd grade, they were shown that they stayed 64 minutes in the reading room, and 35 minutes in the billiard room and bowling room, and lastly in case of 3rd grade, they were shown that they stayed 51 minutes in the instant food store and 247 minutes in the private educational institution. In case of the contact time with the mass media, there was no difference in the activities such as 'printing media such as the news papers and magazines', 'watching TV, but there was the meaningful difference according to the sexual distinction in the time for 'listening the radio', and 'using computer' statistically(p<.05). When concretely examined, the female student had average 34 minutes for listening the radio, and this is over 13 minutes than the male students whereas the male students spent 129 minutes in 'computer', and this is 37 minutes more than that of the female.

이면성 및 도플러 심초음파도를 이용하여 진단한 선천성 거대 좌회선지-좌심실 관동맥루

진승원,박준철,이영중,유병현,박현옥,김용주,윤호중,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Elderly: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Treatment Efficacy, Safety in Older than 75 Years

( Ji Ho Seo ),( Sunmin Kim ),( Eunae Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sun Young Park ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Rew ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The number of elderly patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing because the increase in the longevity of the general population. But there is no proper management based on age stratification in elderly patients. We compared clinical characteristics, outcomes and treatment efficacy, safety between oldest-old (aged more than 85 years), middle-old (aged between 80 and 85 years) and young-old (aged between 75 and 80 years) patients with HCC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, from January 2010 to December 2016, at Chonnam National University Hospital. A total of 550 elderly patients whose data included demographics, co-morbidity, etiology of liver disease, presence of cirrhosis, staging of HCC, treatment modality and treatment related adverse event were evaluated retrospectively. Also overall survival was assessed in enrolled patient. Results: Fifty one patients (oldest-old; median 87 years old), 153 patients (middle-old; median 82 years old) and 346 patients (young-old; median 77 years old) were diagnosed with HCC. Both oldest- and middle-old patients, compared to young-old patients had significantly lower rate of alcohol-related disease (13.7% vs 20.9% vs 34.1%, P = 0.001). There were no significant difference in underlying sex, body mass index, presence of co-morbidity, hepatitis C-related disease and stage of HCC. The Child-Pugh class (CPT class A 88.9% vs 84.1% vs 83.6%, CPT class B 11.1% vs 15.9% vs 15.0% and CPT class C 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.912) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (mean MELD score 7.22±3.34 vs 5.88±3.01 vs 5.77±3.14, P = 0.166) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. The modified UICC staging (stage I 5.6% vs 17.1% vs 18.6%, stage II 55.6% vs 46.3% vs 47.3%, Stage III 22.2% vs 24.4% vs 24.8%, Stage IV-A 11.1% vs 6.1% vs 4.9% and Stage IV-B 5.6% vs 6.1% vs 4.4%, respectively, P = 0.826) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging (stage 0 5.6% vs 9.8% vs 9.3%, stage A 16.7% vs 17.1% vs 22.1%, stage B 27.8% vs 29.3% vs 24.8%, stage C 50.0% vs 43.9% vs 41.2% and stage D 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 2.7%, respectively, P = 0.878) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. Furthermore, there were no difference between the age groups in treatment modality (Surgical resection 0.0% vs 3.3% vs 5.2%, P = 0.166; Radiofrequency ablation 2.0% vs 8.5% vs 11.0%, P=0.113; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization 21.6% vs 34.6% vs 41.6%, P=0.014; Best supportive care 62.7% vs 40.5% vs 29.2%, P < 0.001), adverse event related treatment (P = 0.731) and disease-free survival days (329 .3±309.1 days vs 271.7 ± 414.2 days vs 357.2 ± 511.6 days, P = 0.336). Multivariate analysis showed that age, performance status, CTP class, MELD score, modified UICC staging, presence of portal vein thrombosis and ruptured HCC are risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Clinician should make an active treatment in elderly patients with HCC not a age but performance status, liver function and disease status of cancer.

뇌파기술훈련이 골프선수의 경기성과에 미치는 영향

박범영,왕석우,신학수 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The Purpose of this study is to suggest the effectively Psychological Program that compare and analyze the Player's Psychological condition and Athletic Accomplishment among EEG feedback training for 8 weeks on golf Player. The subjects of this study were 16 golf Player, and separated 2 Group. They have examined Golf Rounding test(Driving Accuracy. Green in Regulation, Putting, Score) at pre and post. For the statistical test. the Paired t-test and independent t-test were conducted. The results of the study are as follows. The EEG feedback training group was significantly differences in Driving Accuracy,(t=-8.871, P<.001) Putting(t=2.333, P<.05) and Score(t=4.117, P<.001), also the Control group was significantly differences in Green in Regulation(t=-5.978, P<.001) and Score(t= 2.516, P<.05). But the EEG feedback training group was not significantly differences in Green in Regulation(t= -1.338, P>.05). also the Control group was not significantly in Driving Accuracy(t=-2.290, P>.05) and Putting(t=-1.413, P>.05).

중금속이 애기장대의 생장과 종자발아에 미치는 영향

박영숙,박종범 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead and chrome) on the growth of plant and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with various concentrations of heavy metals. Cadmium and chrome among the 4 heavy metals had no effect on the growth of stem even in the concentration fifty times higher than the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust notified by the Ministry of Environment. The official standard concentration of cadmium, however, stimulated the growth of stem in general, increasing leaf size and surface area, although it had no effect on the length of stem. But the growth of stem was decreased about 18% in the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust of lead and copper. There was no growth of root in the concentration of lead and copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration. Cadmium and chrome had no effect on the seed germination, but lead and copper decreased the rate of seed germination. Seeds were not germinated in the concentration of copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration and in the concentration of lead fifty times higher than the official standard concentration. From this research three peculiar results were obtained. Chrome in the soil did not have much effect on the plant growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Cadmium stimulated the stem growth in an optimum concentration. But lead and copper reduced the plant growth and seed germination even in a small concentration, especially copper had the worse effect.

