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박준철 한국독일사학회 2008 독일연구 Vol.- No.15
This article deals with the education of the young in Germany during the Lutheran Reformation. Philippe Ariès claimed that not until the late seventeenth century did children of Western Europe enjoy parental affection and a decent level of education. His assertion, based on massive research and a profound insight into the mentality of medieval and early modern parents, seems hardly applicable to the case of sixteenth-century Germany. In the 1520s Lutheran reformers encountered a series of unwelcomed accidents which revealed fallen discipline and widespread ignorance among the mass. By the mid-1520s the reformers came to the conclusion that without proper education the future of the reform movement would have failed. So began the so-called Second Phase of the Reformation. Attentive to the significance of the education of children, Lutheran reformers incessantly urged the secular authorities to establish schools where the young, they believed, would learn Protestant doctrines, academic subjects, and social ethics. Territorial princes and city councils willingly responded to reformers' appeal. A number of Latin and German schools were established throughout Lutheran regions, remarkably promoting children's learning and education. Child education was then virtually monopolized by secular authorities. They controlled almost all facets of school operation. Curricula, textbooks, and daily schedule were stipulated in detail in the school ordinances; capacity of masters and financial status were regularly checked by the visitors who were in turn responsible to the central governments. On the other hand, the new doctrine of 'salvation by faith alone' led to the rise of the pessimistic image of human beings and thereby drove the young to be obedient to the established order and rulers. Lutheran teachers and pastors inculcated on the young what they regarded as valuable Christian virtues: humbleness, acquiescence, passiveness, and obedience. In particular, the catechism instruction required in all Lutheran churches and schools played a leading role in indoctrinating the young mind with such traits. Civic authorities readily endorsed the educational endeavors of the reformers which contributed greatly to the rise of the modern state.
박준철,유승도,김정대,황경철,최준규 한국환경보건학회 2002 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2
This study was performed to investigate vibration generated from machines that were used at factories and construction works. Vibrations were measured at three points in a straight line based on distance from the vibration sources, and analyzed to assess the vibration bevels. The average vibration level of factory machines was 65.4dBV at 2m, and that of construction machines was 74.0dBV at 5m. Vibration attenuations was 4.0~8.2dBV by double distance. All such data were applied to gain coefficients of attenuation equations for predicting vibration level by distance from the vibration sources. Data recorded on tapes were analyzed to understand the characteristics of frequency because these characteristics are important factors to design a Plan for installing the vibration-Proof devices. Finally, considering results from these analysis, assessment, and prediction, the methods for reducing vibration generated from machines were discussed.
박준철,김건호,홍순일,Park Jun-Chul,Kim Keon-Ho,Hong Soon-Il 한국가구학회 2004 한국가구학회지 Vol.15 No.2
As glulam is a woody material, it is necessary to be more careful in a gluing process. It takes 6-7 hours at $40-60^{\circ}C$ to harden PRF resin used in making structural glulam, and about 24 hours at room temperature. In the present process which can not use a press continuously, reducing the hardening time is necessary to increase production. The experiment was done to compare the adhesive properties of PRF resin and MUF resin through bending test, block shear strength test and water soaking test. In comparing the bending strength of prediction MOE is 1.2 times higher that actual MOE. PRF and MUF do not show significant difference in MOE and MOR, and in block shear strength test, such as shear strength and wood failure rate. However, in water soaking and boiling water soaking tests PRF and MUF show the significant difference in delamination rate.
박준철,홍순일 한국가구학회 2002 한국가구학회지 Vol.13 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the strength and technical feasibility of glulam from small diameter Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi. Small diameter logs are currently not used in structural laminated beam construction, but it is suggested that its properties may be feasible for this purpose. The glulam combinations were designed with high grade laminae located at outer laminations (face) and low grade laminae located at center laminations. Important problems of finger jointed glulam as a structural beam are the small modulus of rupture (MOR). One solution for this problem Mi to use veneer and solid wood as the face laminae. The MOE values were predicted for each beam from laminae. The results showed that actual beam MOE values exceeded slightly the predicted values. Based on the evaluation and analysis of Pinus and Larix glulam, the maximum load of Larix kaempferi glulam indicated large values. The bending properties of A and E types glulam were superior to others. It is suggested that this small diameter log can be a candidate for structural glulam construction, providing the proper combinations of face laminae.