한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

하지 분절 각도에 따른 수의 등척성 수축(MVIC)시 근전도 비교

김정자,이민형,김연정,채원식,한윤수,권선옥 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

J. J. KIM, M. H. LEE, Y. J. KIM, W. S. CHAE, Y. S. HAN, O. KWON. Comparison of the maximum EMG levels recorded in maximum effort isometric contractions at five different knee flexion angles. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 197-206, 2005. The purpose of this study was to quantify the maximum EMG levels and determine if there are differences in these EMG levels with respect to different knee flexion angles. Eight university students with no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the participants. The maximum voluntary isometric knee extensions and flexions were taken from each participant sat on the isokinetic exercise machine (Cybex 340) at five different knee flexion angles (10?30?50?70? 90?. After surface electrodes were attached to rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus laterlis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, maximum EMG levels at five different knee flexion angles were measured. The results showed that there was no significant difference in maximum EMG levels among five different knee flexion angles. Although there was no significant difference in EMG levels and were some variations among different knee flexion angles, the EMG signals of quadriceps in extension and biceps femoris in flexion were the greatest at 30? It seems that different joint angles or relative locations of body segments might affect the magnitude of EMG levels. Because the maximum EMG levels could change with a different knee flexion angle, an attempt should be made to more accurately measure these values. If then, %MVIC measure provides more reliable data and is most appropriate for EMG normalization.

정신장애인 치료에 중요 역할 담당자의 정신질환에 대한 태도조사

김병후,정선욱,강연화,김윤,김창엽,홍진표,한오수,조맹제,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5

Objectives : Attitudes of families of mentally ill, health personnels and community leaders to the mentally ill after the development and utilization of the community mental health program and reintegration of the chronically ill patients into society. This study was designed to compare the attitudes toward the mentally ill patient of the persons who have important role in treating the mentally ill and to find the variables influencing the attitudes. Methods : We measured attitudes toward mental illness in psychotic patients' families(N=139), community leaders(N=180) and health personnels(N=324) including mental health personnels before the implementation of community mental health services in Yonchon county and Seodaemun district area. The instrument used to measure attitudes was Opinion about Mental Illness(O. M. I.) scale. Results : 1) Health personnel showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores on the average than community leaders and psychotic patients families. 2) Current residence affect the attitudes in psychotic patients' families, not in community leaders and health personnels. Families in urban area showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and Social Restrictiveness(Factor D) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores than in the rural areas. 3) Many patient variables were correlated to the attitudes of families. Duration of illness, number of recurrence, number of admission, age of patient and family burden were positively correlated mainly to Social Restrictiveness(Factor D). 4) Sex and religion of respondents showed no or weak relationship with the factor scores. Conclusions : Education for community leaders and families is required to achieve successful community mental health services. Community support program should be developed for chronic, recurrent and burdensome psychiatric patients in the first place.

스포츠 활동 참가가 대학생들의 심리적 변인에 미치는 영향

오윤선,김성희 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between Mental-Health and Body-Conscious ness in sports participation type of university students, The subjects of the study was selected by stratified duster random sampling method from the sports participation located in Seoul·Kyung-Ki area in university students. Among them, 400 students are contacted as samples to be studied. 29 of them are not reviewed because of untimely response and doubted sincerity of their answers. The author used questions from Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale: SES (10 Questions, 1965, translated, edited and standardized by Kim, gui-bong, Kim, young-soo, Kang, sung-gu, Park, joo-young, Kim, young-ho, 1999), Derogatis's The Brief Symptom Inventory: BSI (53 questions, 1977, translated, edited and standardised by Kim, Jae-Hwan & Kim, Kwang-IL, 1984), Kammann and Flett Affetometer-Ⅱ Questionnaire (40 Questions, 1983, translated, edited and standardized by Hong, gil-dong, 1995), Miler, Murphy, & Buss's Body-Conscious ness Questionnaire (15 Questions, 1981, translated, edited and standardized by Kang, Myung-Ok, 1999), and Walls ton, Wallston and DeVellis Multidimensional health Locus of Control Scale (18 Questions, 1978) to analyze the sample with statistical calculations including mean, standard deviation, reliability analysis, t-test for the study. The study conclusions from this study summarized as follow: First, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Self-Esteem, Second, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Mental Health, Third, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Life-Satisfaction, Forth, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the Body-Consciousness. Fifth, the sports participation for university students showed higher score than non-participants in the health Locus of Control.

Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

상악동저 골이식술 후 임플란트 수에 따른 혼합골 이식재의 수직

박미정,김명래,김지연,김예미,김선종 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2012 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.35 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate whether there is the difference of graft height changes in radiographic evaluation in single implants and multiple implants after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with an auto-xenograft mixture. Methods: The study group comprised 29 patients (16 men, 13 women; mean age, 56.5±12.4 years; range, 27 to 87 years) treated at the implant clinic of the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. They were treated with the sinus floor augmentation of lateral window technique and simultaneous placement of dental implants. Their implants have been evaluated for 42.4±10.5 months. To evaluate the height of grafted material, the real implant length was compared with that of panoramic radiography evaluated by a digital caliper (PACS program), and then the real height of grafted material was assumed. SPSS 19.0 was used in statistical analysis. Wilcoxon singed rank test was utilized for P value and Mann-Whitney for statistical significance in the changes of grafted height between single implants and multiple implants. The level of statistical significance was defined as P<0.001. Results: The evaluated graft height in single implants' group decreased to 0.60±0.54 mm at the time of delivery (after 7.5 months, P=0.001), in multi-unit implants' group to 0.96±0.84 mm (after 6.5 months, P<0.001). The evaluated graft height in single implants' group decreased to 1.11±0.75 mm at the last follow-up (after 43.5 months, P=0.001), in multi-unit implants' group to 1.52±0.99 mm (after 41.8 months, P<0.001). Mann-Whitney test was used for the difference between single implants and multi-unit implants. There was no difference in two groups at the time of delivery and the last follow-up (P>0.001). Conclusion: There was no statistical significance of radiographic graft height after maxillary sinus floor augmentation between single implants and multiple implants.