어머니의 양육행동과 취학전 아동의 친사회적 행동

박범혁,정영숙 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in maternal parenting behaviors and preschoolers' prosocial behavior according to social-demographic factors of family, and to identify the effect of maternal parenting behaviors on preschoolers' prosocial behavior. The subjects of this study were 173 preschool children (84 boys and 89 girls aged from 3- to 7-year old) and their mothers drawn from two kindergarten in Chung-ju. The pilot study was done to examine the applicability of a self-reported survey instrument for mothers and pictirial instrument for interviewing with children. Data were analyzed by the frequency, percentages, Cronbach acoefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation using SPSS WIN program. The results of this study as follows: 1) In the social demographic factors of family, differences in guidance and receptivity to emotions among maternal parenting behaviors according to the number of children, parent's schooling, and the time of spending with their mother were found. It appeared that mothers who had fewer children, more educated, and spent time more with children were likely to show the guidance and receptivity to emotions to their children. There were differences in interpersonal skill among prosocial behaviors according to mother's work status. 2) Mother's limit setting had affected on self-control and adjustment behavior at school among preschooler's prosocial behaviors. Also, mother's responsiveness was moderately correlated with children's prosocial behaviors. However, mother's guidance and receptivity did not show significant relationship with preschoolers' prosocial behaviors.

계지의 항염 효과에 관한 연구

박히준,이지숙,이재동,김남재,표지희,강전모,최일환,김수영,심범상,이제헌,임사비나 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objectives : Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR), the young twing of Cinnamomi loureirii nees, has been used for treating symptoms related to pain. rheumatic arthritis and inflammation in Korean herb medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR in vivo and in vitro. Methods : Extracts of CR were prepared and the chemical components of the extracts were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were administrated to the rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR. The expressions of nitric oxide (NO). prostaglandin E2(PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were also quantified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to survey the effect of CR in vitro. The main components were cinnamaldechyde and coumarin. Results : We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of the 80% ethanol extract of Cinnamomi Ramulus in vivo by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Maximum inhibition of 54.9% was noted at the dose of 1000㎎/㎏ after 2 hours of drug administration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and this showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions : The results showed that Cinnamomi Ramulus suppressed dose-dependently LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and also decreased iNOS protein expression. Cinnamomi Ramulus also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression.

그레꼬-로만형 競技時 Ground, Stand 技術의 內容分析

박현서,안길영,신범철 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1996 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this research was to analyze the content of 50 wrestling games in case of stand technique and ground technique. The subjects were 100 Greco-Roman style wrestlers classified by weight who took part in wrestling world championship match and korean championship selection match in 1994. The frequency of skill trial and skill success according to different weights and different weight classes(the light weight class, the middle weight class, and the heavy weight class) were recorded cumulatively in check-list form. Their mean and standard deviation(mean±SD) were calculated. χ² verification was applied to the frequency of significance items and one-way ANOVA to score and score rate. The results are as follows ; 1. Conclusion 1) The results of χ² and ANOVA verification had a significant difference among skill variants according to different weights (1) The mean and standard diviation and χ² verification of skill frequency shows that there is statistically significance in case of SS1(χ²=54.1) in stand technique and GS1(χ²=42.2) in ground technique. (2) in verification of skill success, only SS1 in stand technique shows statistically significance(x2=17.8), but ground technique shows no significance among different skills. (3) The ANOVA of 1 game scoring indicates that there are significance in case of SS1, SS2, SS5, SS7, SS8, SS9 in stand technique and GS2, GS4 in ground technique. (4) From ANOVA of success rates according to different skill types, it is showed that only GS4 shows statistical significance x2=20.0 in ground technique, but there is no significance among other skills in ground technique and among skills in stand technique. (5) In ANOVA of score rae according to skill types, SS1 in stand technique has statistically significance but ground technique shows no sigmificance among skills. These results indicate that score rate of stand technique is higer that of ground technique. (6) In verification of skill trial according to different skill classes(skills in stand technique and skills in ground technique), neither stand technique nor ground technique. (7) In verification of skill trial and success according to different skill classes, ghere is no significance between stand technique and ground technique. (8) ANOVA of scoring according to different sill classes also shows no significance between stand technique and ground technique. 2) The results of x2 and ANOVA verification of skill variants according to defferent weight classes(the light weight class, the middle weight class, and the heavy weigt class) (1) The verification of skill trial tells us that SS1(x2=16.7), SS2(x2=17.5) have statistically significance in case of stand technique and GS2(x2=23.4), Gs5(x2=12.83) in case of ground technique. (2) In ANOVA of skill trial, only SS1 in stand technique shows statistically significance but there is no significance among other skills in stand technique and among skills in stand technique. (3) In ANOVA of scoring accoding to skill types, SS1, SS2, SS5, SS7, SS8 show statistically significance in stand technique and GS2, GS5 in ground technique. (4) In verification of skill trial according to different skill classes(Skills in stand technique and skills in ground technique), there is no significance between stand technique and ground technique. (5) Verification of skill succes according to different skill classes shows no significance between stand technique and ground technique. (6) ANOVA of scoring according to different skill classes also shows no significance between stand technique and ground technique. 2. Suggestion 1) Score rates are higher in ground technique than in stand technique, so coaches should take it into cosideration when they distribute the two techniques. 2) Study about spiritual strength in terms of wrestling is required. 3) In skill coaching of Greco-Roman style Wrestling, it is suggested that coaches direct various skills by small skill-centred approach to get ground technique rather than high scoring by big skill-centred approach. 4) It is required to develop prograns that will characterize progessional weight and professional skills.